KINE 5550 Final

In terms of chronological age, early childhood is usually described as ______________

1 to 6 years

Using the percentage of heart rate reserve method to prescribe exercise intensity, which of the following is the correct answer given the available test data below? HRrest: 70 beats · min-1 HRmax: 180 beats · min-1 Desired exercise intensity: 50%

125 beats/min

What blood pressure readings are considered to be hypertensive. Give both systolic ___________ and diastolic ______________ .

140 mmHg; 90mmHg

Auscultation of the heart rate refers to

Listening to the sounds of the heart through the chest

the reason men have a higher hematocrit and hemoglobin levels than women is

Men produce more testosterone than women

All of the following statements are are true regarding long bones EXCEPT

Most bones of the axial skeleton are of this type

In which stage of motivational readiness would a person who is an irregular exerciser be placed?

Preparation

Which of the following strategies can help a person to maintain his or her physical activity?

Schedule check-in appointments, Reduce barriers to exercise, Increase the benefits of physical activity (All of the above)

Ways to manage or prevent emergencies

Screening clients for cardiovascular disease risk factors, Selecting appropriate test protocol for clients, Maintaning facilities and exercise equipment

The informed consent does all of the following EXCEPT

Serves to protect the university from legal actions

The concept of shaping refers to what?

Setting intermediate goals that lead to a long term goal

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the "power position" used for lifting?

Shoulder slouch

Which of the following is NOT a consideration in the exercise prescription for the patient with diabetes mellitus?

Site of insulin injection must be in the exercising muscle to be effective

All of the following musculoskeletal changes typically occur with advancing age EXCEPT

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy (Do occur: Decreasing flexibility, Impaired balance, Inhibited range of motion)

Modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease include

Smoking, dyslipidemia, and sedentary life style

Both resistance training and endurance training result in which of the following conversions of muscle fiber type

Type IIX to Type IIA

How many calories are contained in a food bar that contains 5 g of fat, 30 g of carbohydrates including 4 g of fiber and 3 g of protein.

161 kcal

ACSM recommends that adults perform resistance training ___ days per week, with a minimum of ____ hours between sessions. Resistance training should include _____ mutli-joints exercises using ____sets and ____ reps.

2-3; 48; 8-10; 2-4; 8-12

What are the cholesterol numbers considered to raise the risk of heart disease? Total cholesterol greater than or equal to ___________ , LDL greater than or equal to _________ , HDL less than or equal to_______.

200 mg/dl; 130 mg/dl; 40 mg/dl

law of inertia

A body at rest tends to stay at rest, whereas a body in motion tends to stay in motion with consistent speed and direction, unless acted upon by an outside source

Energy to run a maximal 400-meter race (i.e., 50 to 60 seconds) comes from what source?

a combination of aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, with most of the ATP coming from anaerobic sources.

The exhange of gases between the blood and the muscle tissue takes place in these vessels

Capillaries

In an attempt to deal with some forms of hypertension, which of the following major minerals should be reduced in the diet of the average American?

sodium

In an emergency the number one thing that you must do is what?

stay calm and take action

T/F? VO2 max declines at approximately 1% per year after the age of 40

True

What is the preferred method of prescribing exercise intensity?

% of Heart rate reserve

-------

-------

The recommended daily intake of protein is 0.8 grams/ kg of body weight. If someone is training for a marathon they should increase their protein intake to ___________________

1.2 - 1.4 grams/kg/day

What is the initial target for body weight reduction in a 6-month time frame according to NIH?

10%

ASCM guidelines say you should consume less than __________mg of sodium a day

2300

For aerobic exercise prescription, you should advise clients to complete _____ of moderate exercise ____ per week for a total of ____

30 minutes; 5 days; 150 minutes

In an emergency if you are tasked to call 911 what is the location of this facility?

301 Wire road room 126

Your new client is a 45-year-old male office worker who exercises only two days a week by walking. He has never smoked and both of his parents are in their 70s and still alive. His BMI is 32 kg/m2. A recent check-up with blood work revealed total cholesterol of 190 mg/dL, HDL of 35, LDL of 125mg/dL, a fasting blood glucose of 90 mg/dL. You measure his blood pressure and it is 130/84 mmHg. How many coronary risk factors does he have?

4

What are the correct amounts of energy per gram for protein, carbohydrates and fats?

4,4,9

At what waist measurement in inches is there an increased risk of CVD for men ____________ and women _____________?

40 in; 35 in

What proportion of the diet should come from carbohydrate according to the Institute of Medicine?

45%-65%

The VO2 max remains relatively unchanged throughout childhood. After age 25, it typically decreases by how much?

