Lab Ch. 8

helps form a joint

A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________.

compact bone, spongy bone covered by compact bone

A long bone consists of a shaft composed of ______ and an end composed of ______.

large, irregularly-shaped projection

A trochanter is a ________.

Proliferation and Hypertorphic Zones

Achondroplasia is a type of dwarfism in which the long bones stop growing during childhood, resulting in limbs that are disproportionately shorter than the torso. This genetic disorder is characterized by deficiencies in the epiphyseal plate that include a low number of chondrocytes and inability of chondrocytes to enlarge. Which zones do you think would be most affected by this disorder?

production of melanin

All the following are functions of the skeleton except ______. -Attachment for Muscles -Production of melanin -Site of red blood cell formation -Storage for Lipids

Patella

An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.

hematopoiesis

Blood cells are formed by the process of _______.

articulations

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________.

Osteoclasts

Calcium is released by the action of _____, which break down bone matrix.

False

Cartilage has a covering made of dense connective tissue called a periosteum. (True/False)

False

Embryonic skeletons consist primarily of elastic cartilage, which is gradually replaced by bone during development and growth. (True/False)

The bone treated with acid because the acid dissolves the calcium phosphate, making the bones less rigid and prone to deformation.

In a child with rickets, the bones are prone to deformities caused by a lack of calcium, phosphate, or vitamin D. Which treated bone in Activity 2 most closely resembles the bones of a child with rickets? Why?

The bones store fat, red marrow, and calcium

In addition to supporting and protecting the body, the skeleton provides this function as well.

epiphyseal plates

Longitudinal bone growth occurs at this location in long bones.

phalanges

Part complete All of the following are short bones except ________.

medullary cavity

The ______ is the storage area for yellow marrow in an adult bone.

Axial

The _______ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.

Central (Haversian) canal

The center of the osteon is called the _______.

Periosteum

The connective tissue membrane that encloses a bone is the ______.

periosteum

The diaphysis of a long bone is covered by _______.

filled with spongy bone

The epiphyses of long bones are _______.

Long

The femur is an example of a(n) _______ bone.

Fibroblasts

The pain in the leg that is referred to as "shin splints" is often caused by microtears in the periosteum and perforating fibers. These tears lead to inflammation of the periosteum. Considering the type of tissue found in the periosteum, which cells do you think would be most involved in the repair process?

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone is known as the _______.

bone and cartilage

The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ______.

Osteon

The structural unit of compact bone is the ______.

Fibrocartilage

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.

Peri

The word root _____ means around or enclosing.

Clast

The word root _____ means one that breaks or destroys

hema

The word root ______ means blood

Oste

The word root ______ means bone.

Blast

The word root ______ means embryonic or formative cell.

Foramen

This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.

hyaline

This is the most common type of skeletal cartilage.

endosteum

This membrane lines the shaft of long bones, and covers the trabecular of spongy bone.

Hyaline

This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum.

Elastic

This type of cartilage supports the external ear and keeps it firm but flexible.

Irregular

Vertebrae belong to this category of bones.

hyaline cartilage

What kind of tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate of bones?

Hyaline Cartilage

What tissue type replaces periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?

Fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?

clavicle

Which of the following bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?

Sternum

Which of the following bone belongs to the axial skeleton and is a flat bone?

Head

Which of the following bone markings helps form joints?

Sternum

Which of the following bones belongs to the axial skeleton?

crest

Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments?

Compact

______ bone looks smooth and homogeneous.

Flat

______ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.

Osteons

_______ are the telescoping tubes of matrix (concentric lamellae) with their central canals that form a large part of compact bone.

Osteoporosis

________ is a disease in which bones lose mass and strength, becoming brittle.

Osteoblasts

are cells that build bone matrix.

In adults, ______ marrow fills the central canal of long bones, and ______ marrow is found in the epiphyses of long bones.

yellow, red