(L) Face & Neck - Chapter 12
A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:
10 mm
A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than what is indicative of thyroid enlargement?
10 mm
What does a normal isthmus measure?
2-6 mm
Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?
4
What should the pear shaped thyroid measure?
4-6 cm sag 2-3 cm trv 1-2 in thickness
Which of the following best describes a normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?
A hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum
Name 3 diagnostic findings of a benign thyroid nodule:
Anechoic Eggshell Calcification Hyperechoic Nodule
Sonographic findings of BENIGN thyroid nodules:
Anechoic nodule Eggshell calcification Hyperechoic nodule
What do Graves and Hashimoto have in common?
Both yield increased vascularity
A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:
Branchial cleft cyst
Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?
Calcium
What is more likely to be a malignant thyroid nodule - hot or cold nodule?
Cold nodule
The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:
Colloid
Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?
Common carotid artery
What type of gland is the thyroid?
Endocrine
What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland?
Esophagus
Which of the following is associated with congenital muscular torticollis?
Fibromatosis colli
What is the general term for thyroid enlargement?
Goiter
A 30 yr old patient presents to the sonography department for a thyroid sonogram with a history of weight loss, hair loss and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Graves disease
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease
Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?
Graves disease
What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Sonographic findings of MALIGNANT thyroid nodules:
Internal Calcifications Solitary Mass Cervical node involvement
Name 3 sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules:
Internal Calcs Solitary Mass Cervical Node involvement
What does the thyroid gland utilize to produce its hormones?
Iodine
Which muscles are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?
Longus colli
A 45 yr old female patient presents to the sonography dept with a palpable neck mass 6 months following a thyroidectomy for papillary carcinoma. Whats the most likely etiology of the palpable mass?
Lymphadenopathy
Which of the following is the most common form of Salivary gland cancer?
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
What is the most common form of thyroid cancer?
Papillary
A patient with hypercalcemia presents to the sonography department for a neck sonogram. What abnormality in the neck should be suspected?
Parathyroid adenoma
Elevated PTH & Serum calcium?
Parathyroid adenoma
If a pt has elevated serum calcium (hypercalcemia) what should you evaluate the neck carefully for?
Parathyroid adenoma
Which of the following is elevated serum calcium associated with?
Parathyroid adenoma
Which gland is located immediately anterior to the ear?
Parotid gland
Psamomma bodies are:
Punctate calcific deposits
The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is the?
Pyramidal lobe
Name 3 sonographic findings of an abnormal lymph node:
Rounded shape Calcifications Enlargement
Sonographic findings of Abnormal Lymph nodes:
Rounded shape Calcifications Enlargement
What does "Sia" mean?
Saliva
Which of the following is the term for stones within the salivary duct?
Sialolithiasis
What is an autoimmune disease that affects the glans that produce moisture, leading to dysfunction of the salivary glands, and dryness of the eyes, nose, skin and mouth?
Sjögren Syndrome
Which muscle does fibromatosis colli mostly affect?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?
Strap
What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?
Superior thyroid artery
Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:
Thyroglossal duct cysts
What hormone is most abdundantly produced by the thyroid?
Thyroxine
What are the hormones produced by the thyroid:
Thyroxine Triiodothyronine Calcitonin
What is the duct that drains the submandibular gland?
Wharton duct
In the presence of hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces:
too few thyroid hormones