Kinesiology 2530 Chapter 14
most sociology of sport research on college sports focuses on
D1 schools
the educational mission of higher education is most likely to be achieved among athletes on a
D3 woman's lacrosse team
data on college sports indicate that
NCAA D3 has more athletes than any other NCAA division
when akilah carter francique created the sista to sista program on the campus of texas a&m, she intended to provide black female athletes with
a safe cultural space on campus
data on D1 colleges and universities show that in 2016 women's sports received
about 1/3 of all money spent on athletic recruiting expenses
NCAA D1 data from 2018 show that african americans make up 10 percent of the students in D1 universities at the same time that they compromise
about 50 percent of the athletes in men's top revenue producing sports
NCAA data on black female athletes in college sports indicate that
about 70 percent of black female athletes are on basketball or track teams
when sociologists patricia and peter adler studied the lives of young men on a D1 basketball team, they found that
academic and social expectations were less important than athletic expectations
athletes in D1 revenue producing sports face challenges in managing conflicts related to their dual careers as an athlete and a student. many of these young people give higher priority to athletic expectations than to academic expectations because
academic expectations are easier to negotiate than athletic expectations
universities in the U.S. justify expenditures of billions of dollars on college sports because sports participation is believed to be an educational experience for athletes. this belief is
accepted without independent research confirming that it is true
research indicates that "clustering" occurs when college athletes in certain sports
are over represented in specific courses and majors
recently passed rules for defining academic progress and graduation rates for NCAA D1 teams shift more responsibility for academic reform to
athletic departments and universities
in the case of college esports, the author notes that it may be wise for supporters to
avoid the NCAA and its governance structure and policies
in response to the issue of brain injuries caused by repetitive head hits in certain college sports, the presidents of colleges and universities have
avoided any statements that could be used against universities in a court case
high school athletes today have been raised in a culture emphasizing self improvement, growth, and achievement. this leads them to
be demanding of coaches and seek individual support from athletic departments
NCAA data show that graduation rates for athletes are generally lowest among
black male athletes in revenue producing sports
coaches who schedule practice and games to enable athletes to successfully manage dual career conflict are mostly those who
coach in colleges where sports are not used to generate revenues or publicity
richard southall and his colleagues at the college sport research center have developed an adjusting graduation gap measure that compares athletes with other full time students. their findings indicate that athletes
consistently graduate at lower rates than other full time students
the budget inequality in the U.S. high schools means that the top high school sports programs in the nation are in private schools or located in wealthy residential areas. according to the author, this
creates a system in which program inequality reproduces itself year after year
when analyzing the grades of college athletes in comparison to the grades of other college students, the author says that two things must be taken into account. One is clustering and the other is
differences in high school grades and scores on the ACT and SAT tests
the U.S. department of education has issued guidelines for the provision of school sponsored sports for students with a disability. in response to those guidelines
disability sports remain invisible and mostly absent in high schools and colleges
relying on participation fees to support high school sports
discourages participation among students from low income families
the concussion lawsuit that was filed in 2011 against the NCAA by former college athletes was settled in 2014. the case was settled in 2014 when the NCAA agreed to
establish a 70 million dollar fund to provide neurological exams for former players
research suggests that the spirit generated by high profile college sports events is associated with
events that undermine the time spent on academic word
when athletes spend much of their time inside the increasingly opulent and expensive "athletic center" on some college campuses, it is likely that they will
expect academic tutors to complete papers and assignment for them
which of the following statements about higher education in the U.S. is NOT true?
faculty members who tutor athletes receive tenure and financial bonuses
senator chris murphy from connecticut initiated an investigation into college athletics because he was concerned that many universities and athletic departments
fail to provide a full education to their student athletes
data on graduation rates among athletes at D1 universities indicates that
female athletes have higher graduation rates than male athletes
the liability issues related to concussions and other serious injuries are different in high schools than they are in colleges because
few high school students have reached the age of informed legal consent
recent data indicates that of the 1700 intercollegiate sport programs in the U.S.
