Kin. #2

Which of the following most accurately describes a motor unit?

a single motor unit and all muscle fibers it innervates

decrease in ROM of the finger flexors when the wrist is fully flexed is an example of what?

active insufficiency

appropriate strategies to lessen the likelihood of acquiring osteoporosis include which of the following

adequate dietary calcium intake

which of the following factors affect muscular strength (i.e. force/tension developing ability of muscle?)

all of the above

fill in the blank: a bone is _______ which refers to the ability of a bone to exhibit different mechanical properties in response to loads from different directions

anisotropic

fill in the bank: bone _______ refers to the decrease in bone mass

atrophy

Which behavioral property of muscle tissue is defined as "the ability to return to a normal resting length?

Elasticity

The technique of muscle stretching known as proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is based on responses elicited from which of the following?

Golgi tendon organs

which of the following occurs in the absence of gravitational forces?

bone atrophy

what happens when osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity?

bone mass decreases

undesirably low body weight in young female athletes can lead to what?

both A and B

which of the following is/are example of articular fibrocartilage

both A and B

Golgi tendon organs respond in which of the following ways?

both A and C

which of the following components of bone provides it with flexility

collagen

Which of the following muscle injuries presents itself with hemorrhage or edema which can lead to increased pressure and severe damage to neural and vascular structures

compartment syndrome

bone is strongest in resisting which type of stress?

compressive stress

during the kicking and follow through phases of a punt, the quadriceps are experiencing what type of contraction?

concentric

which of the following terms is used to describe bone with relatively low porosity?

cortical

What type of muscle contraction is employed by the knee extensor during the descending phase of a squat?

eccentric

which of the following is an example of a hinge joint

elbow

which of the following is known as the longitudinal "growth center" of a bone?

epiphysis

which of the following does not characterize a pennate muscle?

fibers parallel to long axis of muscle

an incomplete fracture that occurs on the convex surface of the bone is refereed as what?

greenstick fracture

Type I muscle fibers will likely have ________ mitochondrial concentration, whereas type IIx muscle fibers will likely have ________ mitochondrial concentration.

high; low

how do bones typically respond to stress?

hypertrophy

muscle hypertrophy in humans is primarily due to what?

increase in size of muscle fibers

a goniometer is used to directly measure what?

joint range of motion

the "ability of a joint to resist abnormal displacement" defines what?

joint stability

which of the following characterizes the "close-packed position?" at a joint?

joint stability is optimized

fill in the blank: _______ connect bone to bone

ligaments

where is the parallel elastic component (PEC) of a muscle found?

muscle membrane

in human skeletal muscle, force generation capability is highest in which of the following conditions?

muscle of slightly lengthened

The stretch reflex is provoked by activation of which of the following in a stretched muscle

muscle spindles

which of the following terms best descries the rate of torque production at a joint?

muscular power

the amount of torque a muscle group can generate at a joint is used to measure what?

muscular strength

when flexing the elbow, the biceps brachia is recruited to perform this flexion movement but the biceps brachia also causes supination, an undesired movement. therefore another muscle acting as a _____, cousin ______ must be recruited to prevent the undesired motion

neutralizer; pronation

fill in the blank: _______ refers to degenerative disease of the articular cartilage in a joint that causes pain, swelling, decrease ROM, and stifness

osteoarthritis

Specialized bone cells that build new tissue are called what?

osteoblasts

Which of the following refers to the stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments by a force other than tension in the antagonist muscles?

passive stretching

which of the following is an example of a flat bone?

ribs

bone is weakest in resisting which type of stress

shear stress

Fill in the blank: _________ connect muscle to bone

tendons

Which of the following is not a part of the appendicular skeleton

the skull

which of the following time periods is termed electromechanical delay?

the time required for the muscle to initiate the development of tension after receiving the nerve impulse

which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?

the vertebra

warming up before an athletic event raises muscle temperature, which is beneficial to the athletic performance. In terms of the force velocity curve, which of the following is true?

there is a slight shift of the curve to the right, which ultimately results in an increase of neural impulse conducting and delivery to the muscle, enhancing muscle function

which of the following is associated with syndesmosis joint?

they are immovable

a complete fracture where the break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone is referred to as what?

transverse fracture

which of the following is an example of a irregular bone

vertebra

Which of the following are functions of articular cartilage?

Both A & C