Reflect & Relate Interpersonal Communication

Five steps of listening

1.Concentrate on important aspects of encounters and control factors that impede your attention 2.Communicate your understanding by providing feedback 3. Improve your recall abilities 4.Develop an awareness of your primary listening functions 5.Practice shifting your listening style, depending on the encounter

Define Passion

A blended emotions of surprise and joy. A positive feeling, such as excitement, amazement, and sexual attraction.

Define Fear

A feeling of terror brought on by a belief that your in danger

Define skirting

A form of avoidance by changing the topic or joking about it

Define sniping

A form of avoidance. Communicating in a negative fashion and abandoning the conversation or refusing to interact

Define dialect

A large group of people within a particular culture develop their own variation of language

What is the actor-observer effect

A tendency to credit external forces as a cause for our behavior instead of internal factors. Prevalent during unpleasant interaction.

What are four listening styles CAPT

Action-oriented listeners, time-oriented listeners, people-oriented listeners, content-oriented listeners.

How does nonverbal communication convey meaning

Allows a person to gather information based on nonverbal signs such as body language

Define the principal of Irreversible Relationship Information

Asking yourself if what your about to say going to lead to an outcome you want.

Define and List conflict management styles

Avoidance: involves skirting and sniping Accommodation: motivated by the desire to please Competition: pursuing ones owns goals at the expense of others Reactivity: explosive response to conflict Collaboration: most effective

Define Stereotypes

Beliefs that certain attributes are characteristics of members of a particular group.

Compare friends and best friends

Best friends are usually same sex, greater intimacy, count of them to listen, distinct in the shared activities commit the friends to each other

What are friendship challenges

Betrayal: breaking confidence, Geographical Separation, and attraction: being attracted to each other beyond friendship

What are acts of friendship betrayl

Break confidence, backstabbing, spreading rumors, and lying

What are the characteristics of an I-thou relationship

By embracing similaritys we see things from another person point of view.

What is Linear communication

Communication flows in one direction, from starting point to end point.

What is transactional communication

Communication is multidirectional, each individual influences the communication

What is interactive communication

Communication that involves a sender and receiver.

What are the five principals of interpersonal communication

Content, Relationship,Intentional or Unintentional,Irreversible, and Dynamic

What is the impact of the looking glass self

Defining yourself based on how others see you. Struggling with your identity and who you are.

Contrast denotative and connotative meaning

Denotative is the literal meaning of a word. Connotative is when we use words that have additional understanding.

Define presentation communication goals

Desires you have to present yourself in a certain way, so others perceive you as being a particular type of person.

Why do FWB fail

Different expectations, develop romantic feelings, and the relationship doesn't satisfy them

Define kitchen sinking

During a conflict combatants hurl insults and accusations that have nothing to do with the disagreement

Define Interpersonal Communication

Dynamic conversation between two people in which a message is exchanged to significantly influence their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and relationships.

The primary emotion of joy is associated with what High Intensiity Counterpart

Ecstasy

What are the principals of downward communication

Emphazise communication, listen empathically, be polite when communicating wants and needs, be sensitive when reprimanding, and share relevant information with employees

What are blended emotions

Experiencing two or more primary emotions simultaneously. contempt( anger and disgust) remorse (disgust and sadness) and awe( surprise and fear)

What are the functions of friendship

Fulfill need for companionship and achieve practical goals

What is the Johari Window

Hidden Self and the Revealed Self

Define the principal of Intentional or Unintentional Relationship Information

In some cases people understand certain meanings and people read meaning into behaviors that you didn't intend to communicate

Define the principal of Relationship Information

Influences how people interpret content information based on the relationship.

Define types of peer relationships

Informational: equivalent-status coworkers. Communication is limited to work related content Collegial:coworkers whom we consider friends. Discuss work and personal issues Special: equivalent-status coworkers that are best friends in the workplace

What are the patterns of self-disclosure in intimate relationships

Intimacy, Listeners have to be supportive, Both people have to share information, and knowing that not all disclosure boost intimacy.

What type of "space" is associated w/ proxemics

Intimate Space 0-18' Personal Space 18'-4ft Social Space 4ft-12ft Public Space up to 12ft

What is the risk of self disclosure

It's irreversible

Types of nonverbal codes

Kinesics: visible body movement Vocalics: pitch & tone Haptics: touch Proxemics: physical distance Physical Appearance: how we look Artifacts: the things we possess influence how we see ourselves Environment: physical features of our surroundings

Compare and contrast liking & loving

Liking is a feeling of affection and respect that we have for our friends. Loving is vastly deeper and more intense emotional experience.

What are the three models of communication

Linear, Interactive, and Transactional

What is aggressive listening

Listen solely to find an opportunity to attack their conversational partners.

Define Action-oriented listeners

Listeners who want brief to the point information so they can make a decisions

Contrast hearing and listening

Listening involves receiving, understanding, responding, and recalling information. It unfolds over time.Hearing happens through observation. Light travels to the lens, retina, that sends images to the brain. Sound waves travel into the ear canal until they reach the eardrum.

What are the five functions of listening

Listening to comprehend, discern, analyze, appreciate, and support

Define Joy

Living a happy emotional life by creating maintaining happiness through decisions, thoughts, words and deeds.

