Lange Q&A TEST 1

Which of the images shown in Figure 6-6 best demonstrates the Inter ondular fossa?

Figure 6-6C

which of the following statements referring to figure 6-11 is correct? Figure A was performed AP Figure B was performed AP Both images were obtained in the AP position neither image was obtained in the AP position

Figure B was performed AP - AP = ilia and bladder appear more "open" - PA = ilia foreshortened, pelvis looks "closed"

if an individual receives 3 mGya at a distance of 4m from the source, what dose will that individual receive at a distance of 1m from the source?

48 mGya

In the Ap knee projection of an asthenic patient who measures 17 cm from the anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS) to tabletop, the CR should be directed

5 degrees caudad

The NCRP has recommended what total equivalent dose limit to the embryo/fetus?

5.0 mSv

What is the annual TEDE limit for radiation workers?

50 mSv

the functions of x-ray beam filtration include which three of the following? A. reduces pt skin exposure B. absorbs low energy photons C. absorbs short-wavelength photons D. decreases beam quality E. "hardens" the x-ray beam

A, B, E

select from the following the three correct statements regarding characteristics of x-ray photons/ the x-ray beam. A. Fluorescent effect on certain phosphors B. travel at the speed of sound C. physiological effect on living tissue D. negative electrical charge E. collimators focus the x-ray beam F. travel in straight lines

A, C, and F

select from the following the three correct completions: scattered radiation exposure to personnel during C-arm fluoroscopic procedures can be reduced by positioning A. the fluoroscopy tube under the pt B. the image intensifier under the pt C. staff at the head of the x-ray table D. staff at right angles to the center of the x-ray beam E. staff at the foot of the x-ray table F. the image intensifier over the pt

A, D, and F

A parallel plate ionization chamber receiving a charge from x-ray photons is a/an

AEC

the position/projection most likely to offer the best visualization of the pulmonary apices is the

AP axial lordotic

Which of the following projections/positions would best demonstrate structure number 8 seen in Firgure 6-7?

AP external oblique

which organization has the authority to impose professional sanction on a radiographer?

ARRT

Which of the following is the preferred scheduling sequence? Lower GI series Abdomen ultrasound Upper GI series

Abdomen ultrasound, lower GI series, upper GI series

what is the structure indicated by the letter A in Figure 6-3?

Acromion process

which of the following radiologic examinations requires preparation consisting of a low-residue diet, cathartics, and enemas? Upper GI series Barium enema (BE) Small bowel series Intravenous (IV) cystogram

Barium enema (BE)

Rapid onset of severe respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms after ingestion or injection of a drug, vaccine, contrast agent or food or after an insect bite describes

Anaphylaxis

Imperfect expansion of the lung(s), often accompanied by dyspnea, is called

Atelectasis

The term used to describe the gradual decrease in exposure rate as an x-ray beam passes through the matter is

Attenuation

The source-to-table distance in fixed/stationary fluoroscopy must

Be at least 38cm (15 inches)

As window width increases

Brightness increases

Which of the following indicates the glenoid cavity seen in figure 6-3?

C

Which of the following will best demonstrate the lumbosacral articulation in the AP position? CR perpendicular to L3 CR perpendicular to L5-S1 CR caudad 30-35 degrees CR cephalad 30-35 degrees

CR cephalad 30-35 degrees

Select from the following the 2 radiation monitoring devices that contain air chambers for radiation measurement. A. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter B. Thermoluminescent dosimeter C. film badge D. Direct ion storage dosimeter E. Pocket dosimeter

D and E

What is the minimum requirement for lead aprons used in general radiography, according to CFR 20?

