KIN 224 Chapter 18

The temperature of blood is about _________ than measured body temperature. -1 degree C higher -10 degrees C lower -10 degrees C higher -1 degree C lower

1 degree C higher

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days. -10 -30 -60 -120 -360

120

The globulins make up about ______ percent of all plasma proteins. - 37 - 1 - 85 - 58 - 4

37%

Typically, an adult's body contains __________ of blood. - 1 liter - 15 liters - 10 liters - 5 liters

5 liters

Plasma makes up about ________ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood. - 45 - 35 - 25 - 55 - 75

55

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight? - 1% - 46% - 92% - 25% - 98%

92%

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine? - Lymphocyte - Neutrophil - Eosinophil - Monocyte - Basophil

Basophil

Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes? -Neutrophils -Monocytes -Basophils -Lymphocytes -Eosinophils

Neutrophils

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies? - Prevention - Transportation - Regulation - Protection

Protection

Which clotting pathway involves the combining of thromboplastin (factor III) with factor VII and calcium? - The intrinsic pathway - Each of the three pathways (intrinsic, extrinsic, and common). - The extrinsic pathway - The common pathway

The extrinsic pathway

Which clotting pathway involves more steps and takes more time (approximately 5 minutes)? - The intrinsic pathway - The extrinsic pathway

The intrinsic pathway

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the - endocrine hormones. - globulins. - albumins. - fibrinogens. - prothrombins.

albumins.

Blood plasma is slightly _______; if pH drifts out of the normal range, dire consequences can result from alterations in the structure of _______ . -acidic, proteins -acidic, glycogen -acidic, glucose -basic, proteins -basic, glucose

basic, proteins

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to - only oxygen. - only carbon dioxide. - oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. - both oxygen and carbon dioxide. - only nitrogen.

both oxygen and carbon dioxide

Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis? a. proerythroblast b. normoblast c. myeloid stem cell d. reticulocyte e. erythroblast f. mature erythrocyte

c,a,e,b,d,f

During platelet plug formation, platelets begin to stick to -collagen with the assistance of von Willebrand factor. -proconvertin with the assistance of factor IX. -prostacyclin with the assistance of activated factor V. -collagen with the assistance of prothrombin. -prostacyclin with the assistance of thromboxane A2.

collagen with the assistance of von Willebrand factor

Oxygen-poor blood is _________ in color. -dark red -light blue -dark blue -bright red

dark red

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely - not change - increase - decrease

decrease

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body. If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues, blood pressure will - decrease. - increase.

decrease

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma -nutrients -proteins -solvents -formed elements -electrolytes

electrolytes

Platelets play a key role in _________, but if they are not used they are broken down after about ________ days. -hemostasis, 120 -hemostasis, 9 -hematopoiesis, 120 -hematopoiesis, 9

hemostasis, 9

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to - decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. - increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood. - decrease the blood pressure in the arteries. - increase the viscosity of the blood. - increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

increase the viscosity of the blood

Beta-globulins transport ________, whereas gamma-globulins are ________. -antibodies, lipids -lipids, heavy metals -iron ions, antibodies -oxygen, clotting proteins -clotting factors, hormones

iron ions, antibodies

Glucose is a -polar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma. -nonpolar molecule, and therefore it requires a transporter in the blood. -nonpolar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma. -polar molecule, and therefore it requires a transporter in the blood.

polar molecule, and therefore it dissolves readily in plasma

When over 10% of the body's blood has been lost, a survival response occurs involving activation of the ________ nervous system. -parasympathetic -somatic -sympathetic

sympathetic

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate - there were no agglutinins (antibodies) in the recipient blood. - the recipient had type AB blood. - the wrong blood type was used. - the donor had type O blood.

the wrong blood type was used.

The first phase in hemostasis is - platelet plug formation. - coagulation. - elimination of clots. - vascular spasm.

vascular spasm

In many of the elderly, leukocytes appear to be - decreased in number but more efficient. - decreased in number and less efficient. - increased in number and more efficient. - increased in number but more efficient.

decreased in number and less efficient

A malnourished person might have abnormally low levels of plasma proteins. As a result, colloid osmotic pressure -increases, and so blood volume is abnormally high. -decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space. -increases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space. -decreases, and so blood volume is abnormally high.

decreases, and there is fluid retention in the interstitial space

The main function of leukocytes is to - trigger allergies. - carry carbon dioxide through the blood. - defend against pathogens. - form clots. - carry oxygen through the blood.

defend against pathogens

Between the fifth week and fifth month of development, the ___________ is the primary site of hematopoiesis. After birth, however, the _______________ is the main site for hematopoiesis. - red bone marrow; thymus gland - spleen; liver - spleen; red bone marrow - liver; red bone marrow

liver; red bone marrow

Microphage colony-stimulating factor stimulates the production of - granulocytes from their progenitors. - erythrocyte progenitor cells. - megakaryocytes and platelets. - erythrocytes from myeloid stem cells. - monocytes from monoblasts.

monocytes from monoblasts

Congenital hemolytic anemia is - when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal. - caused by a failure of the body to absorb Vitamin B12. - characterized by significantly decreased formation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin due to defective red bone marrow. - when there is an inherited anemia associated with a defect in iron uptake. - characterized by a large number of immature, nucleated cells.

when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal