kinesiology chapter 1 homework questions

Which of the following statements is true about circumduction? a. combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction b. synonymous with rotation c. occurs only in one joint d. combines flexion and extension

A. combination of flexion, extension adduction and adbuction

Superomedial

Above and toward the midline or inside

Flexion

Decreases the angle of a joint

superolateral

above and to the outside

superior

above, to the top of

lowering arm to side or thigh back to anatomical position

adduction

abduction takes place around the ___ axis

anteroposterior

Motion between the articular surfaces of bone is known as ________.

arthrokinematics

motion between the articular surfaces of bones is known as

arthrokinematics

retraction

backward movement of shoulder girdle

posterosuperior

behind and above

Posteroinferior

behind and below

Posteromedial

behind and to the inner side

posterolateral

behind and to the outside

posterior

behind, to the back of

Inferolateral

below and to the outside

Inferomedial

below and toward the midline

inferior

below, to the bottom of

bones are composed of all of the following except a. cartilage b. calcium carbonate c. calcium phosphate d. water

cartilage

opposition

diagonal movement of thumb across palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers

what term is used to describe the movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane

dorsiflexion

what term is used to describe the movement of the ankle that results int he top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the saggital plane

dorsiflexion

plantar flexion

downward movement of the foot at the ankle away from the body

depression

downward movement of the shoulder girdle

three terms that are used to describe bone markings

facet, fissure, foramen

Flexion is an example of movement in a coronal plane about an anteroposterior axis.

false

Ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when actively contracting.

false

One of the functions of articular cartilage is to separate the diaphysis and epiphysis.

false

Typical bony features include tendons, epiphysis, and articular cartilage.

false

about 50 to 60 percent of the volume of cortical bone is porous

false

both sesamoid and accessory bones occur in same numbers in individuals

false

cancellous bone is stiffer and can withstand greater stress but less stain then cortical bone

false

during the process of bone remodeling, osteoblasts resorb existing bone and osteoclasts form new bone

false

epiphyseal plates generally close by age 14 but some may be present until age 18

false

ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when activity contracting

false

the endosperm is located at the end of long bones

false

the scapula is an example of an irregular bone

false

there approximately 552 muscles in the human body

false

aging causes progressive gain of collagen and increases bone brittleness

false (loss)

distal

farthest from the center, away from point of origin

protraction

forward movement of the shoulder girdle

The frontal plane divides the body into

front and back halves

the frontal plane divides the body into

front and back halves

anteromedial

front and middle

each of the following joints allow a slight amount of motion to occur except

gomphosis

an instrument used to measure the change of joint angles is an

goniometer

proximal

in close proximity of, closest to the point of origin

anterosuperior

in front and above

Anterioinferior

in front and below

anterolateral

in front and to the side, especially the outside

extension

increase the angle of a joint

example of a transverse plane movement

internal rotation of the right shoulder

which of the following is an example of the transverse plane movement

internal rotation of the right shoulder

internal rotation

movement around the longitudinal axis of the body toward the midline

external rotation

movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone away from the midline

hyperextension

movement beyond the normal range of extension

hyperflexion

movement beyond the normal range of flexion

diagonal adduction

movement by a limb through a diagonal plane toward and across the midline of the body

abduction

movement of a body part away from the midline

adduction

movement of a body part toward the midline

horizontal abduction

movement of an upper limb through transverse plane at shoulder level away from midline

lateral flexion

movement of the head or trunk laterally away from the midline

inversion

movement of the sole of the foot inward or medially

eversion

movement of the sole of the foot outward

radial flexion

movement of the thumb side of the hand toward the forearm

movements in transverse plane

occur around the vertical axis

contralateral

opposite side

motion of the bones relative to the three cardinal planes resulting from physiological movements is known as ____

osteokinematic

Motion of the bones relative to the three cardinal planes resulting from physiological movements is known as

osteokinematic motion

volar

palmar side of the hand

supination

palms forward, radius and ulna are parallel to eachother

6 types of synovial joints

plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

which of the following is not a function performed by the skeletal system a. protection of internal organs b. support to maintain posture c. storage of minerals d. production of heat

production of heat

forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine is called___

protraction

pronation

radius lies diagonally across the ulna, palm down

reduction

return of the spinal column to anatomic position from lateral flexion

knee extension occurring from femoral condyles rotating forward on tibia as a person stands from squatting is an example of the accessory motion called

roll

if the knee were not able to slide, the femur would ___ when going from flexion to extension on a stationary tibia

roll off the front of the tibia

the three specific types of accessory motions are

roll, spin, glide

elbow extension takes place in the ______ plane

saggital

if the ______ plane runs from anterior to posterior, then its axis must run from side to side

sagittal

Ipsilateral

same side

which of the following terms means related to or situated to the left or on the left side of something

sinister

Which of the following terms refers to a position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction?

supination

which of the following terms refers to a position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtler inversion and forefoot adduction

supination

Kinesiology

the study of the principles of anatomy, physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement

anterior

to the front of, the front

Medial

to the inside (midline)

lateral

to the side, away from midline

Bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them.

true

Bones reshape themselves based upon the stresses that are placed upon them.

true

Both the size and shape of bones can limit or allow movement.

true

Collagen in bone provides flexibility and strength to resist tension.

true

Diagonal abduction is movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from midline of body.

true

Flexion or extension can occur with abduction, adduction, or rotation.

true

Most outer bone is composed of cortical bone with cancellous bone underneath.

true

bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them

true

bones continue to grow longitudinally as long as the epiphyseal plates are open

true

bones reshape themselves based upon stresses that are placed upon them

true

diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints

true

flexion or extension can occur with abduction adduction or rotation

true

the hyaline cartilage is quite resilient because it is slightly compressible and elastic

true

adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finder side of the hand toward the medial forearm is called

unlar flexion

dorsiflexion

upward movement of the foot at the ankle toward the body or toward the lower leg

elevation

upward movement of the shoulder girdle