KIN 330 Exam 3

Acetabulofemoral joint classification

Enarthrodial

What do higher Q angles mean?

Higher predisposition to a variety of potential knee problems

Ankle joint (Talocrural) classification

Hinge/ginglymus joint

What muscles are primarily involved in eccentric contraction (squat)

Hip and knee extensors

What is unique to the 5th metatarsal?

It is enlarged an prominent to serve as insertion for peroneus brevis & tertius

What is the largest joint in the body?

Knee joint

What muscles are mainly used in hip abduction?

Lateral

Origin for hip abduction

Lateral pelvis

Right lateral rotation results in?

Left lateral flexion of the spine

Origin for hip extensors

Posterior pelvis

What muscles are mainly used in hip adduction?

Medial

What are the two longitudinal arches of the foot?

Medial longitudinal arch and lateral longitudinal arch

Origin for hip adduction

Medial pelvis

What forms cushions between bones and enhances stability?

Menisci

Bursae

More than 10 in & around the knee, absorb shock/prevent friction

How many ligaments in the ankle/foot?

Over 100

Insertion for all 4 quad muscles

Patella

What muscles are mainly used in hip extension?

Posterior

What does the Y-ligament do?

Prevents hyperextension, stabilizes the hip anteriorly

Knee joint classification

Primarily a hinge joint

How many bones in the ankle/foot?

26

After the glenohumeral joint, what is the most mobile joint in the body?

Acetabulofemoral joint

Agonists for hip adduction

Adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, gracilis

Muscles of the medial thigh

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis

What muscles are mainly used in hip flexion?

Anterior

Origin for hip flexors

Anterior pelvis

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

Anterior, posterior, and medial

Patellofemoral joint classification

Arthrodial joint- Strength and endurance are essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability

Plantar fascia

Assists in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch and in propelling the body forward

Agonists for flexed knee internal rotation

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus popliteus

What type of bone is the patella?

Sesamoid (floating) bone

What results in meniscal tears?

Significant compression/rotation/shear force

Knee rotation when leg is bent

Slight internal/external rotation of the knee

Syndesmosis joint

Sprains are common (high ankle sprain)

Tibiofibular joint classification

Sydesmotic amphiarthrodial

Body movement and stability

The body part that moves the most will be the part that is least stabilized

What delineates right and left lateral rotation?

Which side is going DOWN

What role do quadriceps play in jumping?

Work as a decelerator

Posteriorly, the sacrum forms what joint?

Sacroiliac joints

How many large muscles in the ankle/foot?

19

Most common serious injury to the knee

ACL tears (often associated with planting/cutting)

Symphysis pubis joint classification

Amphiarthrodial

Agonists for flexed knee external rotation

Biceps femoris

Why is the hip joint relatively stable?

Bony architecture, strong ligaments, large supportive muscles

Q angle

Central line of pull for entire quads run from ASIS to the center of the patella, line of pull of patella tendon runs from center of patella to center of tibial tuberosity.

Plantar fasciitis

Common painful condition involving plantar fascia

Tibial/medial collateral ligament

Commonly injured, particularly in contact/collision sports

Transverse arch

Extends across the foot from the 1st to the 5th metatarsals

Medial longitudinal arch

Extends from calcaneus bone to talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, and proximal ends of 3 medial metatarsals

Lateral longitudinal arch

Extends from calcaneus to cuboid and proximal ends of 4th & 5th metatarsals

Hamstring muscle strains

Extremely common

Which leg bone is not a part of the knee joint

Fibula

Greater range of dorsiflexion when knee is? (Flexed or extended)

Flexed

In the downward phase of a squat, what movement occurs at the hips and knees

Flexion

Knee joint proper classification

Ginglymus joint

Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints classification

Gliding or arthrodial joint

Agonists for hip extension

Gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, external rotators

Hip external rotation agonists

Gluteus maximus, six deep external rotators

Agonists for hip abduction

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, external rotators, tensor fasciae latae

Hip internal rotation agonists

Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae

Agonists for knee flexion

Hamstrings group

Examples of biarticular (two-joint) joints

Hamstrings, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius

Muscles of the posterior thigh

Hamstrings: Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

What muscles make up the iliac region?

Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor

Agonists for hip flexion

Iliopsoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, sartorius

What structure provides static stability?

Ligaments

What structure provides dynamic stability?

Muscles

Knee rotation at full leg extension

Non-existant

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Not often injured

What are the six deep external rotators?

Piriformus, obturator externes, obturator internus, gamelles superior, gamelles inferior, quadratus femoris

Insertion for remaining hip muscles

Proximal tibia/fibula

Agonists for knee extension

Quadriceps group

Muscles of the anterior thigh

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, sartorius

Left lateral rotation results in?

Right lateral flexion of the spine

Where does inversion and eversion of the foot take place?

Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints

Which bone bears the weight in the lower leg

Tibia

Ankle sprains

Very common injury