Sociology Conflict War and Terrorism

Researchers noted those in favor of the war on Iraq used the language of _____ to generate support. a. anger b. racism c. patriotism d. hate

c. patriotism

World War II was largely a war over a. borders. b. resources. c. political ideologies. d. religion.

c. political ideologies.

The state is an apparatus of a. consensus. b. cooperation. c. power. d. assistance.

c. power.

The Internet was originally created for _______ purposes. a. entertainment b. commercial c. educational d. military

d. military

A set of international treaties that govern the behavior of states during wartime, including the treatment of prisoners of war is called a. Geneva Conventions. b. The Patriot Act. c. International Wartime Pact. d. Ethical Regulations during Times of War.

a. Geneva Conventions.

Conflict over which of the following is least likely to end in compromise or negotiation? a. Ideologies b. Resources c. Economic inequalities d. Borders

a. Ideologies

Mediation was successfully used in the conflict in a. Northern Ireland. b. North Korea. c. Brazil. d. Syria

a. Northern Ireland.

__________ refers to a condition resulting from war, rape, or crime victimization. a. PTSD b. ADHD c. SDS d. Multiple personality

a. PTSD

_______ explanations emphasize the existence of deeply held beliefs and ancient differences between ethnic groups. a. Primordial b. Constructivist c. Rational d. Ideological

a. Primordial

_________ is the premeditated use, or threatened use, of violence by individuals or groups to gain a political or social objective. a. Terrorism b. War c. Revolution d. Civil war

a. Terrorism

Which of the following is among the top five small arms suppliers in the world? a. The United States b. Saudi Arabia c. Israel d. Iran

a. The United States

Which of the following nations accounts for the greatest percentage of the world's military spending? a. The United States b. Russia c. China d. Israel

a. The United States

The rate of PTSD among soldiers is difficult to measure because of a. a lag time between exposure and symptoms. b. the medicalization of mental illness. c. the quick response from the VA. d. agreement among professionals as to what it means.

a. a lag time between exposure and symptoms.

Conflicts over borders are most likely to arise when a. borders are physically easy to cross. b. borders are clearly delineated by natural boundaries, such as rivers, oceans, or mountain ranges. c. communication between border countries is prohibited. d. borders are a product of treaty negotiation.

a. borders are physically easy to cross.

Weapons of mass destruction include nuclear, biological, and _____________ weapons. a. chemical b. small arms c. semi-automatic d. psychological

a. chemical

The world's number of autonomous political units has ______________ compared with 1000 B.C. a. decreased dramatically b. increased slightly c. remained the same d. varied considerably throughout the years, first increasing and then decreasing

a. decreased dramatically

In recent United Nation peacekeeping missions, _______ provided more than 75 percent of the troops. a. developing nations b. the United States c. Europe and Japan d. Great Britain, Canada, and Australia

a. developing nations

According to Chirot, retribalization has been caused by a. globalized culture. b. lack of natural resources, such as water or oil. c. social class inequalities. d. border disputes.

a. globalized culture.

The development of attitudes and behavior that support war begins a. in childhood. b. in adolescence. c. in adulthood. d. with recruitment into the military.

a. in childhood.

Modern wars tend to be fought a. in populated areas. b. on remote battlefields. c. with psychological warfare. d. in ways that produce less destruction.

a. in populated areas.

The Bush administration argued that detainees at Guantanamo Bay were a. not covered by international treaties regarding prisoners of war because they were not representatives of a country's military. b. covered by the U.S. constitution and had all of the rights of American citizens. c. had no rights because they were terrorists. d. were prisoners of war and should be treated accordingly.

a. not covered by international treaties regarding prisoners of war because they were not representatives of a country's military.

In a survey of Americans about their attitudes toward torture at facilities such as Guantanamo Bay, a. people were nearly evenly divided about whether torture was ever justified. b. Americans 65 years and older were more likely than other age groups to believe the mistreatment represented isolated incidents. c. Whites were more likely than blacks to think the mistreatment was part of a wider pattern. d. Republicans were more likely than Democrats to think the mistreatment was part of a wider pattern.

a. people were nearly evenly divided about whether torture was ever justified.

