LAB 1 The Vocab of Anatomy

____ is the double membrane located between parts of the small intestine.

Mesentery

know the abdominopelvic quadrants know the abdominopelvic regions

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ left hypochondriac, epigastric, right hypochondriac left lumbar, umbilical, right lumbar left inguinal, hypogastric, right inguinal

VENTRAL BODY CAVITY CONT. The ___ cavity is inferior to the diaphragm and has two major parts: (2) The abdominal cavity contains the..... The pelvic cavity contains the ......

abdominopelvic cavity abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity stomach, liver, pancreas, and other organs, including most of the intestines urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and the rectum (part of the large intestine)

THE UPPER LIMBS The upper limbs include the shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands. The shoulders attach to the trunk and have a point called the ___ region. The arm, or ___ region, extends from the shoulder and axillary regions to the elbow. The elbow has an ___ region and ___ region. The forearm, or ___ region, extends from the elbow to the wrist, or ___ region. The hand, or ___ region, includes the ___ and ___ regions. The digital region is also called the ___ region (phalanx, line of soldiers), because it looks like a line of soldiers lined up for battle. The ___ region is the thumb.

acromial, brachial antecubital (front of elbow), olecranal (point of elbow) antebrachial carpal, manual palmar, digital phalangeal pollex

In ___ position, the person is standing erect with the head, palms, and feet facing forward, the feet slightly apart, and the arms by the sides

anatomical

Directional Terms. ___: Toward the front ___: Toward the back or behind a structure ___: Toward the inferior end of spine ___: on opposite sides of the midline ___: on the same side of the midline ___: Away from the body's surface or part ___: Toward or on the body's surface or part ___: away from the point of origin of a part. ___: closer to the point of origin of a part ___: back or toward the back ___: toward the front ___: below or toward the feet ___: above or toward the head ___: between two structures ___: away from a midline or toward the side ___: Toward a midline or the inner side

anterior posterior caudal contralateral ipsilateral deep superficial distal proximal dorsal ventral inferior superior intermediate lateral medial

The ___ region, so-named because its parts append (attach) to different parts of the ___ region, includes the ___ and ___ limbs.

appendicular axial upper, lower

At the most basic level of gross anatomy, we can divide the body into two major regions: the ___ and ___ regions. The axial region, so-named because it forms the body's ___ or central "core," includes the ___, ___, and ___ regions

axial appendicular axis head, neck, trunk

THE HEAD AND NECK (BODY REGIONS) The head is the ___ region. It includes a dome-shaped ___, which holds the brain, and a flattened ___. The cranium includes the ___, ___, and ___ regions. The face contains the ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___ regions. The neck is the ___ region, which connects the head to the trunk.

cephalic cranium, face frontal, occipital, otic nasal, orbital, buccal, oral cervical

DORSAL BODY CAVITY The dorsal body cavity is the more POSTERIOR of the body's two major cavities and it consists of two parts: a ____ cavity and a ____ cavity. The ___ cavity, which is located inside the cranium of the cephalic region, is the more superior cavity and holds the brain. The ___ (spinal) cavity is in the vertebral region and holds the spinal cord. The cranial and vertebral cavities are ___ with one another; that is, there is no barrier between them

cranial, vertebral cranial vertebral continuous

BODY CAVITIES The bodies two major body cavities. 3 major functions

dorsal and ventral cavities 1. They provide a location to hold vital organs 2. protect vital organs from the external environment 3. allow room for certain internal organs, such as the heart and lungs, to expand without compressing adjacent organs.

