KNH 244 joint motions
steps for naming joint actions
directional term describing the direction of action; body part that is moved; joint where the actions occurred
nonaxial movement
does not occur around an axis
rectilinear movement
entire piece in straight line
further points in axial movement move...
faster and longer distance
concave and convex...
fit together
what are the 5 major pairs of joint actions?
flexion/extension; abduction/adduction; right lateral flexion/left lateral flexion; lateral rotation/medial rotation; right rotation/left rotation
what axis does right ant left lateral flexion occur in?
frontal
what plane do abduction/adduction occur in?
frontal
what plane does eversion and inversion occur in?
frontal plane
what plane does horizontal extension/flexion occur in?
frontal plane
downward rotation
glenoid fossa or inferior side of clavicle moves inferiorly
what is an example of nonaxial movement?
glide
carpal bones gliding movement
gliding over one another to flex the wrist
scapula gliding movemnet
gliding over ribs to position arm
horizontal extension
horizontal movement in a posterior direction; horizontal abduction
horizontal flexion
horizontal movement in an anterior direction; horizontal adduction
what happens in extension?
increases joint angle
supination
is when the radius crosses back over the ulna returning to parallel; from hands down to up
what are the functions of a joint?
separate body parts to allow movement; create movement; limit movement; stabilize; mobilize
where does horizontal flexion/extension occur?
shoulder and hip
what plane does lateral and medial rotation occur in?
transverse plane
what plane does pronation/ supination occur in?
transverse plane
what plane does right and left rotation occur in?
transverse plane
opposition
when the pad of the thumb meets the pad of another finger
curvilinear movement
whole part moving in a curve
what occurs with the points moving in axial movement?
all points are moving the same degree but different distance and speed
around what axis does abduction/adduction occur in?
anterior posterior axis
around what axis does eversion and inversion occur around?
anterior posterior axis
around what axis does horizontal extension/flexion occur around?
anterior posterior axis
around what axis does upward/downward ration occur in?
anterior posterior axis
what axis does right and left lateral flexion occur around?
anterior posterior axis
lateral rotation
anterior surface of the body part rotates away from the midline
medial rotation
anterior surface of the body part rotates into midline
what portion of the skeleton does abduction/adduction occur in/
appendicular
what does lateral and medial rotation reference?
appendicular skeleton
example of concave and convex
articulation between radius and ulna and radius at radial ulnar joint; ulna stays stationary as "socket" and radius spins around it
what kind of movement can elevation and depression be?
axial or non axial
what is right and left rotation used to reference?
axial skeleton
right and left lateral flexion
axial skeleton movements swaying from left to right
what is right and left lateral flexion used in reference to?
axial skeleton only
what are the two ways hyperextension is used?
beyond what is normal/ beyond anatomical position
what is the plantar surface?
bottom of the foot
what is dorsi flexion?
bringing the foot up
protraction
brings a body part anteriorly
depression
brings a body part down
elevation
brings a body part up
retraction
brings body part posteriorly
abduction
brings part of body away from the midline of the body
adduction
brings part of body toward the midline of the body
convex
bulge out, protrudes, head of the femur
how are oblique movements described?
by the cardinal planes they move in?
examples of gliding movement
carpal bones; vertebrae bones; scapula
concave
caves in; the socket of the pelvis for the femure
what is axial motion also known as?
circular or angular movement
spin
contact point on moving component is changing while the stationary portion stay the same
glide
contact point on moving portion is constant but stationary portion is changing
roll
contact points change on moving portion and stationary portion
what plane does upward/downward rotation occur in?
coronal plane
what happens in flexion?
decreases joint angle
what is non axial movement also known as?
linear movement
examples of protraction/ retraction?
mandible and scapula
around what axis does posterior/anterior tilt occur around?
medial lateral
what axis does plantar flexion/dorsi flexion occur around?
medial lateral axis
around what axis does flexion extension occur in?
mediolateral axis
deeper concave...
more stable less flexible
what kind of movement is eversion and inversion?
movement of the carpal bones
examples of extension/flexion
neck forward and back;leg up and down; wrist up and down
axial movement
occurs around axis
pronation
occurs when radius crosses over the ulna; from hands up to down
anterior tilt?
occurs when the superior portion of the pelvis tilts anteriorly
posterior tilt?
occurs when the superior portion of the pelvis tilts posteriorly
what is anterior/posterior tilt specific to?
pelvis
inversion
plantar surface turn towards the midline
eversion
plantar surfaces turns away from the midline
what is plantar flexion?
pointing the foot down
what are the types of nonaxial movement?
rectilinear and curvilinear
reposition
returning the fingers to anatomical position
what kind of movement is seen in the knee?
roll and glide
what is an example of axial motion?
roll and spin
what are the three types of motion
roll, spin, gliding
right and left rotation
rotating axial body towards the right or left
what plane does posterior/anterior tilt occur in?
sagittal
what plane does flexion/extension occur in?
sagittal plane
what plane does plantar flexion/dorsi flexion occur?
sagittal plane
what is the upward and downward rotation specific to?
scapula and clavicle
upward rotation
scapula's glenoid fossa or inferior side of clavicle moves inferiorly
closer points in axial movement move...
slower and shorter distance
what kind of movement generally occurs and concave and convex points?
spinning
around what axis does medial and lateral rotation occur?
superior inferior axis
around what axis does pronation/supination occur in?
superior inferior axis
around what axis does right and left rotation occur in?
superior inferior axis
what are the reference point for toes and fingers?
the second toe and middle finger
what is opposition/reposition specific to?
the thumb
what is the dorsal surface?
top of the foot