What are strategies for maintaining face

Make sure your communication & behaviors mesh w/ what others know about you. Your communication must be enforced by objects and events in the environment.

Define downward communication

Messages from a superior or subordinate.

What function of language is used for LGBT

Naming

How do others tend to judge and perceive themselves

Negatively

Define nonverbal communication

Nonspoken physical and behavioral cues

What is self monitoring

Observing communication and situation norms

What are the Big Five Personality Traits OCEAN

Openess, Conscientiousness, Extraversion,Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

High-context cultures

People assume that people within their culture will share their viewpoint. Presume that b/e they are in the same culture they know what they are talking about.

Low-context cultures

People tend not presume that others share their beliefs, attitudes, or values. Strive to be direct and informative.

Define people-oriented listeners

People who listen to establish commonalities between themselves and others. Have concern for others emotions.

When words are used as symbols what do they represent

People, places, and ideas

What are the defining elements of romantic relationships

Perception: two partners perceive they are in a relationship Diversity:exhibiti differences Choice: selecting who you want and whether you want to maintain the bond Commitment: a psychological attachment to a partner with intention to cont. the relationship Tensions:competing impulses between ourselves and our feelings toward others Communication

Define power currencies

Possessing or controlling a valued resource that gives you influence over individuals

What are complementary relationship

Power is imbalanced. "I am special, better than you"

What are symmetrical relationships

Power that is balanced. "we are the same"

Define content-oriented listeners

Prefer to be intellectually challenged. Take time carefully evaluate facts.

What are three types of communication goals

Presentation,Instrumental, and Relationship

What are the five features of communication according to NCA. PMCCM

Process, Message, Context, Channel, and Media. PMCCM

Explain mixed-status relationships

Relationships between coworkers of different orginizational status. Most common are supervisory relationships

Types of power currencies

Resource, Expertise, Social Network, Personal, and Intimacy

Define time-oriented listeners

Scheduled listeners who who prefer brief and concise

What process is involved when we direct out attention to other stimuli

Selection

What is narcissistic listening

Self-absorbed listening:ignores what others have to say and directs the conversation to him- or herself and his or her own interest.

What communication is involved in the interactive model

Sender, Receiver, Feeddback, and Fields of experience

What are the functions of language

Share Meaning, Shape thought, Naming, Performing Actions, Craft conversations, and Manage relationships

What are Primary Emotions DASSJAF

Surprise, Joy, Disgust, Anger, Fear, Sadness .

What is the self serving bias

Taking credit for success despite the external factors

Define instrumental communication goals

Task you want to accomplish through interpersonal communication. The attempt to fulfill a goal

Define linguistic determinism

That language determines the way we think

Define Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

That language shapes how we think about things (Sapir).We cannot conceive that for which we lack vocabulary (Whorf). We are mentally constrained by language to think only certain thoughts, we cannot interpret the world in neutral ways because we see the world through the lens of our language

What is the self-discrepency theory

The characteristics you want to possess (ideal self) and your (ought self) the person others expect you to be.

Define organizational climate

The emotional quality of a workplace environment. Defensive or supportive

Define verbal communication

The exchange of spoken or written language.

What is an attribution

The explanation we create for others comments or behaviors

Define Interpersonal Communication Competence

The first step in communicating consistently in ways that are appropriate, effective, and ethical.

Define the principal of Content Information

The information you convey through the words you speak.

Describe self-concept attributes

The overall perception of who you are. Beliefs: convictions that certain things are true Attitudes:how you evaluate your self Values:principles that guide your actions

Compare and contrast symmetrical & complimentary relationships

The power that is presenting relationships is either balanced (sym) or imbalanced (comp). People w/ moderate power are more likely to use controlling communication

Define conflict

The process that occurs when people perceive that they have incompatible goals

Who has primary control over a message

The sender

What is fundamental attribution error

The tendency to attribute other's behavior solely to internal causes rather than social or environmental forces

Define linguistic relativity

The theory that languages create variations in the ways cultures perceive and think about the world

What is attribution

The way we interpret information from interpersonal encounters, we create explanations for others comments or behaviors

Define self-discrepancy theory

Two mental standards. The IDEAL SELF, characteristics that you want to possess, the perfect you. OUGHT SELF, the person others wish and expect you to be.

Define relationship communication goals

Using communication to build, maintaining, or terminating bond with others.

What are the characteristics of friendship

Voluntary, driven by shared interest, Characterized by self-disclosure, rooted in liking, and volatile

Define the perception process

We SELECT information to focus our attention, we then ORGANIZE the information into understandable patterns so that we can INTERPRET its meaning.

Define Face

When communicating with others, you present what you want others to see.

Words, when used as symbols, represent what ?

When we use items to interpret other things in communication.

Define the principal of Dynamic Information

When you interact with others, your communication are constantly in flux. No two interactions with the same person will ever be identical and no two moments within the same interaction will ever be identical.

How can you reduce uncertainty accrding to the Uncertainity Reduction Theory

You can reduce uncertainty, create an expalnation for behvior, predict behavior, and anticipate how others will respond