kognity

Ionic bonds will form between what two types of element?

metal and non metal

How are elements with the same number of valence electrons organised in the periodic table: in vertical groups or horizontal periods?

vertical groups

When an electron falls back to energy level 2 emitting energy as light, what part of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall into?

visible

What is the charge on an alkali metal ion?

1+

What are the charges formed on the following ions: Na, Cl and Al?

1+, 1-, 3+

Halogens always form what type of charged ion?

1-

What is the relative mass of an electron when compared to that of a proton or neutron? Answer as a fraction.

1/1840

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held by the d sub level?

10

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 5d sub-energy level?

10

A sample of element Z, which has two isotopes, is made up of 75% Z-12 and 25% Z-13. What is the relative atomic mass, Ar of Z?

12.25

A sample of element X is made up of 80% X-13 and 20% X-11. What is the relative atomic mass, Ar, of X?

12.6

A sample of an element X is made up of 11% X-17 and 89% X-13. What is the relative atomic mass, Ar, of element X?

13.44

A sample of element Z is made up of two-thirds Z-15 and one-third Z-20. What is the relative atomic mass, Ar of element Z?

16.7

What is the electron configuration for an atom with atomic number (Z) = 22?

1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2

The series of lines in the visible region occurs when a hydrogen electron falls back down to energy level...?

2

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in a px orbital?

2

What are the charges formed on the following ions: Sr, K and F?

2+, 1+, 1-

What are the charges formed on the following ions: Mg, Ba and S?

2+, 2+, 2-

What is the total number of electrons in the d orbitals of an atom of tin, 50Sn?

20

A transition metal ion has the electronic configuration X3+ = [Ar]3d4. What is the atomic number of element X?

25

What are the charges formed on the most common ions of the following elements: Ga, O and At? The final value for astatine will be a predicted value as this element is very rare.

3+, 2-, 1-

How many unpaired electrons would the Fe2+ ion be expected to have?

4

How many valence electrons (electrons in the outermost shell) are present in the element of atomic number 14?

4

Which of the following atomic orbitals is the lower in energy, the 4s or the 3d?

4s

For which element would neutral isolated atoms have two half-filled orbitals in the ground state?

6C

What is the total number of p orbitals containing one or more electrons in an atom of germanium (atomic number 32)?

8

Which one of the following atoms will have the same number of neutrons as an atom of 8838Sr?

8737Rb

An atom of chlorine has the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p5. How many atomic orbitals are in this atom occupied by at least one electron?

9

Ionically bonded molecules form giant structures. What is the name of these structures?

A giant ionic lattice

The element that corresponds to period 2 and group 13 is...

B

For which of the following elements are the group and period number identical?

Be

Atoms of an element are made up of 5 protons and 5 neutrons, identify the element.

Boron

Place the following elements in increasing order of relative atomic mass, Ar: Mg, Sn, F and C

C, F, Mg, Sn

An atom of an element is made up of 29 protons and 35 neutrons, identify the element.

Copper

All isotopes of uranium have the same: I number of protons II number of neutrons III mass number

I only

Which of the following particles contains more electrons than neutrons? I 11H II 3517Cl− III 2311Na+

I only

What is the convergence limit of a series of spectral lines of an atom evidence of?

Ionisation

Which is an incorrect statement about the atomic emission spectrum of hydrogen?

It is a continuous spectrum.

An ion formed from an atom of an element has a 4+ charge. The number of electrons present = 21 and the number of neutrons = 30. Identify the element.

Manganese

What is the name generally given to the group 18 elements?

Noble Gases

A particle derived from element X has a 2- charge. The number of electrons present = 10, and the number of neutrons = 8. Identify the element.

Oxygen

What could cause the promotion of an electron from a lower to a higher energy level?

Passage of electrical discharge through a sample of the element

Identify the following element from its electron arrangement (or configuration): 2,8,5 (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3)

Phosphorus

An element has the electron arrangement 2,8,6. What is the element?

S

Identify the element with the following electron arrangement: 2,8,8,3.

Scandium

Do the lines in the visible spectrum of hydrogen converge at short or long wavelengths?

Short wavelengths

What is the formula for the compound formed by strontium and nitrogen?

Sr3N2

An isotope of an element has atoms made up of 38 protons and 49 neutrons, identify the element concerned.

Strontium

What information about the structure of a helium atom can be gained from its emission spectrum?

