LAND 2510_Study Guide 02_History Myth and Landscape
celestial alignment
"clocks" relationship btwn built forms and nat. features of landscape
Neolithic Civilization
(10,000-2,000 BCE) stone tools, pottery, agriculture and animal husbandry, permanent settlements and structures
mesolithic civilization
(100,000-50,000 BCE) beginning of perm human settlements, more complex tools
omphalos
(n) the central point; the navel
Ancient Astronomy
-Ancient astronomers all over the globe observed the sky and recognized patterns in the motion of the sun , moon, planets, and bright stars. -Ancient people of central africa used the observations of the moon to predict seasons -Many archaeological sites reveal that the ancient cultures performed detailed observations of the bright sky and possessed intricate knowledge of astronomy. -Paleolithic cave paintings in France (15000 BCE) may represent a star map or the zodiac
Fertile Crescent
A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates
Menhir
A large upright standing stone
effigy mound
A mound in the shape of an animal or object
sanctuary
A place of protection
causeway
A raised road built across water or low ground
dolmen
A single-chamber tomb made out of megaliths.
Symbol
A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.
Pastoralism
A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.
Axis
An imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles, about which Earth rotates
Gunditjmara (ca. 8000 BCE - 1810 CE )
Australia circular homes
stone circle
Standing stones arranged in a circle
animism
The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits
Aquaculture
The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions ex)
agriculture
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
sacred center
The sacred center of the sacred hoop/medicine wheel is humans.
Neolithic Revolution
The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution.
Ancestor Veneration
Veneration of the dead or ancestor reverence is based on the beliefs that the dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors
henge
a Neolithic monument, characterized by a circular ground plan. Used for rituals and marking astronomical events
effigy
a crude image of a despised person
grove
a group of trees growing together with open space between them
megalith
a large stone that forms a prehistoric monument
weir
a low dam built across a river to raise the level of water upstream or regulate its flow.
Barrow
a mound of earth or stones over an ancient grave or pit
petroglyph
a rock carving made by people
kiva
a round room used by the pueblo people for religious ceremonies
grotto
a small cave; seen as start of universe or heart of universe
Medicine Wheel
a stone circle built by North American Indians, believed to have religious, astronomical, territorial, or calendrical significance.
Archetype
a very typical example of a certain person or thing
phonetic writing system
a writing system that uses symbols to represent sounds
ochre
an earthy pigment containing ferric oxide, typically with clay, varying from light yellow to brown or red.
Earthwork
an embankment or other construction made of earth
axis mundi
believed to connect the heavens and the earth and regarded as the center of the world
chambered cairn
burial monument consisting of more durable stone
chthonic
concerning, belonging to, or inhabiting the underworld
Effigy earthworks
earthworks (mounds) in the shape of great snakes, birds and bears, e.g. Serpent Mound, located in Southern Ohio, is an effigy earthwork in the form of a coiled 1,500 feet long snake
cairn
mound of stones built as a memorial
mountain
sacred space, closest point to heavens
profane
showing contempt toward sacred things
mnemonic monument/memory space
stating that certain places, objects or events can have special significance related to group's remembrance.
Paleolithic civilization
temp, light mobile structures, nomadic people
circular time
the conceptualization of time as following the pattern of the celestial and natural world. In hunter-gatherer societies, humans lived by the recurring rhythms of nature
temple
the place of worship
diety
the rank or essential nature of a god
animal husbandry
the science of breeding and caring for farm animals
Lepenski Vir (ca. 6800 - 5400 BCE )
triangles Danube River, Serbia -houses w cement floors -"iron gates" -fish faced sculptures
Songlines
used by the aborigines to pass information down for thousands of years, they are maps of the land that help the people name and locate places