Knowledge Check - Politics C, D, and E

What feeds each of us information that supports views we already have, and creates the conditions for us to be more susceptible to falsehoods and conspiracy theories? (Hint: the word starts with the letter "A")

Algorithms

Propaganda is the premeditated selection of what we see and hear designed to influence or shape one's attitude, beliefs and opinions. Today, propaganda is euphemistically referred to by which of the following?

All of the above

"Media Bias" is the bias within the mass media in the selection of events and stories that are reported and how they are covered. Which of the following types of media bias involves leaving one side out of an article, or a series of articles over a period of time or ignoring facts that tend to disprove or support liberal or conservative claims?

Bias by Omission

Which of the following types of media bias occurs when the story has only one interpretation of an event or policy, to the exclusion of the other, when a reporter's subjective comments about objective facts that makes one side's ideological perspective look better than another?

Bias by Spin

Which of the following types of media bias involves the pattern of highlighting news stories that coincide with the agenda of either the Left or the Right, while ignoring stories that coincide with the opposing view.

Bias by Story Selection

"_______________ culture" refers to the popular practice of withdrawing support for individuals and companies after they have done or said something considered objectionable or offensive.

Cancel

What type of bias refers to the tendency to search for information in a way that affirms one's preexisting beliefs while ignoring other factual data?

Confirmation Bias

According to brain structure studies, _______________ tended on the whole to have a larger right amygdala, a deeper brain structure that processes more emotional information —specifically "fear-based" information.

Conservatives

In personality studies, __________________ tend to rate higher in areas of stability, loyalty, not liking change and incorporating religion when it comes to making certain choices.

Conservatives

Which of the following is purposefully false or misleading content shared with an intent to deceive and cause harm.

Disinformation

Which of the following is a social epistemic structure from which other relevant voices have been actively excluded and discredited? In other words, people have been brought to systematically distrust all outside sources.

Echo Chamber

Epistemic means of or relating to knowledge or the conditions for acquiring it, like the journey to find new sources of truth. Which of the following is a social epistemic structure in which other relevant voices have been left out, perhaps accidentally.

Epistemic Bubble

Which of the following means holding fast to beliefs that are rooted in a false and insular reality despite their being outside evidence to the contrary.

Epistemic Closure

"________ news" are those news stories that are false and exists within a larger ecosystem of misinformation and disinformation.

Fake News

The techniques of propaganda were pioneered in the second half of the 20th century.

False

There are no real psychological differences between conservatives or liberals.

False

Political _______________ has been described as having more loyalty to the political tribe ... than loyalty to anything else with an "us versus them" mentality

Fidelity

According to Eli Pariser: "We get trapped in a "_____________" and don't get exposed to information that could challenge or broaden our worldview."

Filter Bubble

_____________ politics is when people of a particular race, ethnicity, gender, or religion form alliances and organize politically to defend their group's interests

Identity

An ______________ is an organized collection of assumptions, beliefs, ideas, values, and opinions concerning life, society, economics and politics.

Ideology

According to brain structure studies, _________ tend to have a larger anterior cingulate gyrus, which is an area that is responsible for taking in new information and the impact of the new information on decision making or choices.

Liberals

In personality studies, __________________ have stronger ratings in terms of liking change, as well as wanting to actually base decision-making on new information, specifically scientific information.

Liberals

Which of the following is false, misleading, or out-of-context content shared without an intent to deceive people.

Misinformation

Political _________________ refers to the vast and growing gap between Republicans and Democrats. On average, Democrats and Republicans are farther apart ideologically today than at any time in the past 50 years.

Polarization

"_________________" to accept an argument based on their emotions and beliefs, rather than one based on facts. In other words, shared, objective standards for truth have disappeared.

Post-truth

Which of the following techniques of propaganda was the central cause of the Capital insurrection on January 6, 2020?

The Big Lie

Ideological management refers to the creation and distribution of knowledge in society. Which of the following "ideological managers" continues to influence us throughout our lives especially because of the internet and filter bubbles?

The Media

According to cognitive scientist and linguist George Lakoff, conservatives and liberals have similar models of morality.

True

According to some scholars, the mass communication media of the U.S. are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a propaganda model of communication with "five filters."

True

Early propogandists like Edward Bernays (the "father of public relations") could successfully penetrate the human psyche to manipulate people's irrational forces within them to shape their behavior.

True

Everyone is biased — and that's okay. There's no such thing as unbiased news. But hidden media bias misleads, manipulates and divides us.

True

Today, focus groups are used to identify the right language (words) that emotionally resonates with people in order to shift their opinions on an issue or a candidate.

True

Two people can literally watch and rea different sources of news and almost occupy two different realities in terms of how they see the world.

True

"__________" refers to an awareness about racial injustice and other issues of social inequality regarding gender and sexual orientation.

Wokeism