0.25 mm Pb

Which of the following are examples of primary radiation barriers? 1. radiographic room walls 2. radiographic room floor 3. lead aprons 4. radiographic room ceiling 5. lead gloves 6. radiographic room control booth

1 and 2

HIstogram appearance can be skewed if there is inaccuracy in 1. Part centering 2. Evaluate results of osteoporosis treatment/therapy 3. Evaluate condition of soft tissue adjacent to bone

1 and 2 only

It is essential to question female patients of childbearing age regarding the 1. date of their last menstrual cycle 2. possibility of their being pregnant 3. number of x-ray examinations they have had in the past 12 months

1 and 2 only

Select from the following the type(s) of x-ray beam filtration whose function is to decrease patient's skin dose 1. Inherent 2. Added 3. Compensating 4. Collimation

1 and 2 only

The radiograph shown in figure 6-12 can be produced with the 1. long axis of the plantar surface perpendicular to the IR 2. CR 40 degrees cephalad to the base of the 3rd metatarsal 3. CR 20 degrees cephalad to the talotibial joint

1 and 2 only

which of the following is/are essential to high quality mammographic examinations? 1. small focal spot x ray tube 2. short scale contrast 3. use of a compression device

1, 2, and 3

gonadal shielding should be provided for male patients in which of the following examinations? 1. femur 2. abdomen 3. pelvis

1, 2, and 3

minor reactions to IV administration of a contrast agent include 1. a few hives 2. nausea 3. a flushed face

1, 2, and 3

potential consequences of irridation of DNA include 1. genetic effects 2. cell death 3. malignant disease

1, 2, and 3

the total number of x ray photons produced at the target is contingent on the 1. tube current 2. target material 3. square of the kilovoltage

1, 2, and 3

which of the following pathologic conditions require(s) a decrease in technical factors? 1. pneumothorax 2. emphysema 3. multiple myeloma

1, 2, and 3

The LAO position of cervical spine requires which of the following combinations of tube angle and direction?

15-20 degrees caudad

The image shown in figure 6-4 was made in which of the following recumbent positions? RAO Lateral LPO PA

LPO

which of the following artifacts is occasionally associated with the use of grids in digital imaging?

aliasing

when medications are administered paraenterally, they are given

by any route other than oral

an acute reaction caused by ingestion of a sensitizing agent describes

anaphylaxis

The positive electrode of the x-ray tube is the

anode

what anatomic structure is indicated by the letter B in Figure 6-14?

anterior inferior ilaic spine

During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination, contrast medium is injected into the

common bile duct

occupational exposure received by the radiographer is mostly from

compton scatter

which interaction between x-ray photons and matter involves partial transfer of the incident photon energy to the involved atom?

compton scattering

extravasion occurs when

contrast medium in injected into surrounding tissue

How can OID be reduced for a PA projection of the wrist?

flex the metacarpophalangeal joints

which of the following structures will be filled with barium in the AP recumbent position of a sthenic patient during an upper GI examination? duodenal bulb descending duodenum pyloric vestibule gastric fundus

gastric fundus

Stochastic effects of radiation include

genetic alterations

compared with that of the hypersthenic and sthenic body types, the stomach of an asthenic pt is most likely to be located

higher and more medial

The portion of a hypodermic needle that attaches to the syringe is termed

hub

which of the following shoulder projections can be used to evaluate the lesser tubercle in profile?

internal rotation

referring to the image seen in figure 6-17, the J identifies the

intertrochanteric crest

the image intensifier's input phosphor differs from the output phosphor in that the input phosphor

is much larger than the output phosphor

what is the best position/projection to demonstrate the longitudinal arch of the foot?

lateromedial weight-bearing lateral

which of the following medications commonly found on emergency carts functions to raise blood pressure? heparin norepinephrine nitroglycerin lidocaine

norepinephrine

Biologic material is most sensitive to radiation exposure under which of the following conditions? Deoxygenated Oxygenated Hypoxic Anoxic

oxygenated

figure 6-19 illustrates a sectional image of the abdomen. which of the following is represented by the number 3?

pancreas

Verbal disclosure of confidential information that is detrimental to the patient is called

slander

Which of the following is used to obtain a lateral projection of the upper humerus on patients who are unable to abduct their arm?

transthoracic lateral

of what material is the x ray tube component numbered 3 in figure 6-20?

tungsten

what is the structure labeled number 5 in figure 6-20?

uppermost collimator shutter

Which of the following is most likely to produce a high quality image? Small image matrix high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) large pixel size low resolution

High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

As the CR laser scanner/reader recognizes the phosphostimulated luminescence (PSL) released by the PSP storage plate, it constructs a graphic representation of pixel value distribution, called a/an

Histogram

what is the appropriate action if a patient has signed consent for a procedure but, once on the radiographic table, refuses the procedure?

