KIN 2500 Extra

Epithelial tissues can be classified into various categories according to

cell shape and number of layers

The four basic types of tissues in the body are...

connective, muscle, nervous, epithelial

Proteins that bridge an intercellular space to form a gap junction are called _____.

connexins

A transverse plane 1. is also known as the coronal plane 2. is also known as a horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane 3. divides the body into right and left sections

2 only

What system would the large/small intestine be in?

Digestive

What system would the liver be in?

Digestive

What system would the mouth be in?

Digestive

What system would the rectum/ anus be in?

Digestive

What system would the salivary gland be in?

Digestive

What system would the stomach be in?

Digestive

Connective tissue may contain...

-fibroblasts -plasma cells -macrophages and mast cells

Serous membranes are associated with the...

-pleural cavity -pericardial cavity -abdominal cavity

The word "dorsum" may be used to describe the 1. back of the hand 2. anterior surface of the body 3. top of the foot

1 and 3

When materials are transported across a plasma membrane from low to high concentration, what is needed?

ATP

Epithelial tissues play which important roles in the body?

Absorption, filtration, protection, and secretion

Which of the processes listed below is an active process that requires cellular energy supplied by ATP?

Active transport and endocytosis

The process that results in the destruction of the "webbing" found between the digits of the hand and foot in early human fetal development is called?

Apoptosis

Epithelial tissue contains which of the following characteristics?

Avascular, rapid cell division, and innervated (has its own nerve supply)

The matrix of _____ tissue is rich in calcium and phosphorus.

Bone

The following terms/names - simple squamous; stratified cuboidal and simple columnar - reflect the ________ of epithelial cells.

Both number of layers and shape

Which of the following types of muscular tissue is best associated with contraction of the heart?

Cardiac

What system would arteries be in?

Cardiovascular

What system would blood vessels (veins) be in?

Cardiovascular

What system would the heart be in?

Cardiovascular

Connective tissue consists of three components. The _______ which in turn make the _______ and the ______.

Cells, fibers, ground substance

_____ fibers in the connective tissue matrix make the tissue strong and flexible.

Collagen

Which of the following tissues help "bind and support" body parts?

Connective

The fluid that surrounds the organelles is known as:

Cytosol

What system would the gallbladder be in?

Digestive

Which of the following outlines the order in which information is usually communicated through the parts of a neuron to other cells?

Dendrite, cell body, axon

Which of the following help maintain the selective permeability of a plasma membrane?

Diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and facilitated diffusion

What system would the esophagus be in?

Digestive

The kidney is _____ to the stomach.

Dorsal

What system are glands in?

Endocrine

What system would the hypothalamus be in?

Endocrine

What system would the pancreas be in?

Endocrine and Digestive

What system would the testis/ ovaries be in?

Endocrine and Reproductive

Which of the following tissues make up glands?

Epithelial

The major difference between ______________ tissue and _______________tissue is the percentage of cells to matrix. Use figure below as reference.

Epithelial, connective

T/F? The mediastinum contains the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels.

False

Which of the following is the process by which glucose is transported into cells of the human body?

Facilitated diffusion

T/F? The membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints also secretes a lubricating fluid called serous fluid.

False

T/F? The patellar region is superior to the inguinal region.

False

T/F? A patient suffering from a sinus infection would be treated for a systemic illness.

False

T/F? All cells of the body have at least one nucleus.

False

T/F? Closely packed cells and fibers are characteristic of connective tissue.

False

T/F? Dense connective tissue is termed dense because of the thick consistency of the fluid ground substance.

False

T/F? Goblet cells are specialized columnar epithelial cells with an increased surface area that helps to increase the rate of absorption.

False

T/F? Gross anatomy involves the microscopic study of the structure of tissues.

False

T/F? Intercalated discs bind smooth muscle cells together and also allow for the passage of muscle action potentials between cells.

False

T/F? Most cells are fairly similar in size, shape, and function.

False

T/F? Neuroglia generate and conduct nerve impulses in nervous tissue.

False

T/F? The hypogastric region is lateral to the hypochondriac region.

False

T/F? The lymphatic system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and body tissues.

False

T/F? the diaphragm separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity

False

In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face:

Forward

A cell is recognized as "self" or "non-self" by its?

Glycocalyx

Modifying (a substance) and packaging are best associated with which organelle?

Golgi complex

Name the organelles that contribute to synthesizing protein hormones and package them into secretory vesicles.

Golgi complex

Intracellular fluid would be found ________ the cell, whereas extracellular fluid would be found ________ the cell.

Inside, outside

The membrane covering the outer surface of the heart is a _____ membrane.

serous

Regulatory chemicals produced by endocrine glands are called _____.

Hormones

What system would fingernails/toenails be in?

Integumentary

What system would hair be in?

Integumentary

What system would skin and associated glands (oil glands) be in?

Integumentary

Osteocytes reside in small spaces between lamellae called _____.

Lacunae

In the anatomical position, the thumb is _____ to the index finger.

Lateral

What system would lymph nodes/lymphatic vessels be in?

