KINE 250 Midterm Modules

Sleepwalking sometimes occurs during NREM stage 4. NREM stage 1. NREM stage 2. NREM stage 3.

a) NREM stage 4

Stimulants act by increasing the activity of the a) central nervous system. b) autonomic nervous system. c) parasympathetic nervous system. d) peripheral nervous system.

a) central nervous system.

Acts of omission or commission that cause harm or potential harm to a child are all forms of __________. a) child maltreatment b) child abuse c) child custody programs d) child neglect

a) child maltreatment

Diaphragms a) create a physical and chemical barrier to sperm. b) must be removed within two hours following intercourse. c) have a low effectiveness rate. d) are effective even without spermicides.

a) create a physical and chemical barrier to sperm.

The process by which addicts get an addictive substance out of their system as part of ending their dependence on it is a) detoxification. b) intervention. c) resistance. d) confrontation.

a) detoxification.

Excessive use of any drug (legal or illegal) constitutes __________. a) drug abuse b) drug addiction c) drug tolerance d) drug misuse

a) drug abuse

Research has shown that laughter results in all of the following EXCEPT a) increased risk of heart disease. b) decreased stress levels. c) increased levels of oxygen in the blood. d) pain reduction.

a) increased risk of heart disease.

Smoking contributes to heart disease by all of the following ways EXCEPT __________. a) increasing blood pressure b) contributing to platelet adhesiveness, which is associated with blood clots c) decreasing oxygen levels supplied to the heart d) decreasing blood levels of high-density lipoproteins

a) increasing blood pressure

The most common sleep disorder is insomnia. narcolepsy. sleep apnea. sleepwalking.

a) insomnia

Chad puts himself down all the time. He is often negative and has no confidence in his ability to successfully complete tasks. Chad is demonstrating __________. a) low self-esteem b) extraversion c) high self-efficacy d) clinical depression

a) low self-esteem

Which of the following circumstances can cause a miscarriage? a) maternal infection or hormone imbalance b) too much caffeine c) consuming a vegetarian diet d) having a strong cervix

a) maternal infection or hormone imbalance

In any behavior change plan, stumbling blocks are possible. Which of the following can become barriers to behavior change? a) overambitious goals b) having support from family and friends c) self-efficacy d) having a positive attitude

a) overambitious goals

Factors affecting alcohol absorption include all of the following EXCEPT a) the time of day the alcohol is consumed. b) the drinker's weight and body mass. c) the drinker's mood. d) the type of drink.

a) the time of day the alcohol is consumed.

A dysfunctional family is defined as a family in which a) there is violence; physical, emotional, or sexual abuse; significant discord; or other negative family interactions. b) one or both parents intentionally attempt to undermine children's sense of self-confidence. c) the physical or mental illness of one or more family members frequently overwhelms the family's capacity to cope. d) one or both parents engage in illicit drug use or other criminal behavior.

a) there is violence; physical, emotional, or sexual abuse; significant discord; or other negative family interactions.

Rape that involves a stranger is classified as simple rape. sexual assault. aggravated rape. sexual harassment.

aggravated rape

If a man and a woman drink the same amount of alcohol, the woman's blood alcohol concentration (BAC) will be approximately __________. a) the same as the man's b) 30 percent higher than the man's c) 20 percent high than the man's d) 30 percent lower than the man's

b) 30 percent higher than the man's

All of the following accurately describe the definition of one standard drink EXCEPT __________. a) 1.5 ounces of 40 percent liquor b) 5 ounces of 80-proof liquor c) 5 ounces of 12 percent wine d) 12 ounces of 5 percent beer

b) 5 ounces of 80-proof liquor

What percentage of sexual violence involves an offender who was a family member, intimate partner, friend, or an acquaintance of the victim? a) 62% b) 78% c) 86% d) 68%

b) 78%

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning an individual's emotional health? a) An emotionally healthy person responds appropriately to upsetting events most of the time. b) An emotionally healthy person keeps feelings inside to avoid burdening others. c) Emotional health interacts with other aspects of an individual's health. d) Emotional trauma can affect a student's academic performance.

b) An emotionally healthy person keeps feelings inside to avoid burdening others

Which of the following is NOT true about male condoms? a) They are reliable against pregnancy when used consistently. b) They can be used with baby oil and body lotions as lubricants. c) They help prevent the spread of some sexually transmitted infections. d) They can be purchased with a spermicide.

b) They can be used with baby oil and body lotions as lubricants.

Psychoactive drugs have which type of effect on the body? a) They depress or slow all body functions. b) They enhance, suppress, or interfere with the actions of neurotransmitters. c) They speed up energy metabolism and body movements. d) They potentiate the effect of other drugs on the nervous system.

b) They enhance, suppress, or interfere with the actions of neurotransmitters.

The number one mental health problem in the United States is __________. a) depression b) anxiety disorders c) obsessive-compulsive disorders d) personality disorders

b) anxiety disorders

Which of the following is a social contributor to sexual violence? a) overdramatization of the situation b) blaming the victim c) showing compassion for victims d) women sharing in the planning and cost of dates

b) blaming the victim

Women who use oral contraceptives and also smoke are at a higher risk of a) pneumonia and lung cancer. b) blood clots and hypertension. c) weight gain. d) pregnancy.

b) blood clots and hypertension.

Which of the following should a rape victim do immediately after the attack? a) bathe or shower to remove the bacteria and prevent infection b) call 911 to report the attack c) wash or discard the clothing worn during the attack d) call a friend and go to his/her house

b) call 911 to report the attack

Stress has been associated with increased blood pressure and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for a) blood cancers such as leukemia. b) cardiovascular disease. c) mood disorders. d) insomnia.

b) cardiovascular disease.

