Persian Wars
Hellenism
A blend of Greek, Egyptian. and Persian
What god/goddess did the Athenian people trust Athens to when they evacuated Athens?
Athena
Polis
Greek city-state
Helots
Spartan slaves
Who died because of the plague?
1/4 of the Athenian population, and Pericles (the Athenian commander)
What happens to the Athenians during the war that puts them at a disadvantage?
plague strikes
Delian League
140 city-states that wanted the Persians to stay gone, so they paid taxes to Athens to build up their navy to keep Persia away
How many men did the Greeks lose during the Battle of Plataea?
154
Who did the Persians send over to fight the Greeks on day one of the Battle of Thermopylae?
20,000 Persian soldiers
Perioikoi
2nd class in Sparta ( the people that live in the outskirts of Sparta)
Socrates
believed you learned best by asking questions (philosopher)
How many Persians escaped from the Battle of Plataea? Where did they escape to?
3000 escaped to Asia
How long did Xerxes wait before he attacked the Persians at Thermopylae and begin the Battle of Thermopylae?
4 days
Who is the Persian king (and also was furious with the Athenians for helping the Ionian Greeks and promised revenge on them)
Darius
Who was the runner for Athens (was sent to beg Sparta for help)
Pheidippides
How much of the Persian fleet was lost after the Battle of Salamis?
1/3 of the Persian fleet was destroyed
Darius 3
Alexander The Great's "mortal enemy"
After Athen's attack on Syracuse, what are some disadvantages that Athens how faces?
Athen's treasury is empty, fleet depleted
Triremes
Athenian ships that are long and narrow and built to ram other ships
Who won the Battle of Salamis?
Athens (Greeks)
Who was the Peloponnesian war between?
Athens and Sparta
What causes the Peloponnesian war?
Athens builds large walls around their city, and when Sparta's Helots revolt, Athens responds to their request for help, but when the Athenians get to Sparta, the Spartans send them back
Gaugamela
Battle when Alexander The Great conquers Mesopotamia
Piraeus
City connected to Athens by long walls during the Polyponnesian wars
Lykurgus
Convinces Spartans to make a military city-state because of the Helot revolts
Ephors
Council in Sparta (Enforcers- enforced the laws)
After the Battle of Marathon, Darius (Persia's leader) dies, but who is his son and what does he convince him of before he dies?
Darius's son is Xerxes, and he convinces him to continue the fight with Greece and beat them.
What happened on day 3 of the Battle of Thermopylae?
Ephialtes (a Greek traitor) informs Xerxes of a hidden mountain pass
What did the Athenians do when the Battle of Salamis started?
Evacuated Athens
Parmenion
Fought for Phillip 2, rode with Alexander The Great in his first battle, (his BFF)
Who had the better, longer weapons?
Greeks
Miletos
Ionian coast city
Darius 2
King during Persian wars
What were some advantages Athens had over Sparta?
Lots of money from the Delian League, many allies, strong navy, protected by walls, access to Piraeus (a port) for trade
Who was left in charge of the Persian army?
Mardonius
Where did the Athenian people put the Women and children when they were evacuating Athens?
On Trozen (an island)
Who wins the Battle of Thermopylae?
Persia
How many soldiers did the Persians have compared to the Athenians?
Persians- 25,000 men Athenians- 10,000 men
How many troops did the Persians have during the Battle of Plataea? Greeks?
Persians- 260,000 Greeks- 100,000
What strategy did the Greeks have when the Persians surround them?
Send Athenians home to defend Athens (Persia's next stop after Thermopylae) and leave 300 of Sparta's finest soldiers to fight the Persians alone
Who did the Athenians ask for help during the Battle of Marathon?
Sparta
Who was fighting with Athens during the Battle of Thermopylae?
Spartans
Minoans
Spoke linear A (cannot read)
Myceneans
Spoke linear B (can read)
What were some advantages Sparta had over Athens?
Strong army
Who won the Battle of Marathon?
The Athenians
How did the Athenians meet the Persians in battle to throw them off?
The Athenians ran to meet the Persians instead of the customary walk
How did the Athenian army Strategize in order to face the Persian army in battle without being surrounded
The Athenians weakened their center so they could spread out and line up evenly with the Persians
What was the first of the Persian Wars?
The Battle of Marathon
Who did the Persians have to help them during the Battle of Salamis?
The Egyptians, and Phoenicians
What started the Persian Wars?
The Ionian Greeks revolted against the Persians in 499 B.C.
Who is the Battle of Marathon between?
The Persians and the Athenians
Ekkleisa
The assembley (Govt.)
Chaeronea
The battle when Phillip 2 conquers Greece
Companions
The calvary group that Alexander The Great rode with
Homoioi
The highest class in Sparta (the citizens)
Acropolis
The steep hill that houses were built on
Who did the Ionian Greeks ask for aide during their revolt against the Persians?
Their Athenian neighbors
What did the Persians do when they reached Athens?
They burned Athens
What do the Persians do after the Battle of Marathon?
They go attack Athens because the whole Athenian army is in Marathon
What does the Athenian army do when they find out that the Persian army is going to attack Athens?
They send Pheidippides to run to Athens from Marathon which is 26 miles (the modern day marathon) and warn citizens
What were some disadvantages Sparta had for fighting Athens?
Very few allies, didn't have lots of money, fear of Helot revolts (had to return to Sparta every 3 weeks)
Demosthenes
Warned that Greeks were coming
Ostracism
When one person has too much power so they get "kicked out" of the country for 10 years
Who fled after the Battle of Salamis?
Xerxes, the Persian leader
What are some advantages that Sparta has over Athens after their attack on Syracuse?
able to encourage Athenian allies to revolt, gained support from Persians, able to stop Athenian supply of grain (starvation)
What was the Delian League?
an alliance of 140 Greek city-states that wanted to rid Persians from all Greek lands. Since Athens had the superior navy, all of the city-states paid taxes to Athens to build up their navy, so if Persia was ever to return, Athens would have a great navy and beat them.
Michael Ventrus
decoded linear B
What happens after Pheidippides tells the Athenian citizens what to do to prepare for the Persians?
he drops dead from exhaustion/dehydration
Who is Themistocles and what does he become?
he is the military general for Athens and he becomes the most powerful leader in Athens
How does Xerxes use the information that Ephialtes gives him?
he surrounds the Greeks on both sides
Where did the Battle of Marathon take place?
in Marathon
Why is the Battle of Marathon significant?
it's the first time a Greek army beats a Persian army
What comes of Athens after the war?
loses their entire navy, and looses democracy and control of their city
Did the Spartans ever make it to the Battle of Marathon? Why or why not?
no, they were in the middle of a religious ceremony when Pheidippides came to them and asked for help
Where did the Battle of Salamis take place?
on the coast of Salamis, in the ocean
What does Pheidippides tell the citizens of Athens to do to prepare for the Persian army coming?
tells citizens to line up on the beach where they would be meeting the Persians, so it would appear that the Athenians had an army
Who did the Persians send over to fight the Greeks on day two of the Battle of Thermopylae?
the 10,000 Immortals or (the royal bodyguards) the best of the best
What comes of Sparta after the war?
they are the dominant force in Greece, and are able to take down Athen's walls.
What depleted most of Athen's fleet?
they sent 27,000 soldiers to destroy Syracuse and ended up losing most of their fleet & soldiers
When the Persians come and see all of the people on the beach, what do they do?
they turn around and go back to Persia