THE TRUNK (POSTERIOR) The major regions on the posterior side of the trunk include the ____ ("back;" all parts of the back except the lower back), ____ (shoulder blade), ___ (hip), ___, ___ (loin), ___, and ___ ("buttock") regions. The ___ region is the spinal column area. However, vertebra means "__ __," referring to the spinal column's ability to turn or twist the back. The ___ region is between the hips. Sacral means "___," referring to the fact that some ancient cultures thought a part of the skeleton in this region would rise from the dead

dorsum scapular, coxal, vertebral, lumbar, sacral, gluteal vertebral to turn sacral sacred

THE LOWER LIMBS The lower limbs include the buttocks, thighs, legs, and feet. The buttocks, or ___ regions, attach to the trunk and are common sites for injecting drugs. The thigh is the ___ region that extends from the buttock and inguinal regions to the knee. The anterior side of the knee is the ___ region, named for the knee-cap (patella). The posterior part of the knee is the ___ region. The leg extends from the knee to the foot and has an anterior or ___ region, a posterior or ___ region and a ____ (___) region on the lateral (outer) side. The fibular region contains the ___, a long bone. The foot, or ___ region, includes the ___ (ankle), ____ (heel), ____ (sole), ___ (___) "toes"), and the ___ "great toe" regions.

gluteal femoral patellar popliteal crural sural, fibular (peroneal) fibula pedal, tarsal, calcaneal, plantar, digital (phalangeal), hallux

A few organs, such as the ___, ___ glands, ___, and parts of the small and large intestine lie posterior to the parietal peritoneum. For this reason, we say these organs are ___.

kidneys, adrenal, pancreas retroperitoneal

what quadrant is the stomach in, region? what quadrant is the liver in, region?

mostly LUQ, epigastric and left hypogastric RUQ and LUQ, left and right hypogastric and epigastric

A ___ plane runs vertically and divides the body or structure into right and left sides. A ___, or median, plane lies on the midline and divides the body or structure into two EQUAL halves. A ___ plane runs alongside the midline and divides the body or structure into two unequal sides. A ___, or ___, plane runs vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. A ___, or ___, plane runs perpendicular (at right angles) to the sagittal and frontal planes and, therefore, runs horizontally across the body's long axis. For this reason, we sometimes call a transverse section a ___ section. Any section made between the transverse plan and either a sagittal or a frontal plan is an ____ section.

sagittal midsagittal parasagittal frontal, coronal transverse, horizontal cross oblique

THE TRUNK (ANTERIOR) THe trunk includes all regions of the body except the head, neck, and upper and lower limbs. THe major regions on the ANTERIOR (front) side of the trunk include the ___ "breastbone", ____ "chest", ____ "breast", ____ "belly", ____ "navel", ___, and ___ regions. The pelvic regions is named for the ___-shaped bony pelvis. The ___ region is the armpit or junction between the trunk and upper limbs. The ___ region is the junction between the trunk and lower limbs.

sternal, thoracic, mammary, abdominal, umbilical, pelvic, pubic bowl Axillary inguinal ("groin")

The greater omentum connects the ___ to part of the ___ ___, while the lesser omentum connects the ___ and parts of the ____ ___ to the ___ and ___.

stomach, large intestine stomach, small intestine, liver, diaphragm

VENTRAL BODY CAVITY The ventral cavity is much LARGER than the dorsal cavity. two major divisions of the ventral cavity? , separated from one another by the ____. In general, anatomists refer to all organs within the ventral body cavity collectively as ___ organs, or the ___. The ___ cavity is superior to the diaphragm and contains 4 smaller cavities. Two of these, the right and left ___ cavities, each hold a lung and are so-named bc they occupy the lateral portions of the thoracic cavity. Located intermediate to the right and left pleural cavities is the ___. It contains the ___ (windpipe), ___, ___ gland, major blood vessels, and the ___ cavity, which encloses the heart.

thoracic, abdominopelvic diaphragm visceral, viscera thoracic pleural mediastinum, trachea, esophagus, thymus, pericardial

SEROUS MEMBRANES A thin serous membrane, protects the walls of the ___ cavity and the surfaces of visceral organs as these organs carry out their normal functions. ____ ____ reduces the friction between adjacent organs and between the organs and walls of the ventral cavity. serous membranes have 2 layers. The ___ layer attaches to the wall of the cavity, and the ___ layer surrounds individual visceral organs. serous membrane associated with the lungs is the ___ serous membrane associated with the heart is the ___ The most extensive serous membrane, the ___, lies within the abdominal cavity. The parietal and visceral peritonea are compressed together into several double-layered membranes, including the ___ and ___.

ventral serous fluid parietal visceral pleura pericardium peritoneum mesentery, omenta