Michael Klare, author of Resources Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict (2001) predicts that wars will increasingly be over a. resources. b. religion. c. ethnic antagonism. d. racial intolerance

a. resources.

The flow of small arms is more difficult to control than larger weapons of mass destruction because a. small arms have more legitimate uses. b. small arms are more easily concealed. c. small arms cost less. d. small arms make more money for the sellers.

a. small arms have more legitimate uses.

The association of the Bush administration and the Carlyle Group, an equity investment firm with billions of dollars in military and aerospace assets, is an example of a. the military-industrial complex. b. dual-use technologies. c. development of the state. d. détente.

a. the military-industrial complex.

The sociologist, Daniel Chirot, argues that the recent worldwide increase in ethnic hostilities is a consequence of "retribalization." By this he means a. the tendency for groups to seek meaning and belonging in an ethnic group. b. renewed affiliations with extended family clans. c. explaining racial and ethnic inequalities by genetic differences. d. the establishment of global ethnic and racial social networks.

a. the tendency for groups to seek meaning and belonging in an ethnic group.

The 2001 bombings of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were acts of ______ terrorism. a. transnational b. revolutionary c. domestic d. nationalist

a. transnational

Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with which of the following problems? a. Success in school b. Family violence c. Formation of health relationships d. Multiple personality

b. Family violence

The term "dual-use technologies" refers to which of the following? a. Military technology that has both offensive and defensive capabilities b. Innovations that have civilian and military applications c. Military technology that is used both by military personnel and violent street criminals d. Defense-funded innovations that are used to both deter war and fight in war

b. Innovations that have civilian and military applications

Which of the following technological innovations is the result of war? a. Online banking b. Laser surgery c. E-learning d. Smart phones

b. Laser surgery

Which of the following is a defensive strategy to fight terrorism? a. Retaliatory raids b. Metal detectors and X-ray machines at airports c. Group infiltration d. Preemptive strikes

b. Metal detectors and X-ray machines at airports

Sociologist Daniel Chirot identified five levels of ethnic conflict. According to Chirot, which of the following levels of ethnic conflict describes the United States? a. Multiethnic society without serious conflict b. Multiethnic society with controlled conflict c. Society with ethnic conflict that has been resolved d. Society with serious ethnic conflict leading to warfare

b. Multiethnic society with controlled conflict

__________ is the main force of world governance. a. NATO b. The United Nations c. The U.S. Congress d. The Geneva Convention

b. The United Nations

Which countries were involved in the Cold War? a. China and Japan b. U.S. and U.S.S.R. c. Egypt and Iran d. Great Britain and Germany

b. U.S. and U.S.S.R.

An organization of central government with governmental agencies is called a. a city. b. a state. c. a chiefdom. d. a tribe.

b. a state.

Racial, ethnic, and religious hostilities perpetuated by the wealthy to divert attention away from their exploitation illustrates the ___________ explanation of ethnic conflict. a. primordial b. constructivist c. ideological d. cultural value

b. constructivist

Industrialization ___________ a society's propensity for war. a. increases b. decreases c. does not affect d. eliminates

b. decreases

The Cold War involved the clash of a. religious views. b. economic ideologies. c. political ideologies. d. race and ethnic origins.

b. economic ideologies.

In 2010, Private Bradley Manning was arrested for leaking information about a. defense missile positions. b. military conduct in Iraq and Afghanistan. c. planned military operations. d. troop movements in Afghanistan.

b. military conduct in Iraq and Afghanistan.

The director of the U.S. Center for Defense Information suggests that wealthy nations can help reduce world conflict by a. stockpiling nuclear weapons. b. providing economic assistance to poorer countries. c. allocating proportionately more money to developing weapons. d. intervening in conflicts between other nations.

b. providing economic assistance to poorer countries.

In 2014, most terrorist attacks were in a. Africa. b. the Middle East. c. the U.S. d. Japan or Korea.

b. the Middle East.

Centuries of war between competing chiefdoms culminated in the development of a. capitalism. b. the state. c. private property. d. social welfare.

b. the state.