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a(n) activity reinforcer. consumable reinforcer. social reinforcer. manipulative reinforcer.

b) consumable reinforcer

The process of freeing the body from an addictive substance is known as a) mainlining. b) detoxification. c) rehabilitation. d) counseling.

b) detoxification.

The use of force to control and maintain power over another person in the home environment is known as __________. a) stalking b) domestic violence c) terrorism d) hate crime

b) domestic violence

The intoxicating substance in beer, wine, and liquor is __________. a) methanol b) ethanol c) phenol d) isopropyl alcohol

b) ehtanol

The primary hormone responsible for stress-related physiological responses, such as an increase in heart rate, is __________. a) leptin b) epinephrine c) ACTH d) cortisol

b) epinephrine

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? a) dissociation b) excessive sleeping c) acute anxiety d) flashbacks

b) excessive sleeping

Which of the following characteristics of a Type A personality is the most detrimental to health? a) perfectionism b) hostility c) competitiveness d) drive to achieve

b) hostility

You just found out that you have a test tomorrow, and you don't know how you're going to find time to study. Which part of the brain determines your reaction to this stressor? a) adrenal glands b) hypothalamus c) cerebral cortex d) pituitary gland

b) hypothalamus

Campus law enforcement officers now have a) the ability to enforce laws in classrooms but not in student living quarters. b) more staff and increased authority to prosecute offenders. c) been relieved of the responsibility for emergency responses. d) increased authority to carry weapons.

b) more staff and increased authority to prosecute offenders.

Marijuana today is a) not subject to state or federal drug laws. b) much more potent than it was in the 1960s. c) less of a health risk than it used to be. d) not able to be orally ingested.

b) much more potent than it was in the 1960s.

The psychoactive drug mescaline is obtained from which plant? a) mushrooms b) peyote cactus c) marijuana d) poppy

b) peyote cactus

Which dimension of health includes characteristics such as body size and function? a) social b) physical c) spiritual d) emotionala

b) physical

Stress inoculation refers to reducing your level of stress by __________. a) utilizing therapy b) preparing ahead of time for stressful events c) meditating d) downshifting

b) preparing ahead of time for stressful events

Which branch of science investigates the relationship between stress and the nervous and immune systems? a) immunocompetency b) psychoneuroimmuniology c) adaptive immunology d) allostatic immunology

b) psychoneuroimmuniology

Someone with a social phobia is afraid of __________. a) high places b) public gatherings c) driving at night d) spiders

b) public gatherings

Drugs in suppository form are absorbed into the bloodstream through the __________. a) skin b) rectal or vaginal walls c) lungs d) mouth

b) rectal or vaginal walls

After Julia discovers the suggestive e-mail her boyfriend sent to another woman, she considers how to confront him about it. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation? alarm resistance exhaustion denial

b) resistance

An individual's belief that s/he is capable of performing a task successfully is the quality known as ________. a) self-esteem b) self-efficacy c) self-awareness d) the ability to focus

b) self-efficacy

Anger can develop in response to all of the following, EXCEPT a __________. a) perceived threat b) sense of safety and well-being c) reaction to injustice d) series of minor frustrations

b) sense of safety and well-being

Which of the following is NOT part of the cycle of intimate partner violence? a) aggravated rape b) sexual assault c) sexual penetration d) sexual harassment

b) sexual assault

Eating food when drinking alcohol a) decreases the absorption of nutrients in food. b) slows alcohol absorption. c) increases the absorption of nutrients in food. d) speeds up alcohol absorption.

b) slows alcohol absorption.

The degree and nature of interpersonal contacts is known as __________. a) social support b) social bonds c) spiritual health d) communication ability

b) social bonds

When Marta's sister gives her affectionate hugs and praises her for her accomplishments, this is an example of which type of positive reinforcer? a) consumable reinforcer b) social reinforcer c) manipulative reinforcer d) activity reinforcer

b) social reinforcer

All of the choices are warning signs of suicide EXCEPT __________. a) expressions of self-hatred b) stable personality and increased libido c) sudden change in behavior d) change in sleep patterns

b) stable personality and increased libido

During which stage of sleep does a person disengage from the environment? 1 2 3 4

b) stage 2

A drug-created effect in which sensory messages are incorrectly assigned, such as "hearing" a taste or "smelling" a sound is called _______. a) paranoia b) synesthesia c) euphoria d) derilium

b) synesthesia

A rise in a woman's basal body temperature signals a) that fertilization has occurred. b) that ovulation has occurred. c) the end of the current menstrual period. d) the beginning of the menstrual cycle.

b) that ovulation has occurred.

When a pregnant woman's water breaks, what is actually happening is that a) the placental barrier breaks. b) the amniotic sac breaks c) the baby enters the birth canal. d) the cervix dilates.

b) the amniotic sac breaks

The word health is often used to mean the same as ________. a) fitness b) wellness c) mortality d) life expectancy

b) wellness

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of self-rewarding. self-talk. blocking and stopping. positive reinforcement.

blocking and stopping

How many million people reported driving under the influence of illicit drugs in the past year? a) 7.2 million b) 4.5 million c) 9.4 million d) 10.6 milllion

c) 9.4 million

What percentage of adults who smoke started by the age of 21? a) 50 percent b) 62 percent c) 90 percent d) 39 percent

c) 90 percent

Which personality type tends to be introverted, eager to please, and compliant? a) Type A b) Type B c) Type C d) Type D

c) Type C

All of the choices display traits of people who are psychologically healthy EXCEPT __________. a) John and Malia, who have adapted well to the demands of a new baby b) Pauline, who loves meeting people from different cultural backgrounds c) Vernell, who is convinced that his coworkers want to see him fired d) Lola, who loves going out with friends and dancing

c) Vernell, who is convinced that his coworkers want to see him fired

A bias-motivated crime is a) a crime that was not reported to the police. b) a crime committed by a stranger. c) a hate crime. d) intimate partner abuse.

