Lab Module 11: Genetics

How many autosomes do humans have?

22 pairs

What is a monohybrid cross?

A cross between two individuals, both heterozygous for one gene

What is an autosome?

All other chromosomes EXCEPT the sex chromosomes

What is a recessive allele?

An allele that is not expressed in the heterozygote Ex. a

What is an allele?

An alternative form of a gene

What is a Pedigree?

An analysis of mating that have already occurred

What is sex-linked inheritance?

An inheritance pattern in which the gene of interest is carried on the X chromosome

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other

What was the father of genetics?

Gregor Mendel

What is a dominant allele?

In a heterozygous individual, the allele that determines the phenotype Ex. A

What are barr bodies?

In men and women with more than one X chromosome, the number of Barr bodies visible at interphase is always one less than the total number of X chromosomes. So normal male of xy would show no barr bodies

What is heterozygous?

Inherits two of different alleles Ex. Aa

What is homozygous?

Inherits two of the same allele Ex. AA or aa

What is a locus?

Location of a gene on a chromosome

What is a sex chromosome?

X & Y, determines sex

What is hemizygous?

X-linked genes in males

What is the punnet square?

a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

If there are two different versions of genes for a specific trait (for example, flower color), those two versions are called: a. alleles b. genes c. loci d. characters

a. alleles

When using pedigrees to analyze inheritance of dominant/recessive traits, what do the squares represent? a. males b. females c. affected individuals d. carriers of the trait

a. males

Sex-linked recessive disorders are usually due to a gene on: a. the X chromosome b. the Y chromosome c. one of the autosomes d. chromosome 15

a. the X chromosome

What is probability?

an estimate of the likelihood that an event will occur

You have two parents who have blood types A+ and O-. Which of the following blood types could NOT possibly be a child of this mating? a. A- b. B+ c. O- d. O+

b. B+

Which of the following is an example of a dihybrid cross? a. Two organisms with different phenotypes for alleles at the same locus are crossed. b. Individuals who express true-breeding phenotypes for two genes located on different chromosomes are crossed. c. Two different species of organisms are crossed. d. Two organisms with different phenotypes for Two different breeds of organisms are crossed.

b. Individuals who express true-breeding phenotypes for two genes located on different chromosomes are crossed.

The equation to calculate chi square is: What does "expected" mean? a. This is the data you are collecting. b. This is the number you get from multiplying the probability times the number of observations

b. This is the number you get from multiplying the probability times the number of observations

When a particular trait is dominantly inherited, and you have one affected parent, what is the chance (probability) you will inherit that trait? 100% 0% as long as the other parent is not a carrier 50% depends on which parent is affected a. 100% b. 0% as long as the other parent is not a carrier c. 50% d. depends on which parent is affected

c. 50%

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between: a. any two chromosomes b. sister chromatids c. homologous chromosomes d. chromosomes from two different species of organisms

c. homologous chromosomes

What is a dihybrid cross?

cross involving two traits

Albinism shows autosomal recessive inheritance. What is the probability of an albino child if you have two parents who are heterozygous for albinism? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0%

d. 25%

In the dominant/recessive mode of inheritance, what is the phenotype of the heterozygous individual? a. intermediate between dominant and recessive phenotypes b. expresses both dominant and recessive phenotypes c. the dominant phenotype d. the recessive phenotype

d. the recessive phenotype

What is the genotype?

genetic makeup

What are linked genes?

located on the same chromosome

What is the F2 generation?

offspring of the F1 generation

What is the F1 generation?

offspring of the P generation

What is the P generation?

parental generation

What is the phenotype?

physical appearance