Immediately stop the procedure and inform the radiologist and the referring physician of the patient's request

Deficiency of blood to a body tissue describes

Ischemia

The unit for kerma is

Gray

The exposure timer settings on three-phase radiographic equipment must be tested annually and must be accurate within

+ / - 5%

Which of the following combinations would pose the greatest hazard to a particular anode? 0.6 focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs 0.6 focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAs 1.2 focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs 1.2 focal spot, 85 kVp, 15 mAS

0.6 focal spot, 75 kVp, 30 mAs

Which of the following features of digital fluoroscopy (DF) contribute to patient dose reduction? 1. last image hold 2. pulsed exposure 3. longer procedure times

1 and 2 only

Which of the following is/are used to indicate the appropriateness of radiation intensity reaching the IR? 1. Exposure index 2. Sensitivity (S) number 3. Field of view (FOV)

1 and 2 only

Which of the following methods can be used to decrease the effect of differential absorption? 1. using high kV and low mAs 2. using compensating filtration 3. using factors that increase the photoelectric effect

1 and 2 only

Which of the following statements is/are true with respect to the differences between the male and female bony pelves? 1. the female pelvic outlet is wider 2. the pubic angle is 90 degrees or less in the male 3. the male pelvis is shallower

1 and 2 only

as x-ray field size increases, 1. amount of tissue exposure increases 2. DAP increases 3. beam intensity decreases

1 and 2 only

bone densitometry is often performed to 1. measure degree of bone (de) mineralization 2. evaluate results of osteoporosis treatment/therapy 3. evaluate condition of soft tissue adjacent to bone

1 and 2 only

which of the following techniques might have been used in the production of figure 6-18? 1. motion 2. anode heel effect 3. compression

1 and 2 only

whoich of the following may be used as landmarks for an AP projection of the hip? 1. 2 inches medial to ASIS 2. prominence of greater trochanter 3. midway between iliac crest and the pubic symphysis

1 and 2 only

Select the statements from the following that correctly describe lines A and B 1. Line A illustrates wider exposure latitude than line B 3. Line B is typical of digital imaging systems 3. Line A is typical of PSP response 4. Lines A and B are are representative of analog imaging

1 and 3

A diabetic pt who has not taken insulin while preparing for a fasting radiologic examination is susceptible to a hypoglycemic reaction. This is characterized by 1. fatigue 2. cyanosis 3. restlessness

1 and 3 only

The advantages of CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductors) over CCDS (charge coupled devices) include 1. less expensive 2. better image quality 3. much greater speed

1 and 3 only

Which of the is/are demonstrated in the lateral projection of the thoracic spine? 1. Intervertebral spaces 2. Z- joints 3. Intervertebral foramina

1 and 3 only

grid interspace material can be made of 1. plastic 2. lead 3. aluminum

1 and 3 only

The radiation barriers in a controlled area must keep worker exposure to less than

1 mS/week

Terms that refer to size distortion include 1. Magnification 2. attenuation 3. Elongation

1 only

Which of the following should be well demonstrated in the oblique position of the cervical vertebrae? 1. Pedicles 2. Disk spaces 3. Z- joints

1 only

oral administration of barium sulfate suspension is usually required to demonstrate which of the following structures? 1. descending duodenum 2. ilium 3. splenic flexure

1 only

when an injured patient requires assistance with dressing or undressing, the radiographer must remember to 1. place clothing on the injured side first 2. remove clothing from the injured side first 3. always start with the injured side

1 only

an increase in technical factors usually is required in which of the following circumstances? 1. edema 2. ascites 3. acromegaly

1, 2, and 3

which of the following is/are accurate positioning or evaluation criteria for an AP projection of the normal knee? 1. femorotibial interspaces equal bilaterally 2. patella superimposed on distal tibia 3. CR enters 1/2 inch distal to base of patella

1 only

which of the following projections requires that the shoulder be placed in external rotation? 1. AP humerus 2. lateral forearm 3. lateral humerus

1 only

which of the x-ray circuit devices shown in figure 6-16 operates on the principle of self-induction? 1. number 1 2. number 2 3. number 3