The electrons may exist in any of several fixed energy levels.

What increases in equal steps of one from left to right in the Periodic Table for the elements lithium to neon?

The number of electrons in the atom

Naturally occurring chlorine consists of the isotopes chlorine-35 and chlorine-37. The relative atomic mass of chlorine is 35.50. Which one of the following statements is true?

There are three times as many as chlorine-35 atoms as chlorine-37 atoms.

Which of the following statements about the isotopes of an element is correct?

They have the same electron arrangement or configuration.

Why was the Bohr theory of the atom developed?

To account for the emission or line spectrum of hydrogen atoms.

A group 1 element, X, bonds with a group 17 element, Y. What is the most likely formula and type of bonding in this compound?

XY ionic

What is the electron configuration of Fe3+?

[Ar]3d5

What is the electron configuration of the Fe3+ ion in its ground state?

[Ar]3d5

What is the electron configuration of the Co3+ ion?

[Ar]3d6

How are elements ordered in the periodic table?

according to increasing number of protons

The 1+ ion is characteristic of which group of elements?

alkali metals

A particular element consists of two isotopes: 72% of mass number 85 and 28% of mass number 87. What is the expected range of the relative atomic mass?

between 85 and 86

An ion formed from an atom of an element has a 1- charge. The number of electrons present is 36 and the number of neutrons is 46. Identify the element.

bromine

Which isotope is used to date organic matter?

carbon-14

As a result of the transfer of electrons, one atom loses electrons and becomes positively charged. What is another name for this type of ion, related to its direction of movement in electrolysis?

cation

Identify the following element, [Ar] 3d10 4s1.

copper

In which block of the periodic table are the transition elements found?

d block

What does the emission spectra of elements give evidence for?

discrete energy levels in an atom

Hund's rule states that:

electrons fill orbitals of the same energy to give a maximum number of electrons with the same spin

The Aufbau principle for filling the atomic orbitals of an atom states:

electrons fill sub-levels from the lowest energy level upwards

What are the forces broken when melting an ionic compound?

electrostatic attraction

What is the order of the atomic orbitals in decreasing energy:

f,d,p,s

Identify the following element, 1s2 2s2 2p5.

fluorine

Identify the following element, [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1.

gallium

Spectra have been used to study the arrangements of electrons in atoms. An emission spectrum consists of a series of bright lines on a black background that converge at high frequencies. Such emission spectra provide evidence that electrons are moving from

higher to lower energy levels with the higher energy levels being closer together.

What can the emission spectrum of an element be used for?

identification of the element

What type of bond will be formed between Sr and O?

ionic

What is the difference between continuous and line spectra?

line can only have certain frequencies of light, continuous is where all frequencies of light are present

The order of the elements in the periodic table follows the pattern of orbital filling according to the Aufbau principle. By this principle, when building up an electron configuration, electrons fill the energy levels starting from the highest, or lowest, in energy level first?

lowest

An ion formed from an atom of an element has a 2+ charge. The number of electrons present is 10 and the number of neutrons is 12. Identify the element.

magnesium

Which of the following compounds contains ionic bonds?

magnesium chloride, MgCl2

Do the isotopes of an element differ in their atomic (proton) or mass (nucleon) number, or both of these? Answer with just one of the following possible answers: both, atomic number, mass number.

mass

Which combination of elements typically bond ionically with each other?

metals with non-metals

Which of the following elements has atoms with an electron arrangement of 2.8, or an electron configuration of 1s22s22p6?

neon

Isotopes vary in which of the following components of an atom?

neutrons

The isotopic mass of an atom is made up of the mass of which sub-atomic particles?

neutrons + protons

In what form is the energy of the promoted electron released to produce a line in an emission spectrum?

photon of light

Which description best fits the bond formed between Si and O?

polar covalent bond

The Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule relate to which feature of atomic structure?

putting electrons into orbitals

In the periodic table, vertical groups of elements show similarities in their chemical properties. This can be best explained by the:

similarities in the electronic structures of the atoms

A chemical element with the symbol X has the electron arrangement 2,8,6 (electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4). Which chemical species is this chemical element most likely to form?

the compound H2X

Emission and absorption spectra both provide evidence for:

the existence of atomic energy levels

The Pauli exclusion principle states that:

the maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2. These two electrons must have opposite spins

Ionic bonding occurs between two atoms when they ___________ electrons. Fill in the blank with transfer or share.

transfer