c) a hate crime

Transdermal drug administration means that a drug is __________. a) inhaled b) injected into a vein c) absorbed through the skin d) placed under the tongue

c) absorbed into the skin

Jesse regards walking outdoors with a friend as a sociable and relaxing activity. How she thinks about this activity is her ______. a) value b) habit c) belief d) behavior

c) belief

When Amanda goes out on the weekends, she usually has four to five beers in a short period of time. This type of high-risk behavior is known as __________. a) alcoholic addiction b) overconsumption c) binge drinking d) alcohol tolerance

c) binge drinking

The most common perpetrators in child maltreatment cases are __________. a) step-parents b) close relatives c) biological parents d) paid caregivers

c) biological parents

The most dangerous gas inhaled with each puff of a cigarette is __________. a) benzopyrene b) phenol c) carbon monoxide d) carbion dioxide

c) carbon monoxide

What is the leading cause of death and disability in American today? a) accidents b) suicide c) chronic diseases d) homicide

c) chronic diseases

All of the choices are acts of sexual assault EXCEPT __________. a) physical intimacy b) forceful penetration c) consensual acts among adults d) simple touching

c) consensual acts among adults

Successful community strategies for preventing violence include all of the following EXCEPT a) improving community-based support and treatment for victims. b) promoting tolerance and acceptance. c) discouraging family planning programs. d) helping community members develop self-esteem.

c) discouraging family planning programs.

When drugs activate the brain's pleasure circuit, what neurotransmitter is involved? a) ketamine b) melamine c) dopamine d) amphetamine

c) dopamine

A chronic lung disease caused by smoking in which the tiny air sacs in the lungs are destroyed, making breathing difficult, is __________. a) alveoli b) pneumonia c) emphysema d) chronic bronchitis

c) emphysema

When we perceive danger or experience stress, which response occurs in the body? a) Resistance b) adaptation c) flight-or-fight d) ehaustion

c) fight-or-flight

The effects of nicotine include __________. a) slowing adrenal gland functions b) dilating blood vessels c) increasing heart rate and respiratory rates d) depressing the central nervous system

c) increasing heart rate and respiratory rates

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers is an example of a(n) social reinforcer. activity reinforcer. manipulative reinforcer. possessional reinforcer.

c) manipulative reinforcer

The illicit drug most commonly used in the United States is __________. a) methamphetamines b) LSD c) marijuana d) heroin

c) marijuana

The thinking aspect of psychological health is known as __________. a) spiritual health b) social health c) mental health d) emotional health

c) mental health

All of the following drugs are used to treat opioid addiction EXCEPT a) naltrexone (Trexan). b) buprenorphine (Temgesic). c) methamphetamine. d) methadone.

c) methamphetamine.

Which term describes the use of a drug for a purpose for which it was not intended? a) addiction b) abuse c) misuse d) tolerance

c) misuse

All of the choices are traits of a psychologically healthy person EXCEPT __________. a) agreeableness b) conscientiousness c) narcissism d) emotional stability

c) narcissism

Chemicals that relay messages (impulses) from one nerve cell to another or to other cells are __________. a) enzymes b) synapses c) nuerotransmitters d) anatohnistics

c) neurotransmitters

Mortality rate is defined as the __________. a) expected number of years of life at a given age b) expected number of years of full health remaining at a given age c) proportion of deaths to population d) proportion of preventable differences in health outcomes

c) proportion of deaths to population

The licensed mental health professional who is authorized to prescribe medications is a __________. a) clinical psychologist b) social worker c) psychiatrist d) school counselor

c) psychiatrist

Andre is a person with a sense of control, commitment, and enthusiasm for embracing challenges. These traits indicate that he has __________. a) a need to downshift b) a Type A personality c) psychological hardiness d) a tendency toward overload

c) psychological hardiness

Exercise reduces stress by __________. a) suppressing immune function b) decreasing energy c) raising levels of endorphins d) improving aerobic capacity

c) raising levels of endorphins

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the __________. a) concentration of alcohol in an alcoholic beverage b) total volume of alcohol in the blood c) ratio of alcohol to total blood volume d) concentration of plant sugars in the bloodstream

c) ratio of alcohol to total blood volume

A growing risk of violent incidents on college campuses has caused colleges to respond by a) decreasing ways to notify students and faculty of immediate risk. b) doing more extensive background checks on students and faculty. c) revising prevention and emergency response strategies. d) enacting more restrictive admissions policies.

c) revising prevention and emergency response strategies.

Dave believes that he can successfully engage in and complete specific tasks, such as writing a research paper, that will earn him a good grade. This trait is known as __________. a) self-actualization b) self-esteem c) self-efficacy d) self-control

c) self-efficacy

Any form of unwanted sexual attention is considered __________. a) sexual victimization b) sexual assault c) sexual harassment d) rape

c) sexual harassment

Sleep-deprived individuals may be at greater risk of overweight and obesity because a) sleeping less is associated with exercising more. b) sleeping less is associated with earning more. c) sleeping less is associated with eating more. d) sleeping less is associated with smoking more.

c) sleeping less is associated with eating more.