5% to 15% each decade

An appropriate mechanism to gauge intensity of exercise for older adults as "moderate" is

5-6 on an RPE scale of 0 -10

Senescence, or old age is considered to start at age

65

All of the following are either contraindication to exercise or reason to stop exercise EXCEPT

A failure of the diastolic blood pressure to rise during exercise (Is a contraindication/reason to stop: Resting diastolic blood pressure of 115 mm Hg or higher, Systolic blood pressure during exercise of 250 mm Hg, Angina)

What is the first bioenergetic pathway to become active at the onset of exercise?

ATP-PCr

Metabolic syndrome includes dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure and

Abdominal obesity

Money a business owes to another individual or business is the definition of:

Accounts payable

Which of the follwoing stages defines people having the greatest risk of relapse in the Stages of Change?

Action

Which of the statements below is true regarding inpatient rehabilitation programs?

Activity is dependent on the size of the myocardial infarction and the occurrence of any complications.

Which would be the best preventive strategy for an HFS to lessen his/her chances of legal liability with negligence?

Adhere to a professional standard while supervising clients, Utilize waivers and assumption of risk forms, Purchase appropriate liability insurance (All of the above)

Encouraging moderate-intensity activity and the accumulation of activity throughout the day are examples of

Allowing individuality in exercise choices

Which of the following is a major symptom assoicated with the Femaile Athlete Triad?

Amenorrhea

Which of the following is an example of increasing self-efficacy by setting several short-term goals to attain a long-term goal?

An application of cognitive behavioral principles

In general, the higher the intensity of the activity, the greater the contribution of what system?

Anaerobic energy production

Face validity is a term in psychosocial research that refers to what?

Appears to measure what it is intended to measure

The loss of elasticity (or hardening) of the arteries is known as __________________

Artriosclerosis

When taking blood pressure you are listening for various sounds to detect the systolic and diastolic BP. Which of these is correct?

As you release pressure in the cuff the sound should become clear sharp tapping in Phase 3 and then a muffled sound in phase 4 just before the sound goes away in phase 5

Lung disease can be classified into one of three categories ( Obstructive, Restrictive, Vascular). Which of the following is NOT one of those categories?

Asthma

Which of the following emergency equipment and supplies should be found at a health/fitness facility?

Automated external defibrillator, Blood Pressure kit, First responder blood borne pathogens kits (All of the above)

When you inhale the diaphragm and the ribs (moved by the intercostal muscles) move in which direction?

Diaphragm moves down and ribs move up

Which class of prescription drugs has the most profound effect on exercise heart rate?

Beta-blockers

Fat is one of the macronutrients, and is important to functional well being. The recommended daily intake of fat is what?

Between 20% and 35% of your daily calories

T/F? In COPD, dyspnea is a result of the increased work of breathing.

True

At minimum, professionals performing fitness assessments on others should posses which combination of the following?

CPR training and ACSM HFS certification

Deficiency of which micro nutrient can affect bone development?

Calcium

The criterion for metabolic syndrome includes the following:

Central obesity, low high density lipoproteins, hypertension and elevated triglycerides

If a client is unconscious you should do what?

Check for a pulse, Make eye contact with a class mate and tell them to call 911, Get Dr. McDonald

When performing the skin fold test for body composition on men using the three site method, the sites are _______ , _________, and _________.

Chest; Abdomen; Thigh

Which is not true regarding children compared with adults?

Children have higher stroke volume

What explains a higher resting and exercise heart rate in children?

Children typically have a lower stroke volume compared to adults

HIPPA is a law concerned with:

Client privacy

Which of the following is not a recommendation included in the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Consume a vegetarian diet to reduce saturated fat intake.

The treatment modality RICES include the following EXCEPT

Covering

An increase in both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest and during exercise often accompanies aging. Blood pressure usually increases because of

Decreased arterial compliance and increased arterial stiffness

Which of the following would indicate that an athlete could be dehydrated?

Decreased exercise performance, Body weight loss > 2%, Decreased cognitive abilities (All of the above)

An individual with Type 1 diabetes has a fasting morning glucose level of 253 mg/dL and has come to you that morning to exercise, what should you do?

Do not allow her to exercise and have her contact her physician

Which of the following factors does NOT impair older individuals ability to thermoregulate?

Enhanced sweat response

Protein is essential for growth of the body including muscle, bone tendons and ligaments. Other functions of protein in the body include

Enzymes, Hormones, muscle development (All of the above)

Which is NOT a consideration when prescribing exercise for obese clients?

Exercise intensity should rarely exceed low levels. (Is a consideration: Low impact should be emphasized, especially early in a program, Exercise should be encouraged on at least 5, if not all, days of the week, Additional motivation techniques may be needed.)