fewer than 30 regularly report having more revenues than expenses
program inequality has long been a part of intercollegiate sports. one manifestation of this is that the total program expenses for the top 5 spending universities in D1 are greater than the total expenses
for the 77 lowest spending universities in the same division
as high school programs face budget crises and depend more on the families of athletes and sponsors to support varsity teams we see
greater inequality in the athletic programs at different schools
research suggests that future reforms in college sports must address problems related to the
growing separation between university culture and college sport culture
participation rates in varsity high school sports since 1971 show that girls' participation
has increased but remains lower than boys' participation
most countries, including those in europe, do not have intercollegiate sports as they exist in the U.S. College athletes in the U.S. are often referred to as student athletes, but when an athlete in europe also attends college, it is said that they
have "dual careers"
research that tracks students over time shows that in comparison with other students, the students who try out, are selected for, and stay on school teams
have above average self esteem and cognitive abilities
much of the research on the effects of playing interscholastic sports has been confusing because researchers
have not studied the identities of those who play on school teams
research show that when high school athletes as a group are compared with other high school students, they tend to have
higher grades and more positive attitudes towards school
to avoid bad publicity and to maintain the academic reputations of universities, the NCAA has
increased eligibility requirements to raise athletes' grades and graduation rates
a study by doug foley found that high school sports were a site at which students learned a vocabulary that promoted values emphasizing
individualism and competition
the student spirit created by high school sports
is produced and maintained by an investment of considerable resources
after nearly 50 years, title ix remains a controversial law as it applies to school sponsored sports in the U.S. a key reason for that is that
it exposes contradictions in big time sports programs organized around football
when the fair pay to play act was passed unanimously by the california state senate and signed by governor gavin newson, the first thing that the officials at the NCAA headquarters did was to
join with coaches and athletic directors in california to loudly oppose the bill
after reviewing research findings related to students popularity and sport participation, the author hypothesizes that in comparison with young men, young women in high school are
less likely to view sports as an identity focal point in their lives
one of the main challenges faced by esports teams in high schools and colleges is to
make esports accessible and attractive to female students
as more high school athletes come to school programs from private club programs where they received much individual attention, they
often expect more than what the high school coaches and staff can give them
because budgeted operational expenses are not enough to maintain most high school sports programs, money is raised in three additional ways. which of the following is NOT one of those ways
paying athletes to clean and maintain sport facilities
a highly publicized college admissions scandal in 2019 involved parents who paid a former college coach to help their children be admitted to prestigious universities by
paying coaches to include the children as "special athlete admits" needed for teams
male athletes on intercollegiate teams are most likely to put their athletic and social lives ahead of academics when they
play on big time, entertainment oriented teams
following the sexual abuse at PSU, the university president, athletic director, and director of campus security were all fired for
protecting the football program rather than following the law
when journalist HG Bassinger studied the football team in a well known texas high school, he found that high school football was organized in ways that
reaffirmed traditional racial ideology among many whites
making a positive connection between playing college sports and achieving social and academic goals is most likely when athletes
receive social support for academic achievement and academic identities
the most logical explanation for academic differences between athletes and "non athletes" in high school is that
school sports attract students with higher grades
much of the difference between athletes and other students in high school is due to
selection-in and filtering-out process
financial information on big time intercollegiate sport programs shows that they
show a profit only when student fees and university subsidies count as revenues
according to the analysis in the chapter, gender related participation inequalities in high school and college are due primarily to the
size of football teams and the costs of supporting football teams
the author explains that there has been littler research on school sports as learning experiences primarily because
so many people accept without question the great sport myth
a study done in the late 1990s found that young women who played school sports had lower rates of sexual activity than other young women, while young men who played sports had higher rates of sexual activity than other young men. this illustrates that
social factors influence the meanings and consequences of playing sports
mary willingham, a learning specialist at UNC, did her investigation of the 18 year long academic fraud at UNC, she found that
some athletes had decent grades but also needed help in learning to read
an overemphasis on "sports development" in high school often leads athletes to
specialize in one sport in a way that restricts overall development
the use of corporate sponsorships to support high school sports is risky because
sports could lose funding during economic recessions
budget information for college athletic programs show that the programs could not exist without receiving a significant amount of money from
student fees
according to the author, the main takeaway from the recent scandals and cases of corruption in college sports is that
the NCAA should not be in charge of policing itself and its member schools
reforming big time college sports to make them more academically relevant is difficult beause
the athletic program is tied tot many interests unrelated to education
in general, the research on high school sports participation suggests that
the effects of participation depend greatly on the meanings given to it
when the FBI uncovered a major bribery scandal involving coaches, sponsors, agents, and athletes' families in 2017, one of the defendants in the case admitted to FBI that
the players were the only participants in college basketball who can't be paid
data on the academic support services provided for college athletes suggests that
the services don't always boost graduation rates for athletes
among male athletes in big time college sports programs, there is a tendency for athletic identities to be given a high priority than academic identities because of
the social support they receive for athletic participation
the widespread acceptance of the great sport myth has led to a situation in which
there is no systematic evidence showing that school sports promote education
the professors who established the Drake Group argue that there will be no meaningful reforms in intercollegiate sports unless
they are monitored by and independent agency committed to education
the growth of booster club support for high school teams has led to an increase in
title IX lawsuits
a problem faced by african american athletes on college campuses is a feeling of isolation. which of the following does NOT contribute to feelings of isolation?
too many campus activities focused on the interests of latinos and asians
the revenues and expenditures for public universities in each of the three D1 subdivisions show that
universities in the football bowl subdivision report the largest net deficits
data on race and intercollegiate sports in D1 schools show that
university priorities related to race and education are distorted
research shows that sports participation
usually must be combined with other things to increase a girl's popularity
when people argue against interscholastic sports, they tend to emphasize that
varsity sports support a status system that privileges athletes over sports
when comparing big time and lower profile intercollegiate sport programs it is seen that
very few athletes in lower profile programs have athletic scholarships