Kin. #2
Which of the following most accurately describes a motor unit?
a single motor unit and all muscle fibers it innervates
decrease in ROM of the finger flexors when the wrist is fully flexed is an example of what?
active insufficiency
appropriate strategies to lessen the likelihood of acquiring osteoporosis include which of the following
adequate dietary calcium intake
which of the following factors affect muscular strength (i.e. force/tension developing ability of muscle?)
all of the above
fill in the blank: a bone is _______ which refers to the ability of a bone to exhibit different mechanical properties in response to loads from different directions
anisotropic
fill in the bank: bone _______ refers to the decrease in bone mass
atrophy
Which behavioral property of muscle tissue is defined as "the ability to return to a normal resting length?
Elasticity
The technique of muscle stretching known as proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is based on responses elicited from which of the following?
Golgi tendon organs
which of the following occurs in the absence of gravitational forces?
bone atrophy
what happens when osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity?
bone mass decreases
undesirably low body weight in young female athletes can lead to what?
both A and B
which of the following is/are example of articular fibrocartilage
both A and B
Golgi tendon organs respond in which of the following ways?
both A and C
which of the following components of bone provides it with flexility
collagen
Which of the following muscle injuries presents itself with hemorrhage or edema which can lead to increased pressure and severe damage to neural and vascular structures
compartment syndrome
bone is strongest in resisting which type of stress?
compressive stress
during the kicking and follow through phases of a punt, the quadriceps are experiencing what type of contraction?
concentric
which of the following terms is used to describe bone with relatively low porosity?
cortical
What type of muscle contraction is employed by the knee extensor during the descending phase of a squat?
eccentric
which of the following is an example of a hinge joint
elbow
which of the following is known as the longitudinal "growth center" of a bone?
epiphysis
which of the following does not characterize a pennate muscle?
fibers parallel to long axis of muscle
an incomplete fracture that occurs on the convex surface of the bone is refereed as what?
greenstick fracture
Type I muscle fibers will likely have ________ mitochondrial concentration, whereas type IIx muscle fibers will likely have ________ mitochondrial concentration.
high; low
how do bones typically respond to stress?
hypertrophy
muscle hypertrophy in humans is primarily due to what?
increase in size of muscle fibers
a goniometer is used to directly measure what?
joint range of motion
the "ability of a joint to resist abnormal displacement" defines what?
joint stability
which of the following characterizes the "close-packed position?" at a joint?
joint stability is optimized
fill in the blank: _______ connect bone to bone
ligaments
where is the parallel elastic component (PEC) of a muscle found?
muscle membrane
in human skeletal muscle, force generation capability is highest in which of the following conditions?
muscle of slightly lengthened
The stretch reflex is provoked by activation of which of the following in a stretched muscle
muscle spindles
which of the following terms best descries the rate of torque production at a joint?
muscular power
the amount of torque a muscle group can generate at a joint is used to measure what?
muscular strength
when flexing the elbow, the biceps brachia is recruited to perform this flexion movement but the biceps brachia also causes supination, an undesired movement. therefore another muscle acting as a _____, cousin ______ must be recruited to prevent the undesired motion
neutralizer; pronation
fill in the blank: _______ refers to degenerative disease of the articular cartilage in a joint that causes pain, swelling, decrease ROM, and stifness
osteoarthritis
Specialized bone cells that build new tissue are called what?
osteoblasts
Which of the following refers to the stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments by a force other than tension in the antagonist muscles?
passive stretching
which of the following is an example of a flat bone?
ribs
bone is weakest in resisting which type of stress
shear stress
Fill in the blank: _________ connect muscle to bone
tendons
Which of the following is not a part of the appendicular skeleton
the skull
which of the following time periods is termed electromechanical delay?
the time required for the muscle to initiate the development of tension after receiving the nerve impulse
which of the following is part of the axial skeleton?
the vertebra
warming up before an athletic event raises muscle temperature, which is beneficial to the athletic performance. In terms of the force velocity curve, which of the following is true?
there is a slight shift of the curve to the right, which ultimately results in an increase of neural impulse conducting and delivery to the muscle, enhancing muscle function
which of the following is associated with syndesmosis joint?
they are immovable
a complete fracture where the break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone is referred to as what?
transverse fracture
which of the following is an example of a irregular bone
vertebra
Which of the following are functions of articular cartilage?
Both A & C