Which of the following is considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the twentieth century? a) the war on drugs b) obesity control c) vaccinations d) increased number of pharmaceuticals

c) vaccinations

Downshifting involves making changes in one's life to slow the pace and reduce pressures; this process is also known as __________. a) stress management b) relocation c) voluntary simplicity d) general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

c) voluntary simplicity

Which of the following lubricants is safe to use with a condom? baby oil contraceptive foam petroleum jelly hand lotion

contraceptive foam

Tobacco smoking and the high blood pressure it often causes are responsible for how many deaths in the US each year? a) 1 in 10 b) 1 in 15 c) 1 in 20 d) 1 in 5

d) 1 in 5

Which of the following is TRUE about emergency contraceptive pills? a) All brands require a prescription and are subject to age restrictions. b) They will cause an abortion if the woman is already pregnant. c) They are 100 percent effective if taken 2 to 5 days after unprotected intercourse. d) Multiple brands are available over-the-counter with no age restrictions.

d) Multiple brands are available over-the-counter with no age restrictions.

Which of the following situations might contribute to impaired immune function? a) You have a fairly calm demeanor and life rarely "stresses you out." b) You keep changing the diet, vitamin, and exercise regimen you follow to see faster results. c) You purchase a new car when you get your first job offer. d) Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to a stroke.

d) Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to a stroke.

Gestational surrogacy occurs when a) a woman uses artificial insemination. b) a couple adopts a child. c) a couple raise another person's child through the foster system. d) a woman carries another woman's and man's embryo to term.

d) a woman carries another woman's and man's embryo to term.

Characteristics of alcohol poisoning include all of the following EXCEPT __________. a) a weak, rapid pulse b) an inability to be awakened c) unusual or irregular breathing d) a yellowish tint to the skin

d) a yellowish tint to the skin

All of the following contribute to health disparities in America EXCEPT __________. a) race and ethnicity b) inadequate health insurance c) sexual orientation d) access to the internet

d) access to the internet

After being exposed to a crisis, the body tries to return to homeostasis. This is referred to as a(n) __________. a) overload b) reactive response c) challenge d) adaptive response

d) adaptive response

Which of the following is a person who has suffered psychological aggression in an intimate relationship likely to experience? a) depression b) irritable bowel syndrome c) sleep difficulties d) all options are correct

d) all options are correct

Dante's friends are all active and enjoy various forms of exercise such as hiking, bike-riding, and going to the gym. As a result, he exercises more than he used to. This is an example of _________. a) a predisposing factor b) a reinforcing factor c) a confirming factor d) an enabling factor

d) an enabling factor

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of major depression? a) diminished/increased appetite b) feeling of sadness or despair c) fatigue and difficulty concentrating d) an increase in energy

d) an increase in energy

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n) a) analysis. b) attitude. c) motivation. d) belief.

d) belief

A stress-management technique that involves using equipment to monitor physical responses to stress and learning to control those responses is __________. a) hypnosis b) tai chi c) visualization d) biofeedback

d) biofeedback

Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands to allow the body to make energy more readily available from stored nutrients? a) epinephrine b) melatonin c) ACTH d) cortisol

d) cortisol

An individual who knowingly tries to protect an addict from natural consequences of his or her destructive behavior is __________. a) intervening b) sheltering c) encouraging d) enabling

d) enabling

Violence directed at members of a particular cultural or racial group is known as __________. a) IPV b) terrorism c) domestic violence d) ethnoviolence

d) ethnoviolence

All of the choices are risks associated with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) EXCEPT __________. a) exposure to 2 times more tar and nicotine b) exposure to 5 times more carbon monoxide c) increase in likelihood of having coronary heart disease d) exposure to less than 5 cancer-causing agents

d) exposure to less than 5 cancer-causing agents

Which of the following is NOT a safe cycling strategy? a) wearing a helmet b) using proper hand signals c) wearing reflective clothing after dark d) riding against the flow of traffic

d) riding against the flow of traffic

When you feel groggy and disoriented after a long nap, you are experiencing sleep apnea. narcolepsy. insomnia. sleep inertia.

d) sleep inertia

After being exposed to a crisis, the body tries to return to homeostasis. This is referred to as a(n) __________.

homeostasis

The surgical procedure that involves removal of the uterus is a(n) vasectomy. hysterectomy. tubal ligation. endoscopy.

hysterectomy.

Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals? athletic imagery coaching vicarious performance imagined rehearsal

imagined rehearsal

What percentage of college students report having abused prescription painkillers such as codeine, vicodin, and oxycontin in the past year? a) just over 15 percent b) just over 6 percent c) just over 20 percent d) just over 10 percent

just over 6 percent

The perceived source and underlying cause of events in a person's life is that individual's ______________________. a) precontemplation b) locus of control c) nonmodifiable determinant d)cue to action

locus of control

Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit yourself is an example of modeling. envy. conforming. shaping.

modeling

A type of depression that occurs most often during the winter months is known as __________.

seasonal affective disorder

T/F: Sometimes expressing anger assertively can be healthful.

true

One in how many men have been victims of intimate partner violence in the form of rape, stalking, or physical violence in their lifetime?

10

What percentage of older men with moderate-to-high levels of stress in their lives over the years have an increased risk of death?

50%

What percentage of the U.S. drinking population are infrequent, light, or moderate drinkers? a) 10 percent b) 90 percent c) 39 percent d) 61 percent

90 percent

The two leading causes of death among the overall US population are a) heart disease and cancer b) cancer and strokes c) heart disease and respiratory disease d)cancer and accidents

A) heart disease and cancer

Which form of birth control is injected every three months to remain effective? Depo-Provera Xulane NuvaRing Mirena

Depo-Provera

T/F: Differences in political beliefs do not appear to be a factor that contributes to violence.

