kin selection theory and inclusive fitness
nowak 2010
CRITIQUE OF TRIVERS AND HARE 1976 . - FOUND THEY WERE DIPLODIPLOID
Haldane 1932
suggested group fitness was used when gene frequency was high and individual disadvantage low compared to group avg
Hamilton 1963
-worked to find genetic basis of social behaviours (like altruism) -inclusive fitness - number of offspring equivalents that an individual rears/rescues/supports through behaviour
sherman 1977
alarm calls in Beldings group squirrels = nepotistic (favouritism based on kinship) - alarm calls warn them, but could alert predator to own location - more likely to call if they have more kin (better for lots of kids to survive than just them, if less kids maybe they are more valuable for future repro than that one child) - females more likely to help full sisters than half
hamilton 1964
applications of inclusive fitness - parental care - asymmetry between parent-offspring and sibling relationships - parents can do more for offspring than siblings can for each other
direct and indirect fitness
direct = individuals own fitness indirect = all influenceon kins repro success x r (better if r = bigger = closer)
kin selection theory
favours repro success of relatives (the closer the better) even if a cost to them
Trivers and Hare 1976
haplodiploidy in hymenoptera - females = fert egg and are haploid - males = unfert egg and are diploid
lorenz 1935
imprinting - goslings saw him first, imprint and follow
coefficient of relatedness (r)
probability of sharing an allele by common descent
HAMILTONS RULE
rB>C (act is favoured by selection if follows this rule)
Hamilton 1963 -flashcard
ultimately genes spread in behav is beneficial to gene - gene causing altruistic behav to full siblings will only be selected if gain is more than 2x the cost (sibling r = 0.5 - must be double to make worthwhile for individual
Krakauer 2005
wild turkeys form groups and displays for one to copulate with female - 2-4 court females and defend against other males - kin selection as doms and subs shows relatedness - sub turkeys strongly related (0.42 avg = brother?) ---better chance to pass on genes via dom than fend for self and compete -questions --would dom be successful alone? --turkeys repro asexually? --do sub males have poorer fertility --bigger sample could help