Lab 5 Review Flashcards (w/ exercise and module)

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

Names of enzymes typically end with:

-ase

The ___________ states that the concentration of a light absorbing solute is directly proportional to its absorbance

Beer-Lambert Law

_________ in its reduced form is colorless; in its oxidized form, it takes on a brown color.

Guaiacol

Peroxidases can oxidize _________ (compounds that have free hydroxyl groups) and form water

H2O2

___________ are relatively rare in animal cells, but quite common in all higher plant cells.

Peroxidases

_________, the substrate of the enzyme peroxidase, can be a product of oxidation reactions that take place in the cell.

Peroxide

__________ means that all of the enzyme active sites are occupied by substrate

Saturation

_________ is the process of inducing bond strains in a substrate.

Substrate activation

Proteins and nucleic acids absorb ___________ at wavelengths of 240 to 300 nm.

UV light

energy that must be invested for a reaction to occur; to make the reactant unstable and convert it to product, some energy (in the form of this) must be invested

activation energy

The ___________ is typically made up of a few amino acid residues and their respective side chains.

active site

The location on an enzyme that binds substrate is its:

active site

Which of the following activities would result in an increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

adding a catalyst

Which of the following explains the concept of saturation?

all of the active sites of the enzymes are occupied

The strain imposed by physical forces/electron re-distribution, creates a strain on a covalent bond within the substrate molecule, resulting in ____________

bond breakage

How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction?

by decreasing the energy of activation for a chemical reaction

The organic nonprotein portion of an enzyme that is required for proper function is an:

coenzyme

Organic cofactors, also known as ____________, are nonprotein organic molecules that are required for enzyme function. Vitamins can serve as ___________

coenzymes

Vitamins are essential to the survival of organisms because vitamins usually function as:

coenzymes

inorganic ions, called ____________, are necessary for enzyme function.

cofactors

Optical density is proportional to the _____________

concentration of solute

What device is inserted into the chamber of the spectrophotometer (tip of yellow arrow)?

cuvette

Control of enzyme activity is an important aspect of regulating cell metabolism. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a mechanism of controlling enzyme activity?

denaturation

changes with independent variable

dependent variable

varies with variation in the independent variable (absorbance); graphed on y-axis

dependent variable

a chemical reaction that requires energy investment or expenditure-a reaction that absorbs energy--the chemical energy of the products is higher than the chemical energy of the reactants

endergonic

energy required; nonspontaneous

endergonic reaction

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a toxic byproduct of aerobic respiration in cells. The reaction shown helps prevent hydrogen peroxide buildup in cells. In this reaction, catalase functions as an:

enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?

enzymes increase the rate of reaction

a chemical reaction in which the products are at a lower energy level than reactants--energy is released by the reaction (products are at a LOWER energy level than the reactants)

exergonic

energy released; spontaneous

exergonic reaction

Most catabolic reactions are _________, and most anabolic reactions are __________.

exergonic; endergonic

Each reaction within _________ (the breakdown of glucose) is catalyzed by a different enzyme.

glycolysis

If substrate concentrations are low, and many of the existing enzymes are idle because of a lack of substrate, then adding enzyme will ___________on reaction rate.

have no effect

peroxidase activity of cabbage

high

peroxidase activity of celery

high

peroxidase activity of potatoes

high

peroxidase activity of sweet potatoes

high

peroxidase activity of turnip

high

Substrates are held in the active site of an enzyme by:

hydrogen and ionic bonds

Enzymes recognize and bind to their substrates through ?

hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.

In the experiment conducted in lab, what was the substrate used?

hydrogen peroxide

reaction rate _________ as temperature increases until the point of denaturation.

increases

If the concentration of enzyme is low, and there is a great deal of substrate, then increasing enzyme concentration results in more molecules available to convert substrates to products, thus?

increasing enzyme concentration can increase reaction rate

If the substrate concentration is limiting, how does increasing enzyme concentration affect reaction rate?

increasing enzyme concentration has no effect on reaction rate

the variable that undergoes a constant, continual change whether or not the dependent variable changes

independent variable

usually time (graphed on x-axis); changes whether or not dependent variable changes

independent variable

Other organic compounds absorb ___________.

infrared energy

__________ is a statistical tool to evaluate or establish a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

linear regression

best-fit line that shows the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable

linear regression

Which of the following enzymes would be important in fat digestion?

lipase

What happens to an enzyme when it denatures?

loss of three dimensional shape of the molecule

peroxidase activity of carrots

low

peroxidase activity of onions

low

peroxidase activity of spinach

low

peroxidase activity of zucchini

low

In the degradation of maltose to two glucose molecules:

maltose is the substrate

Cells must produce many different enzymes because:

most cellular reactions require a specific, unique enzyme

peroxidase activity of cooked potatoes

none

Living organisms carry out multiple series of chemical reactions to:

obtain energy for cellular function and activities and grow and reproduce

__________ (OD) is used when a sample is scattering light rather than absorbing it.

optical density

loss of electrons

oxidation

When guaiacol reacts with peroxide and peroxidase, it is __________ to tetraguaiacol, resulting in the formation of a color compound that can be detected spectrophotometrically

oxidized

The experimental setup for your lab involved the extraction of an enzyme from turnip, and observing its reaction rate under a variety of conditions. What is the enzyme?

peroxidase

Peroxidases are present in ___________ of liver cells, kidney cells, leukocytes, and __________ of animals.

peroxisomes; erythrocytes

stored energy

potential energy

produced from substrate through an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

product

Absorbance is ____________ to concentration

proportional

the starting molecule for a chemical reaction

reactant

If all enzyme molecules are working at maximum capacity, then adding substrate will have no effect on ____________

reaction rate

a measure of changes in enzyme activity

reaction rate

the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place; typically linear

reaction rate

Peroxide is ___________ to water, and guaiacol is oxidized to __________.

reduced; tetraquaiacol

gain of electrons

reduction

mathematical quantification of how steep a line is

slope

The shape and properties of the active site determine enzyme __________

specificity.

a reaction that is exergonic--where the products are at a lower energy level than reactants

spontaneous chemical reaction

the molecule that is recognized by, and binds to enzyme-to be changed or altered by the enzyme

substrate

Enzymes are ___________, meaning a different enzyme is involved in each chemical reaction that takes place in a cell.

substrate-specific

The function of an enzyme is to convert _________ to ________

substrate; product

Explain why the cooked potato had no peroxidase activity

the heat caused the enzyme, peroxidase, to denature

Pigments and dyes absorb ___________ between wavelengths of 320 to 660 nm.

visible light

The inactive form of an enzyme if an:

zymogen


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

Chapter 13: Labor and Birth Process (Prep U)

View Set

Chapter 1 Financial and Managerial Accounting

View Set

6. Python AI Development: Practice

View Set