1 only

select from the following the four bony features that are associated with the tibia 1. condyle 2. plateau 3. patellar surface 4. malleolus 5. styloid process 6. intercondylar eminence 7. head

1, 2, 4, and 6

Advantages of high-frequency generators include 1. Small size 2. Decreased patient dose 3. Nearly constant potential

1, 2, and 3

Body substances and fluids that are considered infectious or potentially infectious include 1. Sputum 2. Synovial 3. Cerebrospinal fluid

1, 2, and 3

For which of the following can a radiographer be found liable for a negligent tort? 1. radiographer images the wrong forearm 2. pt is injured while being positioned on the x-ray table 3. radiographer fails to question pt about possible pregnancy before performing x-ray examination

1, 2, and 3

Geometric unsharpness is influenced by which of the following? 1. distance from object to image 2. distance from source to object 3. distance from source to image

1, 2, and 3

In what way(s) is MRSA transmitted? 1. contact with infected surfaces 2. contact with infected objects 3. direct contact

1, 2, and 3

Major effect(s) of irradiation of macromolecules include(s) 1. Point lesions 2 cross-linking 3. Main-chain scission

1, 2, and 3

Patient factors such as size and pathology can have an impact on 1. receptor exposure 2. spatial resolution 3. distortion

1, 2, and 3

Recommended methods of minimizing motion unsharpness include(s) 1. suspended respiration 2. short exposure time 3. patient instruction

1, 2, and 3

The brightness level of the fluoroscopic image can vary with changes in 1. milliamperage 2. kilovoltage 3. patient thickness

1, 2, and 3

Tungsten alloy is the usal choice of target material for radiographic equipment because it 1. has a high atomic number 2. has a high-melting point 3. can readily dissipate heat

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is/are associated with magnification fluoroscopy? 1. Less noise 2. Improved contrast resolution 3. Improved spatial resolution

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following is/are tested as part of a QC program? 1. Beam alignment 2. Reproducibility 3. Linearity

1, 2, and 3

which of the following statements are correct with respect to excretory system structures in the recumbent RPO position? 1. the R ureter is free of vertebral superimposition 2. the L kidney id parallel to IR 3. the R kidney is perpendicular to IR 4. the L ureter is free of vertebral superimposition 5. the R kidney is parallel to the IR

1, 2, and 3

Methods of decreasing patient dose during fluoroscopic examinations include 1. use of last-image hold 2. using the lowest practical pulse rate 3. keeping the patient/part as close to the image intensifier as possible

1, 2, and 3"

Fluoroscopic equipment features designed to eliminate unnecessary radiation exposure to patients and/or personnel include 1. protective Pb curtain 2. Primary beam filtration 3. collimation

1, 2, and 3'

Which of the following affects both the quantity and quality of the primary beam? 1. kV 2. mA 3. Half-value layer (HVL) 4. distance (SID)

1, 2, and 4

Which of the follwoing statements describe accurate comparisons between CCD (charged coupled device) and CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) devices used for recording images? 1. the CCD has a higher DQE than the CMOS 2. CMOS has a higher speed than CCD 3. CCD uses less power 4. CMOS is less expensive than CCD

1, 2, and 4

select from the following the three correct statements regarding radiation monitoring control monitors.

1, 2, and 4

Cells described as somatic include 1. neuron 2. muscle 3. oocytes 4. spermatozoa 5. osteoblasts

1, 2, and 5

Which three of the following elements must be included on an x-ray image for it to be considered as legitimate legal evidence? 1. Name of facility where examination was performed 2. Examination date 3. Date of birth 4. Referring physician 5. Patient identification 6. Radiographer initials

1, 2, and 5

The x-ray tube's inherent filtration includes 1. glass envelope 2. insulating oil 3. collimator shutters 4. collimator mirror 5. glass window of tube housing

1, 2, and 5"

which of the following are associated with disease transmission via droplet route? 1. influenza 2. tuberculosis 3. pertussis 4. SARS 5. Most pneumonias

1, 3, and 5

Late effects of radiation include late tissue reactions. Examples of late tissue reactions include 1. Organ atrophy 2. genetic effects 3. malignant disease 4. cataract formation 5. reduced fertility

1, 4, and 5 only

sternal compressions during CPR are made with the heels of the hands located about

1.5 inches superior to the xiphoid tip

Technical factors of 100 kVp and 6 mAs are used with a 6:1 grid for a particular exposure. What should be the new milliampere seconds if a 12:1 grid is substituted?