Lymphatic

What system would red bone marrow be in?

Lymphatic

What system would the spleen be in?

Lymphatic

What system would the thoracic duct be in?

Lymphatic

What system would the thymus be in?

Lymphatic

What system would your tonsils be in?

Lymphatic

__________________ are special sacs within a cell that contain chemicals (enzymes) needed to digest substances taken into the cell.

Lysosomes

The components of the cytoskeleton that help determine cell shape and also function in the transport of organelles are the:

Microtubules

A section through the left eyeball that produces equal right and left portions of the eyeball would be a _____ section of the eyeball.

Midsagittal

The system responsible for movement of limbs, maintenance of posture, and production of heat is the _____ system.

Muscular

What system would skeletal muscle be in?

Muscular

What system would tendons be in?

Muscular

Which of the following tissues has as a distinguishing characteristic, the ability to contract (shorten)?

Muscular

The _____ system enables the body to detect and respond to environmental change through the propagation of impulses.

Nervous

What system would nerves be in?

Nervous

What system would the brain be in?

Nervous

What system would the spinal cord be in?

Nervous

Which type of tissue detects changes in a variety of conditions inside and outside the body?

Nervous

__________ play a very important supporting role for nerve impulse conduction (as opposed to being directly involved in nerve impulse conduction).

Neuroglia

A cell called a(n) _____ consists of a cell body and long cytoplasmic processes called axons and dendrites.

Neuron

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cytosol of cells?

Organelles

A system consists of related _____ that have a common function.

Organs

Osmosis is a type of what?

Passive transport

Organelles that are similar to small lysosomes, contain enzymes, and are important in detoxification are called _____.

Peroxisomes

The basic structural framework of the plasma membrane is primarily made of:

Phospholipids

Which of the following directly regulates the movement of materials into and out of a cell?

Plasma Membrane

What system would the mammary gland be in?

Reproductive (female)

What system would the uterine tube/ uterus be in?

Reproductive (female)

What system would the vagina be in?

Reproductive (female)

What system would the ductus deferens be in?

Reproductive (male)

What system would the epididymis be in?

Reproductive (male)

What system would the penis be in?

Reproductive (male)

What system would the prostate be in?

Reproductive (male)

What system would the seminal vesicle be in?

Reproductive (male)

What system would the bronchus be in?

Respiratory

What system would the larynx be in?

Respiratory

What system would the lungs be in?

Respiratory

What system would the nasal and oral cavity be in?

Respiratory

What system would the trachea be in?

Respiratory

What system would the pharynx be in?

Respiratory and Digestive

Rough endoplasmic reticulum differs from smooth endoplasmic reticulum in that it has _____ associated with it; therefore rough endoplasmic reticulum assists in the production and temporary storage of _____.

Ribosomes, proteins

Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that they...

Secrete products into ducts that empty onto a surface

What system would bones be in?

Skeletal

What system would cartilage be in?

Skeletal

What system would joints be in?

Skeletal

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of tissues comprising the human body?

Skeletal

Which of the following types of muscular tissue is best associated with the movement of our hands and legs?

Skeletal

The cells of _____ muscle have each end of the cell tapered to a point.

Smooth

Which of the following types of muscular tissue is best associated with the movement of food through our gastro-intestinal system?

Smooth

_____ muscle tissue is located within the walls of blood vessels.

Smooth

Which type of human cell contain flagella?

Sperm

Cardiac muscle cells (fibers) have the following anatomical characteristic(s)...

Striations

Which of the following types of membranes secretes fluid that lubricates the cartilage on the ends of bones in movable joints?

Synovial

Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelial membrane (which is actually a combination of epithelial tissue and connective tissue)?

Synovial membrane which lines the inside of a joint capsule

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would NOT be able to

Synthesize proteins

What is a selective barrier that regulates the flow of material into and out of the cell?

The plasma membrane

T/F? Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has one layer of cells.

True

T/F? Serous membranes line cavities of the body that are not open to the external environment.

True

T/F? Stratified epithelium is an effective protective layer because cells in the basal layer reproduce quickly to replace surface cells that are shed.

True

T/F? Stratified squamous epithelium sometimes contains the protein keratin, which makes it tough, hard, and dry.

True

T/F? Tendons and ligaments are examples of dense regular connective tissue.

True

T/F? The antebrachial region is distal to the antecubital region.

True

T/F? The axon in most neurons carries nerve impulses away from the cell body to other cells.

True

T/F? The basic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon.

True

T/F? The body's ability to detect and react to changes in its internal and external environment is referred to as "responsiveness."

True

T/F? The descending colon of the large intestine extends from the left lumbar region into the left iliac region.

True

T/F? The epigastric region is superior to the hypogastric region.

True

T/F? The knee is proximal to the ankle.

True

T/F? The serous membrane associated with the lungs is called the pleural membrane.

True

T/F? the esophagus is located in the mediastinum

True

T/F? the pleural cavities, containing the lungs, are part of the thoracic cavity

True

T/F? the vertebral canal contains the spinal cord

True

What system would the kidneys be in?

Urinary

What system would the ureter/urethra be in?

