Persian Wars

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Hellenism

A blend of Greek, Egyptian. and Persian

What god/goddess did the Athenian people trust Athens to when they evacuated Athens?

Athena

Polis

Greek city-state

Helots

Spartan slaves

Who died because of the plague?

1/4 of the Athenian population, and Pericles (the Athenian commander)

What happens to the Athenians during the war that puts them at a disadvantage?

plague strikes

Delian League

140 city-states that wanted the Persians to stay gone, so they paid taxes to Athens to build up their navy to keep Persia away

How many men did the Greeks lose during the Battle of Plataea?

154

Who did the Persians send over to fight the Greeks on day one of the Battle of Thermopylae?

20,000 Persian soldiers

Perioikoi

2nd class in Sparta ( the people that live in the outskirts of Sparta)

Socrates

believed you learned best by asking questions (philosopher)

How many Persians escaped from the Battle of Plataea? Where did they escape to?

3000 escaped to Asia

How long did Xerxes wait before he attacked the Persians at Thermopylae and begin the Battle of Thermopylae?

4 days

Who is the Persian king (and also was furious with the Athenians for helping the Ionian Greeks and promised revenge on them)

Darius

Who was the runner for Athens (was sent to beg Sparta for help)

Pheidippides

How much of the Persian fleet was lost after the Battle of Salamis?

1/3 of the Persian fleet was destroyed

Darius 3

Alexander The Great's "mortal enemy"

After Athen's attack on Syracuse, what are some disadvantages that Athens how faces?

Athen's treasury is empty, fleet depleted

Triremes

Athenian ships that are long and narrow and built to ram other ships

Who won the Battle of Salamis?

Athens (Greeks)

Who was the Peloponnesian war between?

Athens and Sparta

What causes the Peloponnesian war?

Athens builds large walls around their city, and when Sparta's Helots revolt, Athens responds to their request for help, but when the Athenians get to Sparta, the Spartans send them back

Gaugamela

Battle when Alexander The Great conquers Mesopotamia

Piraeus

City connected to Athens by long walls during the Polyponnesian wars

Lykurgus

Convinces Spartans to make a military city-state because of the Helot revolts

Ephors

Council in Sparta (Enforcers- enforced the laws)

After the Battle of Marathon, Darius (Persia's leader) dies, but who is his son and what does he convince him of before he dies?

Darius's son is Xerxes, and he convinces him to continue the fight with Greece and beat them.

What happened on day 3 of the Battle of Thermopylae?

Ephialtes (a Greek traitor) informs Xerxes of a hidden mountain pass

What did the Athenians do when the Battle of Salamis started?

Evacuated Athens

Parmenion

Fought for Phillip 2, rode with Alexander The Great in his first battle, (his BFF)

Who had the better, longer weapons?

Greeks

Miletos

Ionian coast city

Darius 2

King during Persian wars

What were some advantages Athens had over Sparta?

Lots of money from the Delian League, many allies, strong navy, protected by walls, access to Piraeus (a port) for trade

Who was left in charge of the Persian army?

Mardonius

Where did the Athenian people put the Women and children when they were evacuating Athens?

On Trozen (an island)

Who wins the Battle of Thermopylae?

Persia

How many soldiers did the Persians have compared to the Athenians?

Persians- 25,000 men Athenians- 10,000 men

How many troops did the Persians have during the Battle of Plataea? Greeks?

Persians- 260,000 Greeks- 100,000

What strategy did the Greeks have when the Persians surround them?

Send Athenians home to defend Athens (Persia's next stop after Thermopylae) and leave 300 of Sparta's finest soldiers to fight the Persians alone

Who did the Athenians ask for help during the Battle of Marathon?

Sparta

Who was fighting with Athens during the Battle of Thermopylae?

Spartans

Minoans

Spoke linear A (cannot read)

Myceneans

Spoke linear B (can read)

What were some advantages Sparta had over Athens?

Strong army

Who won the Battle of Marathon?

The Athenians

How did the Athenians meet the Persians in battle to throw them off?

The Athenians ran to meet the Persians instead of the customary walk

How did the Athenian army Strategize in order to face the Persian army in battle without being surrounded

The Athenians weakened their center so they could spread out and line up evenly with the Persians

What was the first of the Persian Wars?

The Battle of Marathon

Who did the Persians have to help them during the Battle of Salamis?

The Egyptians, and Phoenicians

What started the Persian Wars?

The Ionian Greeks revolted against the Persians in 499 B.C.

Who is the Battle of Marathon between?

The Persians and the Athenians

Ekkleisa

The assembley (Govt.)

Chaeronea

The battle when Phillip 2 conquers Greece

Companions

The calvary group that Alexander The Great rode with

Homoioi

The highest class in Sparta (the citizens)

Acropolis

The steep hill that houses were built on

Who did the Ionian Greeks ask for aide during their revolt against the Persians?

Their Athenian neighbors

What did the Persians do when they reached Athens?

They burned Athens

What do the Persians do after the Battle of Marathon?

They go attack Athens because the whole Athenian army is in Marathon

What does the Athenian army do when they find out that the Persian army is going to attack Athens?

They send Pheidippides to run to Athens from Marathon which is 26 miles (the modern day marathon) and warn citizens

What were some disadvantages Sparta had for fighting Athens?

Very few allies, didn't have lots of money, fear of Helot revolts (had to return to Sparta every 3 weeks)

Demosthenes

Warned that Greeks were coming

Ostracism

When one person has too much power so they get "kicked out" of the country for 10 years

Who fled after the Battle of Salamis?

Xerxes, the Persian leader

What are some advantages that Sparta has over Athens after their attack on Syracuse?

able to encourage Athenian allies to revolt, gained support from Persians, able to stop Athenian supply of grain (starvation)

What was the Delian League?

an alliance of 140 Greek city-states that wanted to rid Persians from all Greek lands. Since Athens had the superior navy, all of the city-states paid taxes to Athens to build up their navy, so if Persia was ever to return, Athens would have a great navy and beat them.

Michael Ventrus

decoded linear B

What happens after Pheidippides tells the Athenian citizens what to do to prepare for the Persians?

he drops dead from exhaustion/dehydration

Who is Themistocles and what does he become?

he is the military general for Athens and he becomes the most powerful leader in Athens

How does Xerxes use the information that Ephialtes gives him?

he surrounds the Greeks on both sides

Where did the Battle of Marathon take place?

in Marathon

Why is the Battle of Marathon significant?

it's the first time a Greek army beats a Persian army

What comes of Athens after the war?

loses their entire navy, and looses democracy and control of their city

Did the Spartans ever make it to the Battle of Marathon? Why or why not?

no, they were in the middle of a religious ceremony when Pheidippides came to them and asked for help

Where did the Battle of Salamis take place?

on the coast of Salamis, in the ocean

What does Pheidippides tell the citizens of Athens to do to prepare for the Persian army coming?

tells citizens to line up on the beach where they would be meeting the Persians, so it would appear that the Athenians had an army

Who did the Persians send over to fight the Greeks on day two of the Battle of Thermopylae?

the 10,000 Immortals or (the royal bodyguards) the best of the best

What comes of Sparta after the war?

they are the dominant force in Greece, and are able to take down Athen's walls.

What depleted most of Athen's fleet?

they sent 27,000 soldiers to destroy Syracuse and ended up losing most of their fleet & soldiers

When the Persians come and see all of the people on the beach, what do they do?

they turn around and go back to Persia


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