T/F? Asthma is typically characterized by airway obstruction that is not reversible.

False

An exercise program for elderly persons generally should emphasize increased ______________________

Frequency

When progressing an exercise prescription, any of the components of the FITT principle may be manipulated. What is recommended as the component to be manipulated in the initial phase (first 4-6 wk) of an exercise program for an average adult?

Frequency

The intervertebral disks have ____________________________

Gleatinous inner nucleus portion

If an individual is in the action stage, he or she ____________

Has been physical active on a regular basis for < 6 months

Exercise may be beneficial in persons with or at high risk of CAD, as it has been shown to do all except:

Increase blood viscosity (Does: Decrease blood platelet adhesiveness, Decrease resting blood pressure, Increase self-efficacy)

Which of the following would NOT be an adaptation expected to occur as a result of long-term aerobic training

Increase in the maximal heart rate (Would be expected: Decrease in the resting HR, Increase in the resting SV, Increase in the resting CO)

the goal of risk classification is to

Increase safety of exercise participation

DURING aerobic exercise which of the following responses would NOT be considered normal?

Increased diastolic blood pressure (Would be normal: Increased systolic blood pressure, Increased pulse pressure, Increased mean arterial pressure)

COPD includes all except:

Interstitial lung disease (Includes: Bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma)

In preventing injuries, hydration is very important because

It helps to regulate temperature and electrolyte balance

Which of the following best describes a request by a fitness professional for physician clearance for a client

It provides a medical opinion regarding the safety of the client to exercise

In the term "arthritis", the prefix arth stands for ________, and the suffix "itis" stand for _________

Joint, inflammation

Which of the following is a sign or symptom of dyspnea?

Labored breathing

Calcium, Phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sulfer, sodium and chloride are examples of what?

Macrominerals

Which of the following personnel is responsible for program design as well as implementation of that program

Manager or director

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation regarding exercise for healthy women who are pregnant?

Maximal exercise testing to determine appropriate exercise intensity is recommended. (Is a recommendation: Preferably exercise 3- - 4 days/week, Avoid contact sports and sports/activities that may cause loss of balance or trauma to the mother or fetus, Avoid exercising in a hot humid environment, be well hydrated, and dressed appropriately to avoid heat stress)

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates comprise a _______________

Motor unit

The Transtheorectical Model of Health Behavior assumes that individuals do what?

Move back and forth along the stage continuum

Which of statement is NOT true

Myocardial ischemia is usually a result of excessive oxygen demand.

Which of the following is a contractile protein in skeletal muscle?

Myosin

Which condition is commonly associated with progressive decline in bone mineral density and calcium content in postmenopausal women?

Osteoporosis

In the Social Cognitive theory, which three major dynamic interacting influences are postulated as determining behavioral change?

Personal, behavioral & environmental

Which is not a key aspect of a health fitness facilities emergency management plan?

Public comment box on safety concerns

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Verbal encouragement, material incentives, self-praise, & use of specific contingency contracts are example of what?

Reinforcement

If a client fells dizzy or faints but does not remain unconscious you should do all of the following

Remain calm and notify Dr. McDonald, Have the client sit or lie down, have a classmate get the client a class of juice

Under "Emergency Procedures for major Incidents" step one includes all of the following

Remaining calm, taking action to ensure the client does not further injury themselves, Clearing other clients and students away from the victim.

The best approach to management of emergencies during exercise is prevention through all of the following, except

Requiring a physician to be on hand during all exercise sessions

T/F? The first symptom of most patients with lung disease is shortness of breath with exertion

True

The Frank-starling mechanism plays a vital role in determining ______________________

Stroke volume

Cardiac Output equals ______times ______

Stroke volume; heart rate

When working with a client who has a history of cardiovascular or metabolic disease, which is NOT within the realm of responsibilities for the fitness specialist?

Suggesting a change in medication

Which is not true regarding muscle strengthening in older adults?

Surpassing the minimal recommendations for muscle strengthening will not confer any additional benefits (Is true: Older adults should perform muscle-strengthening activities regularly, choose a weight or resistance that can be performed at a moderate to high intensity, choose a weight or resistance that can be performed 10 to 15 times per set)

All of the following regarding thermoregulation in children are true EXCEPT

Sweat rate for children is lower that for adults (Is true: Adults have a greater number of sweat glands compared to children, The rate of sweat production is lower in children compared with adults, Children acclimatize to hot environments at a slower rate than adults)

What would generally be the preferred mode of exercise for an elderly person?

Swimming

Which of the following aerobic activities WILL NOT be as beneficial for preservation of bone mass or prevention of bone loss?

Swimming

Resting blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries created by the heart as it pumps blood to every part of the body. Which of the following is true?

