(L) Face & Neck - Chapter 12

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A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:

10 mm

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than what is indicative of thyroid enlargement?

10 mm

What does a normal isthmus measure?

2-6 mm

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?

4

What should the pear shaped thyroid measure?

4-6 cm sag 2-3 cm trv 1-2 in thickness

Which of the following best describes a normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?

A hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum

Name 3 diagnostic findings of a benign thyroid nodule:

Anechoic Eggshell Calcification Hyperechoic Nodule

Sonographic findings of BENIGN thyroid nodules:

Anechoic nodule Eggshell calcification Hyperechoic nodule

What do Graves and Hashimoto have in common?

Both yield increased vascularity

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:

Branchial cleft cyst

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?

Calcium

What is more likely to be a malignant thyroid nodule - hot or cold nodule?

Cold nodule

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:

Colloid

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?

Common carotid artery

What type of gland is the thyroid?

Endocrine

What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland?

Esophagus

Which of the following is associated with congenital muscular torticollis?

Fibromatosis colli

What is the general term for thyroid enlargement?

Goiter

A 30 yr old patient presents to the sonography department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Graves disease

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease

Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?

Graves disease

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Sonographic findings of MALIGNANT thyroid nodules:

Internal Calcifications Solitary Mass Cervical node involvement

Name 3 sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules:

Internal Calcs Solitary Mass Cervical Node involvement

What does the thyroid gland utilize to produce its hormones?

Iodine

Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?

Longus colli

A 45 yr old female patient presents to the sonography dept with a palpable neck mass 6 months following a thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Whats the most likely etiology of the palpable mass?

Lymphadenopathy

Which of the following is the most common form of Salivary gland cancer?

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

What is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

Papillary

A patient with hypercalcemia presents to the sonography department for a neck sonogram. What abnormality in the neck should be suspected?

Parathyroid adenoma

Elevated PTH & Serum calcium?

Parathyroid adenoma

If a pt has elevated serum calcium (hypercalcemia) what should you evaluate the neck carefully for?

Parathyroid adenoma

Which of the following is elevated serum calcium associated with?

Parathyroid adenoma

Which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear?

Parotid gland

Psamomma bodies are:

Punctate calcific deposits

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is the?

Pyramidal lobe

Name 3 sonographic findings of an abnormal lymph node:

Rounded shape Calcifications Enlargement

Sonographic findings of Abnormal Lymph nodes:

Rounded shape Calcifications Enlargement

What does "Sia" mean?

Saliva

Which of the following is the term for stones within the salivary duct?

Sialolithiasis

What is an autoimmune disease that affects the glans that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, and dryness of the eyes, nose, skin and mouth?

Sjögren Syndrome

Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect?

Sternocleidomastoid

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?

Sternocleidomastoid

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

Strap

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

Superior thyroid artery

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:

Thyroglossal duct cysts

What hormone is most abdundantly produced by the thyroid?

Thyroxine

What are the hormones produced by the thyroid:

Thyroxine Triiodothyronine Calcitonin

What is the duct that drains the submandibular gland?

Wharton duct

In the presence of hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces:

too few thyroid hormones


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