KINE: 3000 Early Motor Development Ch.6

What are considered examples of asymmetrical tonic neck reflex?

- Cerebral palsy or other developmental delays -Scoliosis -Subluxation of femoral head -Dislocation of femoral head -Fencing response in adults (All of the above)

What are considered Motor Mildestones?

-Landmarks in motor development -Allow the acquisition of later voluntary movements -Order is consistent, but timing is variable -Depends on muscular strength, endurance, maturation of the central nervous system, posture, and balance, and sensory processing

What are the 3 main differences between Primitive reflexes and Spontaneous movements?

1. Reflexes are responses to specific external stimuli, whereas spontaneous movements do not result from any apparent external stimuli. 2. Reflexive movements are specific and often localized, whereas spontaneous movements tend to be nonspecific and generalized. 3. The same stimulus will elicit a specific reflex again and again.

If an individual exhibits no reflexes when should and when shouldn't, what kind of development is it?

Abnormal reflex development

What are spontaneous are movements influenced by

Constraints

What types on atypical development are related to motor milestones?

Down syndrome and hypertonia

True/False: Applied reflexes assist in development of future involuntary movements

False; Applied reflexes assist in development of future voluntary movements

True or false: Infants movements are precise, intentional, or goal - directed

False; Infants movements are NOT precise, intentional, or goal - directed

Reflexes that adapt and assist with survival is what kind of purpose reflex?

Functional

What type of constraint may relate to the disappearance of the stepping reflex?

Individual structural contsraint; increase in leg weight, and increase of muscle strength

How do infants move?

Infantile Reflexes and spontaneous movements that occur without any apparent stimulation

What are the reflexes that disappear after infancy called?

Infantile reflexes

What study was done to test postural control and balance on infants?

Moving-room technique; walls and celling of the small room surrounding them were moved to observe their muscular responses.

There are three types of infantile reflexes, what are they?

Primitive reflexes, postural reactions and locomotor reflexes (time)

Describe the primitive reflex of Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Starting position - Supine Stimulus - Turn head to one side Response - Same side arm and leg extend Time - prenatal to 4 mo Warning signs - persistence after 6 mo

Describe the primitive reflex of Doll-eye reflex (self explanatory)

Stimulus - Flex head Response - eyes look up Time - prenatal to 2 wk Warning signs - persistence after first days of life

Describe the primitive reflex of Palmar grasp reflex

Stimulus - Touching palm with finger or object Response - Hand closes tightly around object Time - prenatal to 4 mo Warning signs - persistence after 1 yr; asymmetrical reflex

Describe the primitive reflex of babinski.

Stimulus - stroke sole of foot from heel to toes Response - toes extend Time - birth to 4 mo Warning signs - persistence after 6mo

What is the rate limiter for stepping after 2 mo in infancy?

Strength

What are the 3 general ways researches have explained the purpose of reflexes

Structural, functional and applied

Describe the primitive reflex of moro.

Supine starting position Stimulus - shake head, as by tapping pillow Response - arms and legs extend, fingers spread; then arms and legs flex Time - prenatal to 3 mo Warning - presence after 6 mo; asymmetrical reflex

True or false: Like spontaneous leg movements, spontaneous arm movements resemble adult movement

True

True/ False: Developmental delays can have a snowball effect on overall development

True

True/ False: Structural reflexes are the byproduct of the neurological system

True

True/False: Philp Zelazo and researches realized that voluntary walking could be enhanced with stepping reflex practice

True