According to your text, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor a. to goad the U.S. into entering World War II. b. to avoid a later confrontation with the U.S. military. c. to reduce economic competition from the U.S. d. as part of its plan to conquer the world.

b. to avoid a later confrontation with the U.S. military.

Many governments convince the public the only way to ensure world peace is a. through negotiation. b. to be prepared for war. c. to develop attitudes of tolerance. d. to emphasize cooperation.

b. to be prepared for war.

Former U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan concludes that it is _______ that leads to conflict. a. poverty b. unequal access to political power c. unequal access to natural resources, such as water or oil d. capitalism

b. unequal access to political power

Your text identifies which of the following as an important function of the state? a. Regulation of healthcare b. Distribution of resources c. Control of territory d. Provision of human services

c. Control of territory

Which country has recently conducted nuclear tests? a. Japan b. Cuba c. North Korea d. Norway

c. North Korea

The term "nuclear winter" refers to which of the following? a. The nuclear fallout after the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Japan b. An imagined future state in which no nuclear weapons exist on the planet c. Results of dust and particles from a massive thermonuclear war d. An agreement between Russia and the United States promising to "freeze" production of new nuclear weapons

c. Results of dust and particles from a massive thermonuclear war

Which theoretical perspective would be most interested in propaganda images used during war? a. Structural functionalism b. Conflict theory c. Symbolic interactionism d. Feminist

c. Symbolic interactionism

Osama bin Laden blamed _______ for "dividing the whole world into two sides." a. the Western value of materialism b. Western immorality c. U.S. Middle East policies d. unjust United Nations policies

c. U.S. Middle East policies

Which of the following statements best describes the state of nuclear proliferation in the world? a. There is a massive race among all countries to develop the most nuclear weapons. b. The United States is the only country still developing a nuclear arsenal. c. While some developing countries continue to develop nuclear arsenals, many countries, including the U.S., have begun to reduce their stockpiles. d. All nuclear weapons have been destroyed.

c. While some developing countries continue to develop nuclear arsenals, many countries, including the U.S., have begun to reduce their stockpiles.

America's war in Iraq based on fear of weapons of mass destruction illustrates a. arbitration. b. mediation. c. a security dilemma. d. détente.

c. a security dilemma.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower referred to the close association between the military and the defense industry as the military-industrial a. institution. b. collaboration. c. complex. d. dynamic.

c. complex

According to your text, a "security dilemma" occurs when actions to increase a nation's security a. affects other institutions in the society, such as the family. b. restricts that nation's own freedoms. c. decrease the security of others and lead them to respond in ways that decrease that nation's own security. d. decreases the stability and security of others so that one's own nation has to protect and defend the other injured country.

c. decrease the security of others and lead them to respond in ways that decrease that nation's own security.

The distinction between a civil war and a revolution a. is easily determined during the conflict. b. is that civil wars always lead to large-scale social change whereas revolutions do not. c. depends on the outcome of the struggle. d. is that civil wars always involve changes in the distribution of power in society whereas revolutions do not.

c. depends on the outcome of the struggle.

The bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City that resulted in 168 deaths and 200 injured victims was an act of _______ terrorism. a. transnational b. revolutionary c. domestic d. nationalist

c. domestic

In mediation, a neutral third party listens to evidence and arguments presented by conflicting groups and a. imposes a solution on the disputing parties, like a judge in a civil court hearing. b. arrives at a decision or outcome that the two conflicting parties agree to accept. c. helps the disputing parties generate options for resolving the conflict but does not impose solutions. d. monitors negotiations between the disputing parties to ensure neither violates international law.

c. helps the disputing parties generate options for resolving the conflict but does not impose solutions.

Conflicts over _______ are less likely to end in compromise or negotiation. a. oil b. borders c. ideologies and values d. diamonds

c. ideologies and values

Industrialization a. was responsible for the development of the state. b. increases a society's propensity to war. c. increases the potential destruction of war. d. reduces the economic costs of war.

c. increases the potential destruction of war.

