kinesiology chapter 1 homework questions
Which of the following statements is true about circumduction? a. combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction b. synonymous with rotation c. occurs only in one joint d. combines flexion and extension
A. combination of flexion, extension adduction and adbuction
Superomedial
Above and toward the midline or inside
Flexion
Decreases the angle of a joint
superolateral
above and to the outside
superior
above, to the top of
lowering arm to side or thigh back to anatomical position
adduction
abduction takes place around the ___ axis
anteroposterior
Motion between the articular surfaces of bone is known as ________.
arthrokinematics
motion between the articular surfaces of bones is known as
arthrokinematics
retraction
backward movement of shoulder girdle
posterosuperior
behind and above
Posteroinferior
behind and below
Posteromedial
behind and to the inner side
posterolateral
behind and to the outside
posterior
behind, to the back of
Inferolateral
below and to the outside
Inferomedial
below and toward the midline
inferior
below, to the bottom of
bones are composed of all of the following except a. cartilage b. calcium carbonate c. calcium phosphate d. water
cartilage
opposition
diagonal movement of thumb across palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers
what term is used to describe the movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane
dorsiflexion
what term is used to describe the movement of the ankle that results int he top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the saggital plane
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion
downward movement of the foot at the ankle away from the body
depression
downward movement of the shoulder girdle
three terms that are used to describe bone markings
facet, fissure, foramen
Flexion is an example of movement in a coronal plane about an anteroposterior axis.
false
Ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when actively contracting.
false
One of the functions of articular cartilage is to separate the diaphysis and epiphysis.
false
Typical bony features include tendons, epiphysis, and articular cartilage.
false
about 50 to 60 percent of the volume of cortical bone is porous
false
both sesamoid and accessory bones occur in same numbers in individuals
false
cancellous bone is stiffer and can withstand greater stress but less stain then cortical bone
false
during the process of bone remodeling, osteoblasts resorb existing bone and osteoclasts form new bone
false
epiphyseal plates generally close by age 14 but some may be present until age 18
false
ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when activity contracting
false
the endosperm is located at the end of long bones
false
the scapula is an example of an irregular bone
false
there approximately 552 muscles in the human body
false
aging causes progressive gain of collagen and increases bone brittleness
false (loss)
distal
farthest from the center, away from point of origin
protraction
forward movement of the shoulder girdle
The frontal plane divides the body into
front and back halves
the frontal plane divides the body into
front and back halves
anteromedial
front and middle
each of the following joints allow a slight amount of motion to occur except
gomphosis
an instrument used to measure the change of joint angles is an
goniometer
proximal
in close proximity of, closest to the point of origin
anterosuperior
in front and above
Anterioinferior
in front and below
anterolateral
in front and to the side, especially the outside
extension
increase the angle of a joint
example of a transverse plane movement
internal rotation of the right shoulder
which of the following is an example of the transverse plane movement
internal rotation of the right shoulder
internal rotation
movement around the longitudinal axis of the body toward the midline
external rotation
movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the midline
hyperextension
movement beyond the normal range of extension
hyperflexion
movement beyond the normal range of flexion
diagonal adduction
movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body
abduction
movement of a body part away from the midline
adduction
movement of a body part toward the midline
horizontal abduction
movement of an upper limb through transverse plane at shoulder level away from midline
lateral flexion
movement of the head or trunk laterally away from the midline
inversion
movement of the sole of the foot inward or medially
eversion
movement of the sole of the foot outward
radial flexion
movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the forearm
movements in transverse plane
occur around the vertical axis
contralateral
opposite side
motion of the bones relative to the three cardinal planes resulting from physiological movements is known as ____
osteokinematic
Motion of the bones relative to the three cardinal planes resulting from physiological movements is known as
osteokinematic motion
volar
palmar side of the hand
supination
palms forward, radius and ulna are parallel to eachother
6 types of synovial joints
plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket
which of the following is not a function performed by the skeletal system a. protection of internal organs b. support to maintain posture c. storage of minerals d. production of heat
production of heat
forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine is called___
protraction
pronation
radius lies diagonally across the ulna, palm down
reduction
return of the spinal column to anatomic position from lateral flexion
knee extension occurring from femoral condyles rotating forward on tibia as a person stands from squatting is an example of the accessory motion called
roll
if the knee were not able to slide, the femur would ___ when going from flexion to extension on a stationary tibia
roll off the front of the tibia
the three specific types of accessory motions are
roll, spin, glide
elbow extension takes place in the ______ plane
saggital
if the ______ plane runs from anterior to posterior, then its axis must run from side to side
sagittal
Ipsilateral
same side
which of the following terms means related to or situated to the left or on the left side of something
sinister
Which of the following terms refers to a position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction?
supination
which of the following terms refers to a position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtler inversion and forefoot adduction
supination
Kinesiology
the study of the principles of anatomy, physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement
anterior
to the front of, the front
Medial
to the inside (midline)
lateral
to the side, away from midline
Bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them.
true
Bones reshape themselves based upon the stresses that are placed upon them.
true
Both the size and shape of bones can limit or allow movement.
true
Collagen in bone provides flexibility and strength to resist tension.
true
Diagonal abduction is movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from midline of body.
true
Flexion or extension can occur with abduction, adduction, or rotation.
true
Most outer bone is composed of cortical bone with cancellous bone underneath.
true
bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them
true
bones continue to grow longitudinally as long as the epiphyseal plates are open
true
bones reshape themselves based upon stresses that are placed upon them
true
diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints
true
flexion or extension can occur with abduction adduction or rotation
true
the hyaline cartilage is quite resilient because it is slightly compressible and elastic
true
adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finder side of the hand toward the medial forearm is called
unlar flexion
dorsiflexion
upward movement of the foot at the ankle toward the body or toward the lower leg
elevation
upward movement of the shoulder girdle