False

T/F: Excessive drug and alcohol consumption and poor sleep habits are the primary modifiable determinants related to chronic diseases.

False

T/F: Multitasking is an effective time-management strategy.

False

T/F: Naps are most effective for improving alertness if they are longer than 30 minutes.

False

T/F: People with high levels of stress are less likely to develop upper respiratory infections.

False

T/F: Psychological dependence, which involves feelings of well-being or euphoria, is completely separate from physiological dependence on a substance.

False

T/F: The term social health is often used interchangeably with mental health.

False

The depressant effect of alcohol becomes apparent at a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of __________. a) .10 percent b) .08 percent c) .05 percent d) .12 percent

a) .10 percent

Which of the following is an example of a process addiction? a) compulsive gambling b) regular Internet use c) alcoholism d) a disciplined exercise routine

a) compulsive gambling

The fertilization of an ovum by a sperm is a) conception. b) implantation. c) ovulation. d) contraception.

a) conception.

Jordan was in a relationship that she recently ended when she found out that her partner was cheating on her. She is probably experiencing __________. a) distress b) exhaustion c) eustress d) frustration

a) distress

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of addiction? a) habitual behavior b) negative consequences c) loss of control d) denial

a) habitual behavior

According to the transtheoretical model, a person in the precontemplation stage a) has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change. b) is aware of the problem and is already taking action to implement change. c) is aware of the problem and is making preparations for change. d) is aware of the problem but is greatly afraid of change.

a) has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change.

Differences in health conditions among specific populations are Differences in health conditions among specific populations are a) health disparities. b) health promotions. c) risk behaviors. d) medical treatments.

a) health disparities

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to a) improve health-related quality of life and years of life for all Americans. b) update FDA regulations on the manufacture and sale of drugs in the United States. c) increase payments to doctors who serve Medicaid and Medicare patients. d) extend health insurance coverage to millions more Americans.

a) improve health-related quality of life and years of life for all Americans.

Which of the following statements about cocaine is NOT true? a) it can cause drowsiness, depression, and loss of appetite b) it is a powerful stimulant c) when snorted, it can damage the mucous membranes d) a cheap and widely available form of cocaine that can be smoked is known as "crack"

a) it can cause drowsiness, depression, and loss of appetite

Seligman's principle that individuals can teach themselves to keep a positive outlook even when facing negative circumstances is __________. a) learned optimism b) repeated affirmations c) learned helplessness d) behavioral thinking

a) learned helplessness

Alcohol is metabolized where in the body? a) liver b) stomach c) colon d) kidneys

a) liver

The most common cause of female infertility in the United States is a) polycystic ovary syndrome. b) gonorrhea. c) pelvic inflammatory disease. d) endometriosis.

a) polycystic ovary syndrome.

Societal attitudes that contribute to sexual violence include __________. a) pressure on men to act "macho" through aggressive behavior b) fashion trends that favor revealing clothing for young women c) pressure on women to be part of a committed relationship d) lack of stigma attached to substance abuse rehabilitation programs

a) pressure on men to act "macho" through aggressive behavior

Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of the Healthy People 2020 initiative? a) promoting better quality of life for infants and children only b) achieving health equity c) creating a physical environment that promotes health d) creating a social environment that promotes health

a) promoting better quality of life for infants and children only

A view of health that sees the development of disease as resulting from an individual's interaction with his or her social and physical environment is the __________. a) public health model b) medical model c) scientific model d) biological model

a) public health model

Which of the following is NOT an example of drug misuse? a) regular use of increasing amounts of cocaine to get high b) Taking a friend's prescription medication to treat a migraine c)Taking an over-the-counter medication more often than is recommended d) Not following the instructions when taking a prescription medication

a) regular use of increasing amounts of cocaine to get high

Actions that increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes are known as __________. a) risk behaviors b) health disparities c) barriers d) predisposing factors

a) risk behaviors

All of the choices are signs of addiction EXCEPT __________. a) a sense of control b) denial c) compulsion d) negative consequences

a) sense of control

Eating food when drinking alcohol __________. a) slows the absorption of alcohol b) usually causes digestive problems c) slows the absorption of nutrients d) increases the absorption of alcohol

a) slows the absorption of alcohol

A pop quiz in class is an example of a stressor. eustress. chronic stress. a frustration.

a) stressor

All of the following are components of "SMART" EXCEPT __________. a) superficial b) time-oriented c) measurable d) realistic

a) superficial

Which of the following is a strategy to enhance happiness? a) surround yourself with optimistic people b) pursue a profession your family approves of c) model your life after a celebrity you admire d) earn a high income

a) surround yourself with optimistic people

A sense of being overwhelmed by perceived obligations to stay connected online is technostress. distress. chronic stress. acute stress.

a) technostress

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) depends on all of the following EXCEPT __________. a) the time of day it is consumed b) the water content in the body tissues c) body weight d) the concentration of alcohol in the beverage

a) the time of day it is consumed

Which of the following is NOT part of risk-management driving? a) use high-beam headlights for night driving b) don't drive when tired c) avoid eating or using electronic devices while driving d) use low-beam headlights for day and night driving

a) use high-beam headlights for night driving

What proportion of murder-suicides in the United States involve an intimate partner? about one-third about one-half about three-fourths about one-fourth

about 3/4

T/F: A personality trait characterized by control, commitment, and the willingness to embrace new challenges is known as psychological hardiness.

True

T/F: A synergistic drug interaction can be dangerous or even deadly.