According to opinion polls, ______________ Americans fear we will be victimized by another terrorist attack. a. very few b. about a quarter of c. over half of d. almost all

c. over half of

War often affects children by a. increasing positive interactions with foreigners. b. increasing their access to medicine and health care. c. preventing them from attending school. d. increasing their access to proper nutrition.

c. preventing them from attending school.

The Mine Ban Treaty a. requires governments to report all landmine stockpiles in their countries. b. requires governments to map all landmine fields in their countries. c. requires governments to destroy landmine stockpiles and to clear landmine fields. d. has been signed by all countries in the world.

c. requires governments to destroy landmine stockpiles and to clear landmine fields.

Revolutions and civil wars are more likely to occur when a. a government is strong and united. b. a government is responsive to the concerns and demands of its citizens. c. strong leaders are willing to mount opposition to the government. d. an outside attack on the government has occurred.

c. strong leaders are willing to mount opposition to the government.

Weapons initially supplied by the United States to foreign powers were then used against the United States in a. WWII. b. the Falklands War. c. the war against the Taliban in Afghanistan. d. the Korean War.

c. the war against the Taliban in Afghanistan.

Feminist analysts argue that a. women benefit more from war than men since men are more likely to carry out active combat. b. nature-based arguments about gender explain why men are more suited for military violence. c. war is an extension of patriarchy and the subordination of women in male-dominated societies. d. war is typically used to accomplish feminist goals.

c. war is an extension of patriarchy and the subordination of women in male-dominated societies.

Revolutions involve which of the following? a. One nation attacking another nation because it believes that nation poses a threat b. One nation attacking another nation with the intention of conquering and absorbing it into their own society c. Citizens warring against a foreign government that has invaded their territory d. Citizens warring against their own government

d. Citizens warring against their own government

A team of terrorist experts list which of the following as a cause of terrorism? a. A strong military b. Slow progress toward modernization c. Good economic times d. Racial or ethnic discrimination

d. Racial or ethnic discrimination

Which of the following is the best illustration of a multiethnic society without serious conflict? a. The United States b. Canada c. Sri Lanka d. Switzerland

d. Switzerland

The Cold War refers to which of the following? a. The Vietnam War b. The Gulf War c. The potential for chemical, biological, or nuclear war that would result in the total destruction of the planet d. The state of political tension and military rivalry that existed between the United States and the former Soviet Union

d. The state of political tension and military rivalry that existed between the United States and the former Soviet Union

Which statement is true? a. Warfare reduces social cohesion and unity among societal members. b. Military conflict promotes economic and political rivalry. c. Warfare halts negative technological development. d. Warfare increases employment and stimulates the economy in the short run.

d. Warfare increases employment and stimulates the economy in the short run.

In war and conflict women and girls a. are typically unaffected. b. often fight as equals alongside men. c. are taken in by other countries. d. are often abused, raped, neglected and tortured.

d. are often abused, raped, neglected and tortured.

Conflict theory suggests war is least likely to benefit a. political elite. b. military elite. c. corporate elite. d. racial and ethnic minorities.

d. racial and ethnic minorities.

Your text suggests that the U.S. attack on Grenada a. showed the need for improvement in the American military. b. prevented imminent missile attacks on U.S. territory. c. thwarted a revolution in Grenada. d. restored faith and power in the U.S. military.

d. restored faith and power in the U.S. military.

The micro-level process of deciding to commit a terrorist act involves a. high self-esteem. b. military experience. c. belief in God. d. social network influences.

d. social network influences.

The world's leading arms exporting nation is a. China. b. North Korea. c. Russia. d. the United States.

d. the United States.

Experts cited in your text predict that the dominant resource issue of the Middle East over which wars will be fought in the future is a. oil. b. land. c. gold. d. water.

d. water.

The principle of mutually assured destruction (MAD) transformed war from a a. lose-lose proposition to a win-lose scenario. b. win-win proposition to a win-lose scenario. c. win-lose proposition to a win-win scenario. d. win-lose proposition to a lose-lose scenario.

d. win-lose proposition to a lose-lose scenario.