KIN 330 Exam 3
Acetabulofemoral joint classification
Enarthrodial
What do higher Q angles mean?
Higher predisposition to a variety of potential knee problems
Ankle joint (Talocrural) classification
Hinge/ginglymus joint
What muscles are primarily involved in eccentric contraction (squat)
Hip and knee extensors
What is unique to the 5th metatarsal?
It is enlarged an prominent to serve as insertion for peroneus brevis & tertius
What is the largest joint in the body?
Knee joint
What muscles are mainly used in hip abduction?
Lateral
Origin for hip abduction
Lateral pelvis
Right lateral rotation results in?
Left lateral flexion of the spine
Origin for hip extensors
Posterior pelvis
What muscles are mainly used in hip adduction?
Medial
What are the two longitudinal arches of the foot?
Medial longitudinal arch and lateral longitudinal arch
Origin for hip adduction
Medial pelvis
What forms cushions between bones and enhances stability?
Menisci
Bursae
More than 10 in & around the knee, absorb shock/prevent friction
How many ligaments in the ankle/foot?
Over 100
Insertion for all 4 quad muscles
Patella
What muscles are mainly used in hip extension?
Posterior
What does the Y-ligament do?
Prevents hyperextension, stabilizes the hip anteriorly
Knee joint classification
Primarily a hinge joint
How many bones in the ankle/foot?
26
After the glenohumeral joint, what is the most mobile joint in the body?
Acetabulofemoral joint
Agonists for hip adduction
Adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis
Muscles of the medial thigh
Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis
What muscles are mainly used in hip flexion?
Anterior
Origin for hip flexors
Anterior pelvis
What are the three compartments of the thigh?
Anterior, posterior, and medial
Patellofemoral joint classification
Arthrodial joint- Strength and endurance are essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability
Plantar fascia
Assists in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch and in propelling the body forward
Agonists for flexed knee internal rotation
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus popliteus
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid (floating) bone
What results in meniscal tears?
Significant compression/rotation/shear force
Knee rotation when leg is bent
Slight internal/external rotation of the knee
Syndesmosis joint
Sprains are common (high ankle sprain)
Tibiofibular joint classification
Sydesmotic amphiarthrodial
Body movement and stability
The body part that moves the most will be the part that is least stabilized
What delineates right and left lateral rotation?
Which side is going DOWN
What role do quadriceps play in jumping?
Work as a decelerator
Posteriorly, the sacrum forms what joint?
Sacroiliac joints
How many large muscles in the ankle/foot?
19
Most common serious injury to the knee
ACL tears (often associated with planting/cutting)
Symphysis pubis joint classification
Amphiarthrodial
Agonists for flexed knee external rotation
Biceps femoris
Why is the hip joint relatively stable?
Bony architecture, strong ligaments, large supportive muscles
Q angle
Central line of pull for entire quads run from ASIS to the center of the patella, line of pull of patella tendon runs from center of patella to center of tibial tuberosity.
Plantar fasciitis
Common painful condition involving plantar fascia
Tibial/medial collateral ligament
Commonly injured, particularly in contact/collision sports
Transverse arch
Extends across the foot from the 1st to the 5th metatarsals
Medial longitudinal arch
Extends from calcaneus bone to talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, and proximal ends of 3 medial metatarsals
Lateral longitudinal arch
Extends from calcaneus to cuboid and proximal ends of 4th & 5th metatarsals
Hamstring muscle strains
Extremely common
Which leg bone is not a part of the knee joint
Fibula
Greater range of dorsiflexion when knee is? (Flexed or extended)
Flexed
In the downward phase of a squat, what movement occurs at the hips and knees
Flexion
Knee joint proper classification
Ginglymus joint
Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints classification
Gliding or arthrodial joint
Agonists for hip extension
Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, external rotators
Hip external rotation agonists
Gluteus maximus, six deep external rotators
Agonists for hip abduction
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, external rotators, tensor fasciae latae
Hip internal rotation agonists
Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae
Agonists for knee flexion
Hamstrings group
Examples of biarticular (two-joint) joints
Hamstrings, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius
Muscles of the posterior thigh
Hamstrings: Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
What muscles make up the iliac region?
Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor
Agonists for hip flexion
Iliopsoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, sartorius
What structure provides static stability?
Ligaments
What structure provides dynamic stability?
Muscles
Knee rotation at full leg extension
Non-existant
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Not often injured
What are the six deep external rotators?
Piriformus, obturator externes, obturator internus, gamelles superior, gamelles inferior, quadratus femoris
Insertion for remaining hip muscles
Proximal tibia/fibula
Agonists for knee extension
Quadriceps group
Muscles of the anterior thigh
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, sartorius
Left lateral rotation results in?
Right lateral flexion of the spine
Where does inversion and eversion of the foot take place?
Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
Which bone bears the weight in the lower leg
Tibia
Ankle sprains
Very common injury