True

T/F: Alcohol and tobacco result in more deaths each year than all illicit drugs combined.

True

T/F: Alcohol is considered a teratogenic substance.

True

T/F: Cardiovascular disease has been identified as a health consequence of chronic stress.

True

T/F: Getting enough sleep may reduce a person's susceptibility to colds.

True

T/F: One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 public health initiative is to create social and physical environments that promote health.

True

T/F: Psychologically healthy people take time to enjoy and appreciate their surroundings.

True

T/F: Sleep helps the body to conserve energy.

True

T/F: Social factors, biology and genetics, individual behavior, health services, and policymaking all combine to determine a person's health status.

True

T/F: The abortion method known as "partial birth abortion" is illegal in the United States.

True

T/F: The most common cause of traumatic brain injury is falling.

True

There have been recent reports of date rape drugs being used at campus parties. What should female students do to protect themselves from being the victim of drug-facilitated crimes? a) Don't trust their intuition. b) Don't accept open or unsealed drinks and don't leave drinks unattended. c) Always attend and leave parties alone. d) Only attend parties given by friends; do not party at a bar or club.

b) Don't accept open or unsealed drinks and don't leave drinks unattended.

Julia confronts her boyfriend with the evidence that he has been cheating on her, and after days of arguments, they break up. By the end of the week, all she can do is cry herself to sleep. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation? alarm resistance exhaustion denial

c) exhaustion

Denial is a person's __________. a) adjustment period to being free of addiction b) experience of a blackout episode or memory loss c) inability to perceive that a behavior is self-destructive d) first step in recovery from addiction

c) inability to perceive that a behavior is self-destructive

Prior to the 1900s, what was the leading cause of death in America? a) heart disease b) homicide c) infectious diseases d) accidents

c) infectious diseases

A primary advantage of the contraceptive sponge is that a) only one type of spermicide can be used with it. b) it eliminates the risk of STIs. c) it does not require a fitting from a doctor. d) protection lasts for 4 to 6 hours.

c) it does not require a fitting from a doctor.

Which of the following statements is TRUE in regard to primary aggression? a) it results from a person's frustration with life experiences b) it will not result in the bodily harm of others c) it is hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature d) it is a hereditary condition

c) it is hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature

A lack of judgment regarding whether a particular substance or behavior will be healthy or damaging to oneself is known as __________. a) denial b) compulsion c) loss of control d) obsession

c) loss of control

Learning specific behaviors by watching others perform them is known as __________. a) shaping b) rehearsal c) modeling d) visualization

c) modeling

Which of the following is NOT part of the cycle of intimate partner violence? a) acute battering b) tension building c) open discussion d) remorse

c) open discussion

Josiah is a full-time student who is captain of the football team, and vice president of the biology club. He also works part-time. The primary stressor in his life would be __________. a) conflict b) eustress c) overload d) exhaustion

c) overload

A person who is experiencing sudden attacks of disabling terror is likely suffering from __________. a) stress b) phobias c) panic attacks d) generalized anxiety

c) panic attacks

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model? perceived seriousness perceived benefits perceived susceptibility perceived barriers

c) perceived susceptibility

All of the choices are components of psychological health EXCEPT __________. a) social health b) emotional health c) physical health d) spiritual health

c) physical health

Rebecca takes medications for various conditions, including Prinivil (for high blood pressure), insulin (for diabetes), and Claritin (for allergy symptoms). This is an example of __________. a) synergism b) cross-tolerance c) polydrug use d) antagonism

c) polydrug use

Addiction involves an excessive __________. a) tolerance for alcohol or other drugs b) amount of debt or financial problems c) preoccupation with the addictive behavior d) risk of losing one's job or failing out of school

c) preoccupation with the addictive behavior

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The BEST way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to a) make weekly resolutions for how many times to work out and chastise himself if he hasn't b) accomplished his planned goal. set an ambitious goal and chart daily and weekly progress using online tools. c) set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them. d) depend on his friends to keep him away from his favorite fast-food restaurants.

c) set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them.

Laura now sets time aside to read to her daughter each night before bedtime. This behavior will enhance her daughter's __________. a) spiritual health b) physical health c) social health d) environmental health

c) social health

The physical and mental response that our bodies go through when exposed to challenges or perceived threats is __________. a) eutress b) trauma c) stress d) distress

c) stress

A real or perceived threat or challenge that causes the body to produce a response is a(n) __________. a) injury b) phobia c) stressor d) frustration

c) stressor

What part of the autonomic nervous system provides the body with energy for the fight-or-flight response? a) homeostatic b) allostatic c) sympathetic d) parasympathetic

c) sympathetic

Which of the following is NOT a cause of impaired driving? a) being drunk b) sleep deprivation c) texting while driving d) being under the influence of drugs

c) texting while driving

Non-REM sleep is called slow-wave sleep because a) this is the deepest stage of sleep. b) it is the stage during which dreams occur. c) the brain generates theta and delta waves. d) there is slow eye movement during this stage.

c) the brain generates theta and delta waves.

