kin selection theory and inclusive fitness

nowak 2010

CRITIQUE OF TRIVERS AND HARE 1976 . - FOUND THEY WERE DIPLODIPLOID

Haldane 1932

suggested group fitness was used when gene frequency was high and individual disadvantage low compared to group avg

Hamilton 1963

-worked to find genetic basis of social behaviours (like altruism) -inclusive fitness - number of offspring equivalents that an individual rears/rescues/supports through behaviour

sherman 1977

alarm calls in Beldings group squirrels = nepotistic (favouritism based on kinship) - alarm calls warn them, but could alert predator to own location - more likely to call if they have more kin (better for lots of kids to survive than just them, if less kids maybe they are more valuable for future repro than that one child) - females more likely to help full sisters than half

hamilton 1964

applications of inclusive fitness - parental care - asymmetry between parent-offspring and sibling relationships - parents can do more for offspring than siblings can for each other

direct and indirect fitness

direct = individuals own fitness indirect = all influenceon kins repro success x r (better if r = bigger = closer)

kin selection theory

favours repro success of relatives (the closer the better) even if a cost to them

Trivers and Hare 1976

haplodiploidy in hymenoptera - females = fert egg and are haploid - males = unfert egg and are diploid

lorenz 1935

imprinting - goslings saw him first, imprint and follow

coefficient of relatedness (r)

probability of sharing an allele by common descent

HAMILTONS RULE

rB>C (act is favoured by selection if follows this rule)

Hamilton 1963 -flashcard

ultimately genes spread in behav is beneficial to gene - gene causing altruistic behav to full siblings will only be selected if gain is more than 2x the cost (sibling r = 0.5 - must be double to make worthwhile for individual

Krakauer 2005

wild turkeys form groups and displays for one to copulate with female - 2-4 court females and defend against other males - kin selection as doms and subs shows relatedness - sub turkeys strongly related (0.42 avg = brother?) ---better chance to pass on genes via dom than fend for self and compete -questions --would dom be successful alone? --turkeys repro asexually? --do sub males have poorer fertility --bigger sample could help