Urinary

What system would the urinary bladder be in?

Urinary

Which of the following statements about the classification of glandular epithelium is true? a) A simple gland is one that has an unbranched duct. b) All compound glands have acinar secretory portions. c) Unicellular glands are also classed as simple glands. d) Glands with ducts are called tubular glands.

a) A simple gland is one that has an unbranched duct.

Which of the following statements about stratified squamous epithelium is true? a) It consists of two or more layers of cells. b) It has flat cells in all layers. c) Cell division occurs in the superficial layers. d) The surface cells are always keratinized.

a) It consists of two or more layers of cells.

Which of the following is a vascularized tissue? a) adipose tissue b) hyaline cartilage c) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium d) simple cuboidal epithelium

a) adipose tissue

Name the two most specific body cavities that would be sectioned if a transverse plane were passed through the umbilicus.

abdominal and vertebral canal

The large intestine is found in the _____ cavity.

abdominopelvic

In which type of exocrine glands are portions of cells containing secretions pinched off from the main cell body?

apocrine glands

All three types of fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular) are found in what tissues?

areolar connective tissue

Which of the following is a false statement about epithelium? a) Cell junctions are plentiful in epithelial tissue. b) Epithelial tissue is a highly vascular tissue. c) Epithelial cells are replaced continuously by mitosis. d) Epithelial tissues consist of cells arranged in single or multiple layers.

b) Epithelial tissue is a highly vascular tissue.

Cells in connective tissues that retain the capacity for cell division are known as

blasts

The central canal of an osteon contains...

blood vessels and nerves

Which of the following is not related to bone? a) lacunae b) osteocytes c) perichondrium d) lamellae

c) perichondrium

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and contains desmosomes and gap junctions in structures called intercalated discs?

cardiac

Which of the following would take the longest time to heal?

cartilage

What anatomical structure is being described using the following anatomical terms: medial to the ear (otic); lateral to the nose (nasal); inferior to the eye (orbital); and superior to the maxillary (upper) teeth?

cheek (buccal)

The levels of structural organization from least complex to most complex are as follows:

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system

The tissue that contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plasma belongs to which tissue group?

connective tissue

Skeletal muscle fibers (cells) have the following anatomical characteristic(s)... a) numerous nuclei b) striations c) cylindrical unbranched fibers d) all of these choices

d) all of these choices

What factors account for the observation that tissues heal faster and leave less obvious scars in the young than in the aged? a) better nutritional state in the young b) aged tissues have a worse blood supply c) cells have a higher metabolic rate in the young d) all of these choices

d) all of these choices

An epithelial membrane consists of...

epithelium plus connective tissue

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the _____; the hormones then diffuse into the _____. Exocrine gland secretions are released into _____.

extracellular fluid, bloodstream, ducts

T/F? A synovial membrane consists of a thin sheet of epithelial tissue.

false

Dermatan sulfate, proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate can be found in

ground substance of connective tissues

The flexible connective tissue that joins the anterior extremity of a rib to the breast bone (sternum) is...

hyaline cartilage

The nucleus of the cell...

houses most of the cells DNA

The three types of cartilage in the body are _____, _____, and _____.

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

The _____ region of the abdominopelvic cavity contains the rectum and the urinary bladder.

hypogastric

The right iliac region of the abdomen is _____ to the right lumbar region.

inferior

Oil glands are a component of the _____ system.

integumentary

The word that best describes the position of the gallbladder relative to the ascending colon is?

ipsilateral

The spleen is a(n) _____ organ.

lymphatic

Which is the most common type of exocrine gland?

merocrine glands

The four basic types of tissues that make up the human body are...

muscular, nervous, epithelial, connective

The spinal cord is a component of the _____ system.

nervous

The two organ systems that have the primary responsibility for regulating body activities are...

nervous and endocrine

Neuroglia are cells in nervous tissue that

nourish, support, and protect neurons

Most specifically, the heart is located in the...

pericardial cavity

A function of fibroblasts is to...

produce the protein fibers found in the matrix of connective tissue

The larynx belongs to the _____ system.

respiratory

Organs such as the kidneys that are located behind the parietal peritoneum are described as _____ organs.

retroperitoneal

The right lobe of the liver is located in the _____ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

right hypochondriac

A _____ section of the body or organ would reveal its right and left side

sagittal

Microvilli are most likely to be found in which type of tissue?

simple columnar epithelium

Peripherally located nuclei are characteristic of _____ muscle cells.

skeletal

A(n) _____ membrane, consisting of a thin layer of _____ tissue, lines the cavity of a freely movable joint.

synovial, loose connective

An accident report submitted by an officer who is a former anatomy student contains the following statement: "The victim suffered a severe blow to the mental region." This means

the victim was struck on the chin

The ureter belongs to the _____ system.

urinary

The serous membrane on the external surface of the small intestine is the _____.

visceral peritoneum

The membrane covering the outer surface of the lungs is called the _____.

visceral pleura

The _____ pleura lines the external surface of the lungs and the _____ pleura lines the chest wall.

visceral, parietal