A primary factor in acquaintance rape is __________. a) the victim being in an unfamiliar environment b) poor lighting in public areas c) the use of alcohol and/or drugs d) previous stalking of the victim before the rape occurs

c) the use of alcohol and/or drugs

When increased amounts of a drug, other substance, or behavior is needed to produce the desired effect, this phenomenon is known as __________. a) physiological dependence b) withdrawl c) tolerance d) psychological dependence

c) tolerance

Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model? social cognitive model shaping model transtheoretical model health belief model

c) transtheoretical model

Which diagnostic procedure is a maternal blood test that can detect the potential for a birth defect or genetic abnormality? a) chorionic villus sampling b) laboratory pregnancy test c) triple marker screen d) amniocentesis

c) triple marker screen

How quickly will an individual begin to see health benefits after quitting smoking? a) within a month b) within a week c) within a day d) within three months

c) within a day

How many Americans suffer from health disorders caused by tobacco each year? a) 10 million b) half a million c) 16 million d) 2 million

c)16 million

Which of the following is a time-management tip that can help reduce stress? a) Take a day off to relax even if you have assignments due immediately b) Make a list of tasks, prioritize, and budget time to handle them c) Don't open your bills right away if you know you are behind on payments d) Don't bother cleaning up clutter until you have t time to do it correctly

b) Make a list of tasks, prioritize, and budget time to handle them

Which of the following is NOT categorized as central nervous system depressants? a) Benzodiazepines b) Methamphetamines c) Barbiturates d) Opioids

b) Methamphetamines

All the following causes of death are linked to modifiable lifestyle behaviors EXCEPT heart disease. genetic diseases. cancer. diabetes.

b) genetic diseases

Breast-fed infants a) are more likely to be obese. b) have a decreased incidence of illness. c) recover from illness more slowly than formula-fed infants. d) are more prone to allergies

b) have a decreased incidence of illness.

Ecstasy is a stimulant and a(n) a) anesthetic. b) mild hallucinogen. c) antidepressant. d) narcotic.

mild hallucinogen

What percentage of college students report that they have worried frequently about their ability to pay for their education? What percentage reported that their finances had been very difficult to handle during the past 12 months?

more than 50%; 34.4%

In what order (highest level to most basic) are the components of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

self-actualization, esteem, social, security, survival

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the social cognitive model. health belief model. behavior modification model. transtheoretical model.

social cognitive model

Substances designed to kill sperm are known as teratogens. spermicides. progestins. fungicides.

spermacides

Leaving a diaphragm, tampon, or cervical cap in for an extended period of time increases the risk for AIDS. HPV. toxic shock syndrome. hypertension.

toxic shock syndrome

Which of the following is FALSE about smokeless tobacco? a) It contains more nicotine than cigarettes. b) Dental problems are common among smokeless tobacco users. c) It is just as addictive as smoking. d) It does not contain cancer-causing substances.

d) It does not contain cancer-causing substances

What effect does carbon monoxide have on a smoker's body? a) it increases the heart rate b) it accumulates on the alveoli in the lungs, making breathing difficult c) it dulls the sense of taste and smell d) It interferes with the ability of hemoglobin in the blood to carry oxygen.

d) It interferes with the ability of hemoglobin in the blood to carry oxygen.

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that prescription drug abuse is so common? a) The drugs are relatively inexpensive. b) The drugs are considered safer. c) The drugs are easily accessible. d) The drugs have few side effects.

d) The drugs have few side effects.

Which of the following societal factors contributes to violence in U.S. communities? a) breakdowns in the criminal justice system b) existence of discrimination c) economic downturns d) all options are correct

d) all options are correct

Relationships can cause stress in all the following ways EXCEPT a) competition and conflicts with work colleagues. b) excitement and eustress in the early stages of a new relationship. c) lowered self-esteem from high expectations with low control. d) aspiring to be the best one can be.

d) aspiring to be the best one can be.

All of the choices are reasons that young people get involved in gangs EXCEPT __________. a) low self-esteem b) living in a gang-controlled neighborhood c) low socioeconomic status d) being jealous of friends' status or possessions

d) being jealous of friends' status or possessions

Johan decides to stop eating at fast food restaurants at lunchtime and to pack a healthy lunch instead. This behavior change is an example of __________. a) rewarding b) blocking c) reinforcing d) countering

d) countering

Americans without health insurance are more likely to _____________ than Americans with health insurance are. a) receive preventative care and procedures b) have a regular primary care physician c) receive a yearly check up d) delay medical treatment

d) delay medical treatment

After trying for several years to become pregnant, Eli and Jasmine recently found out that they are going to have a baby. They are feeling which type of stress? a) anxiety b) strain c) distress d) eustress

d) eustress

Which of the following is NOT one of the top ten reported impediments to academic performance? a) stress b) sleep difficulties c) depression d) excessive exercise

d) excessive exercise

If a person is suffering from a major depressive disorder, he or she should __________. a) research the condition using the internet b) just get over it and move on c) ignore it because the problem will eventually resolve itself on its own d) get psychological help as soon as possible

d) get psychological help as soon as possible

Which of the following characteristics of a Type A personality have been determined to most increase the risk for heart disease? a) being highly competitive b) being time-driven and perfectionistic c) having a hard-driving approach to tasks and life in general d) having a tendency toward anger, distrust, and cynicism

d) having a tendency toward anger, distrust, and cynicism

How does sleep deprivation affect drivers? a) increases hunger b) increases thirst c) improves response time d) impairs motor skills

d) impairs motor skills

Which of the following is NOT a potential long-term effect of alcohol abuse? a) damaged of destroyed blood cells b) increased risk of certain types of cancer c) increased risk of liver damage d) increased urinary output

d) increased urinary output

All of the following are true about the hormone epinephrine EXCEPT that it __________. a) is also known as adrenaline b) prepares the body for action c) is secreted by the adrenal glands d) is released by the pituitary glands

d) is released by the pituitary glands

All of the choices are acts of violence against children EXCEPT __________. a) verbal attacks b) failure to provide food c) physical assaults d) limited communication

d) limited communication

An example of an enabling factor is a) nagging your parents to stop smoking. b) gaining weight after you stop smoking. c) having friends who say they hate to exercise. d) living near a hiking trail to encourage walking.

