Lab Exam 4

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Posterior horns

Resemble the upper wings of a butterfly (in a spinal cord cross section).

Crista ampullaris

The sensory organ within the ampulla of a semicircular canal.

Cerebral Cortex

Thin layer of gray matter on surface of cerebrum.

Cerebellum

This part of the brain interprets impulses from the equilibrium receptors.

Cupula

This part of the sensory organ that consists of a dome-shaped gelatinous mass.

Interneuron

Transmits impulse from sensory to motor neuron withing central nervous system.

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Transmits impulse into brain or spinal cord from receptors.

Motor (efferent) neuron

Transmits impulse out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors (muscles and glands).

Cornea

Transparent anterior portion of outer tunic.

Sarcomere

Unit of alternating light and dark striations between Z lines.

Ceruminous gland

Wax-secreting structure.

Central canal

Found in the gray commissure of the spinal cord & contains cerebrospinal fluid & is continuous with the ventricles of the brain.

Posterior median sulcus

A groove that extends the length of the spinal cord posteriorly.

Tympanic cavity

Air-filled space containing auditory ossicles.

Sarcoplasm

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.

Retina

Contains visual receptors called rods & cones.

Conjunctiva

Inner lining of eyelid.

Oligodendrocyte

Myelin-forming neuroglia in brain & spinal cord.

Calcium carbonate

Otoliths are small grains composed of this.

Midbrain

Part of brainstem between diencephalon and pons.

Medulla oblongata

Part of brainstem continuous with the spinal cord.

Hypothalamus

Part of diencephalon that forms lower walls and floor of third ventricle.

Sarcolemma

Cell membrane of a muscle fiber.

Ependymal Cell

Cells that cover the inside spaces of the brain ventricles and help regulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Cellular organelle in muscle fiber corresponding to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Pineal gland

Cone-shaped structure attached to upper posterior portion of diencephalon.

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Cone-shaped, semitransparent membrane attached to malleus.

Fascia

Connective tissue located between adjacent muscles.

Corpus callosum

Connects cerebral hemispheres.

Suspensory ligament

Connects lens to ciliary body.

Auditory tube

Connects middle ear & pharynx.

Gray commissure

Connects the gray matter on the left and right sides of the spinal cord.

Tectorial membrane

Contacts hairs of hearing receptors.

Membranous labyrinth

Contains endolymph.

Tendon

Cordlike part that attaches a muscle to a bone.

Chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies)

Corresponds to rough endoplasmic reticulum in other cells.

Vitreous humor

Fills posterior cavity of eye.

Choroid coat

Posterior five-sixths of middle (vascular) tunic.

Gyrus (convolution)

Ridge on surface of cerebrum.

Pons

Rounded bulge on underside of brainstem.

External acoustic meatus

S-shaped tube leading to tympanic membrane.

Lacrimal gland

Secretes tears.

Central sulcus

Separates frontal & parietal lobes.

Effector

Structure capable of responding to motor impulse.

Optic chiasma

Structure formed by the crossing-over of the optic nerves.

Myelin Sheath

Substance of Schwann cell composed of lipoprotein that insulates axons and increases impulse speed.

Falx cerebelli

A layer of dura mater that separates cerebellar hemispheres.

Collateral

Branch of an axon.

Scala tympani

Extends from apex of cochlea to round window.

Microglia

Phagocytic neuroglia.

Myosin

Protein found within thick filament.

Iris

Smooth muscle that controls light entering the eye.

Ganglion

Specialized mass of neuron cell bodies outside the brain or spinal cord.

Utricle & saccule

2 expanded chambers where the organs of static equilibrium are located.

Fascicle

A small bundle of muscle fibers.

Malleus

Auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane.

Optic disc

Area where optic nerve exits the eye.

Stapes

Auditory ossicle attached to oval window.

Osseous (bony) labyrinth

Bony canal of inner ear in temporal bone.

Ciliary muscles

Cause lens to change shape.

Insula

Cerebral lobe located deep within lateral sulcus.

Aqueous humor

Fills anterior & posterior chambers of the anterior cavity of the eye.

Perimysium

Layer of connective tissue that separates a muscle into small bundles called fascicles.

Epimysium

Layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle.

Endomysium

Layer of connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle fiber.

Scala vestibuli

Leads from oval window to apex of cochlea.

Transverse (T) tubule

Membranous channel extending inward from muscle fiber membrane.

Axon

Nerve fiber arising from a slight elevation of the cell body that conducts an impulse away from the cell body.

Neurofibrils

Netowrk of fine threads extending into nerve fiber.

Dendrite

Neuron process with many branches that conducts an impulse toward the cell body.

31 pairs

Number of spinal nerves in the spinal cord.

Neurilemma

Sheath of Schwann cell containing cytoplasm and nucleus that encloses myelin.

Astrocyte

Star-shaped neuroglia between neurons and blood vessels.

Temporal bone

The bone where all the balance organs are located in the skull.

Lumbar enlargement

The bulge in the spinal cord that gives off nerves to the lower limbs.

Cervical enlargement

The bulge in the spinal cord that gives off nerves to the upper limbs.

Anterior, lateral, & posterior funiculi

The divisions of the spinal cord's white matter.

Nerve tracts

The longitudinal bundles of nerve fibers within the spinal cord comprise these major nerve pathways.

Vestibular nerve

The nerve where sensory impulses travel from the organs of equilibrium to the brain.

Macula

The structure in the wall of the membranous labyrinth where the receptor cells of the balance organs are found.

Ampulla

The swelling canal the sensory organ of a semicircular canal lies within

Anterior horns

Where the cell bodies of motor neurons are found in the spinal cord.

Sclera

White part of outer (fibrous) tunic.

Inertia of the fluid

Why when the head is moved, the fluid inside the membranous portion of a semicircular canal tends to remain stationary.


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