Systolic pressure measures the maximum pressure in the arteries

Myocardial blood supply originates from the left main and right coronary arteries. These two arteries originate at:

The aorta immediately superior to the aortic semilunar valve

definition of cardiorespiratory fitness

The coordinated capacity of the heart, blood vessels, respritory system and tissue meatbolic system to take in , deliver and use oxygen.

risk classification refers to

The placing of clients into categories based on risk factors and disease identification

T/F? Trained individuals usually produce less lactate than untrained individuals when making the transition from rest to steady-state exercise.

True

The Health Belief Model assumes that people will engage in a given behavior, such as increasing their level of daily activity, when?

There is a perceived threat of disease, There is the belief of susceptibility to disease (Only A & B above)

What happens to carbohydrates when consumed in amounts greater than required for energy?

They are metabolized and then stored as body fat

When conducting risk classification an indivudal is considered to be "high risk" if

They have one or more symptoms of or have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease

The maintenance of an open airway during esophageal distention is provided by what structure?

Trachea

When performing the skin fold body composition test on females the three areas you use are; _____, ____, and _______ .

Tricep; Thigh; Hip

T/F? A transient deficiency of blood flow to the myocardium resulting from a lack of oxygen to the heart is known as cardiac ischemia

True

An individual would not increase self-efficacy by doing this

Using a decisional balance sheet

Which of the following water soluble vitamins should be consumed on a daily basis?

Vitamin B complex and C

What two categories have been added to the FITT principle of Exercise Prescription?

Volume and progression

If you are tasked to make the 911 call in an emergency you should tell the operator

Where the incident occurred, Your phone number and the TigerFit lab number, Details of what the emergency is

If you are trying to lose weight, what is the most effective strategy?

Write down what you eat

A successful endurance athlete would likely have ________________ compared to a sedentary person.

a higher percentage of type I fibers

In comparison to walking running requires greater

all the above

Risk Management is

an initial and ongoing process to identify relevant risks associated with the delivery of a service.

We placing electrodes for a 12 - lead ECG after putting on the arm and leg leads you place V1 - V6 in there proper position. V1 & V2 are placed ______ and then lead V4 is placed ______ .

at the 4th intercostal space on the sternal border; under the nipple in the fifth intercostal space

The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute is referred to as _________________

cardiac output

If your client collapses after the treadmill test, your first response is to ____________________________

check for consciousness and a pulse

The three types of forces common to human movement

ground reaction force, frictional force and muscular force

Where is the AED located?

down the hall, on the wall

The cognitive theory of behavioral change in the Transtheoretical model (TTM) includes all of the following EXCEPT

dramatic relief (Includes: Reinforcement management, Helping relationships, Counter-conditioning)

A sedantary lifestyle Has a risk similiar to that of what?

hypertension, high cholesterol and smoking

Which is NOT TRUE of exercise training in persons with CVD?

intensity should remain at or slight above the ischemic threshold.

The arm is capable of performing all the following motions EXCEPT

inversion

VO2 increases _________________ with work rate

linearly

A 45 year-old mother of two college children works in real estate 40 - 50 hours a week. Her eating habits are less than optimum and she has recurring heartburn. Here BP is 130/90. She weighs 145 lbs and is 5'6" with a 82 cm waist. She has no family history of CVD. She walks for 30 minutes three days a week. Her blood fats are Total cholesterol 190, 120 LDL, 65 HDL. Here fasting glucose is 84. Her CVD risk is

low

Which of the following will increase stability?

lowering the center of gravity

Aerobic production of ATP occurs in the ________________ in a process called _____________________________

mitochondria (i.e., electron transport chain); oxidative phosphorylation.

Which of the following fats is recommended as one of the healthy diet fats?

monounsaturated fat

The site where the motor neuron and muscle cell meet is called the ____________________

neuromuscular junction

In a commercial setting, clients should be more extensively screened for potential health risks. Which of the following information should be solicited?

personal medical history, Present medical status, Medications (All of the above)

The informed consent does not do what?

protect the university from legal actions

Older men and women demonstrate similar or even greater strength gains when compared with younger individuals in response to what?

regular weight training

A diastolic blood pressure above 110, Arrhythmic tachycardia, Uncontrolled diabetes are all examples of what?

relative contraindications to exercise testing

VO2 max is a measures

the maximum ability of the cardiorespiratory system to deliver oxygen to the muscle and the ability of the muscle to take up and use oxygen to produce ATP. (A & B above)

Which type of musculoskeletal lever is most common?

third-class

The three planes of motion include:

transverse, sagittal, frontal

T/F? When performing skin fold body composition testing you should take all measurements on the right side of the body and rotate through each skin fold site before taking a second measure at each site

true