d) living near a hiking trail to encourage walking

Which of the following is classified as a stimulant? a) LSD b) marijuana c) alcohol d) metaphetamine

d) methaphetamine

What is the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco products? a) tar b) formaldehyde c) carbon monoxide d) nicotine

d) nicotine

What effect does nicotine have on cilia in the upper respiratory system? a) thickens them b) destroys them c) accumulates them d) paralyzes them

d) paralyzes them

All of the choices are types of emotions EXCEPT __________. a) sadness and grief b) hope and joy c) frustration an anxiety d) perceiving and evaluating

d) perceiving and evaluating

Setting up a small reward to encourage yourself to complete each week's exercise goal is an example of a) encouragement. b) negative reinforcement. c) shaping. d) positive reinforcement.

d) positive reinforcement

Which of the following terms is used to describe all aspects of mental, social, spiritual, and emotional health? a) Self-esteem b) psychoenvironmental c) self-efficacy d) psychological

d) psychological

The most common perpetrators in child maltreatment cases are __________. a) sexual intimacy b) sexual harassment c) molestation d) rape

d) rape

The healthy sense of respect that people have for themselves is called __________. a) narcissism b) extraversion c) self-efficacy d) self-esteem

d) self-esteem

Taking small steps to achieve change in behavior is known as ___________. a) visualizing b) modeling c) rehearsing d) shaping

d) shaping

All of the following statements about smokeless tobacco are true EXCEPT __________. a) smokeless tobacco is just as addictive as smoking b) many smokeless tobacco users are young males c) smokeless tobacco contains more nicotine than cigarettes d) smokeless tobacco users rarely have dental problems

d) smokeless tobacco users rarely have dental problems

What approximate percentage of adults in the United States suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder in any given year? a) 10 % b) 9 % c) 20% d) 8%

20%

Which of the following is a TRUE statement? a) Tobacco is known to cause about 20 diseases. b) Tobacco is the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States. c) Twenty-five percent of all regular smokers die of smoking-related diseases. d) More deaths are due to illegal drug use than are due to tobacco use.

a) Tobacco is known to cause about 20 diseases.

Which of the following is a smoking cessation medication? a) Zyban b) Vicodin c) Ambien d) Concerta

a) Zyban

When a rape involves more than one attacker, strangers, weapons, or physical assault, it is known as __________. a) aggravated rape b) simple rape c) sexual assault d) aquaintance rape

a) aggravated rape

Thrill seeking, retaliation, feeling threatened, and fear of the unknown are reasons given for the commission of __________. a) bias-related crimes b) sexual assault c) intimate partner violence d) homicides

a) bias-related crimes

Which of the following types of therapy for mental health problems focuses on the impact of thoughts and feelings on behavior? a) cognitive therapy b) psychodynamic therapy c) interpersonal therapy d) behavioral therapy

a) cognitive therapy

Deliberate, intentional acts that cause harm or the threat of harm to a child are considered __________. a) child neglect b) child abuse c) child discipline d) child abandonment

b) child abuse

Charlotte, a college student, is a habitual drinker. She has become preoccupied with obtaining alcohol and obsessed with her need to drink. Charlotte is exhibiting __________. a) tolerance b) compulsion c) withdrawal d) denial

b) compulsion

The single most preventable cause of death in the United States is __________. a) traffic accidents b) diseases related to tobacco use c) domestic abuse d) diseases related to alcohol use

b) diseases related to tobacco use

Treatment approaches for college students who develop drug addictions include all of the following approaches EXCEPT a) private therapy. b) extrasensory perception therapy. c) nutrition counseling. d) group therapy.

b) extrasensory perception therapy.

Which of the following statements about drinking among college students is FALSE? a) Approximately 39 percent of college students engage in binge drinking. b) Cognitive-behavioral skills training can significantly change the behaviors of heavy-drinking college students. c) Alcohol increases the risk for suicide. d) Alcohol is rarely involved in the rape or sexual assault of college students.

d) Alcohol is rarely involved in the rape or sexual assault of college students.

Mrs. H. wants her fifth-grade students to read more. She has a reading graph displayed in the classroom with a blank bar for each student. When a student reads for at least 3 hours in one week, he or she gets to color in one box on their bar. The students enjoy competing for the lead position and being praised by Mrs. H. for their improvements. This is an example of a(n) manipulative reinforcer. possessional reinforcer. activity reinforcer. social reinforcer.

d) social reinforcer

Jake's mom gave him money so that he could get a new computer. This gift is an example of __________. a) learned helplessness b) intangible support c) learned optimism d) tangible support

d) tangible support

Which of the following statements about amphetamines is true? a) they can cause a dangerous drop in heart rate and respiratory rate b) they have no known side effects c) they are not addictive d) they are stimulants

d) they are stimulants

Temporary physical and psychological symptoms that occur when use of an addictive substance is discontinued is __________. a) addiction b) compulsion c) relapse d) withdrawal

d) withdrawal

When acute stress bombards your brain with stress chemicals, a) you are likely to experience euphoria. b) you are more likely to be able to concentrate in class. c) your ability to make sound decisions is enhanced. d) your memory may be impaired.

d) your memory may be impaired

Meditation has been proven effective in managing stress. Which of the following is NOT true about meditation? a) Meditation allows the body to relax while the mind is focused. b) Meditation involves some method of calming and focusing the mind. c) It usually takes some effort and patience to learn to meditate. d)There is only one meditation style that is considered effective.

d)There is only one meditation style that is considered effective.