K103 Lab exam 2
Types of Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket (glenohumeral), Saddle (one bone has concave surface and other convex, proximal end of thumb), Hinge (motion in one plane, elbow), Gliding (limited motion of sliding, carpal bones), Pivot (rotation in one plane, Atlas to Axis)
Long Bone Structure
Diaphysis-shaft, cylinder of dense bone Epiphysis-end of long bone (two ends), red marrow persists here Medullary Cavity-center of shaft, in mature bones will contain yellow marrow (fat)
Cartilaginous Joint
Fibrocartilage connecting neighboring bones, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
Skull Suture
Fibrous Joints in skull, where you see bones "separating"
Trochanter
Large, blunt, irregular shape
Fissure
Narrow or slit like, blood vessels or nerves pass through such openings
Spongy Bone
Site of Blood cell formation
Tubercle
Small rounded
Sesamoid bone classification
bones that develop inside a tendon (patella)
Irregular bone classification
bones with projecting notched or ridged regions, vertebrae
Short bone classification
box/cube like, central cavity contains red marrow (carpal bones)
Ramus
branch or bar of bone, may look like an arm like projection
Meatus
canal or tube like passage way
Sinus
cavity or hollow space within a bone, air filled and a mucous membrane will be present
Ligament
conn. tissue, bone to bone
Tendon
connective tissue, muscle to bone
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
covers distal ends of epiphysis and is important in bone protection during movement at the joints
Periosteum
dense fibrous connective tissue and covers the external surface of bone, tendons and ligaments attach here
Endosteum
dense fibrous connective tissue that lines internal surface of the bone (medullary cavity), the central canal of an osteon, and the surface of the spongy bone
Sulcus (groove)
furrow along a bone in which a vessel or tendon may lie
Tuberosity
large rounded
Condyle
large, round knob of none
Long Bone classification
longer than wide, arm, leg
Synovial Joint
membranous sac filled with synovial fluid allows freedom of movement
Process
more sharp and slender than spine, needle like
Crest
narrow, forms prominent ridge
Fused Joint
one bone is fused to another, sutures between skull bones, frontal bone just above nasal bone
Bursa
pockets of conn. tissue which are fluid filled to help reduce friction where tendons or ligaments come in contact with other tissues
Epicondyle
projection above a condyle
Head
proximal end of bone, rounded expanded region connected to the rest of the body by neck
Foramen
round opening
Flat bone classification
sandwich like, central cavity contains red marrow (cranial bones)
Fossa (fovea)
shallow depression in bone
Fibrous Joint
sheet of connective tissue between neighboring bones, radius and ulna, tibia and fibula, most bones of skull
spine
slender extension of bone, flat like
Dense (Compact) Bone
surrounds spongy bone
Line
thinner and less prominent than crest
Facet
very shallow surface, flat and nearly smooth in appearance