10 mAs

Occupational effective dose is assumed to be what percentage of personal monitor dose?

10%

which of the following is the approximate dose for 2 min of fluoroscopy at 3 mA and 80 kV?

126 mGya

Fluids and medications are administered via the intravenous route for which of the following reason(s)? 1. To achieve a local effect 2. To administer parenteral nutrition 3. To promote rapid response

2 and 3 only

Improved visualization of interphalangeal joint spaces, seen in figure 6-9, can be achieved by 1. increasing obliquity of hand 2. using a 45 degree foam wedge 3. placing fingers parallel to IR

2 and 3 only

In the 45 degree medial oblique projection of the ankle, the 1. Talotibial joint is visualized 2. Tibiofibular joint is visualized 3. Plantar surface is approximately perpendicular to the lower leg/IR

2 and 3 only

The AP axial projection of the chest for pulmonary apices 1. Projects the apices above the clavicles 2. Requires 15-20 degree cephalad angulation 3. Should demonstrate the medial ends of the clavicles equidistant from the vertebral column

2 and 3 only

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding figure 6-10? 1. there is inadequate inspiration 2. Good collimation is evident 3. centering is not exact

2 and 3 only

federal regulations regarding infection control in the workplace, as amended by the OSHA, make which of the following requirements? 1. Hepatitis B immunizations must be made available to all hospital employees 2. Puncture-proof containers must be provided to any staff 3. Follow-up care must be provided to any staff accidentally exposed to blood splash/needlestick

2 and 3 only

images useful in demonstrating postspinal fusion degree of motion include 1. AP flexion and extension 2. lateral flexion and extension 3. AP right and left bending

2 and 3 only

the term differential absorption is related to 1. beam intensity 2. subject contrast 3. pathology

2 and 3 only

x-ray tube life may be extended by 1. using high-mAs with low kV technical factors 2. avoiding lengthy anode rotation 3. avoiding exposures to a cold anode

2 and 3 only

the x-ray beam and collimator light field must coincide within

2% of the SID

Select from the following the three types of motion permitted by saddle/sellar joints. 1. flexion 2. gliding 3. abduction 4. circumduction 5. medial/lateral rotation

2, 3, and 4

Which of the following structures are located on the distal anterior humerus? 1. Olecranon fossa 2. capitulum 3. medial epicondyle 4. intertubercular groove 5. conoid fossa

2, 3, and 5

which of the following pathologic conditions are considered additive conditions with respect to technical factor selection? 1. atrophy 2. bronchiectasis 3. pneumonia 4. emphysema 5. pneumonectomy 6. bowel obstruction

2, 3, and 5

If the exposure rate at 2.0 m from a source of radiation is 18 mGya/min, what will be the exposure rate at 5 m from the source?

2.88 mGya/min

If a part received 0.8 Gy during a 4 min fluoroscopic examination, what was the dose rate?

200 mGy/min

Referring to Figure 6-2, the pulmonary veins empty blood into which chamber of the heart?

6

If 300 mA has been selected for a particular exposure, what exposure time should be selected to produce 18 mAs?

60 ms 300x = 18mAs

In an AP abdomen radiograph taken at 105-cm SID during an IVU series, one renal shadow measures 9 cm in width. If the OID is 18 cm, what is the actual width of the kidney? A. 5 cm B. 7.5 cm C. 11 cm D. 18 cm

7.5 cm

An exposed CR image plate's PSP will retain its image for about

8 hours

An axial projection of the clavicle is often helpful in demonstrating a fracture that is not visualized using a perpendicular CR. When examining the clavicle in PA position, how is the CR directed for the axial projection?

Caudad

Which of the following effects does an analgesic have on the body? decrease pain helps delay clotting increases urine output combats bacterial growth

Decreases pain

Technical factors of 400 mA, 20ms, 68 kVp at 40 in SID were used to produce a satisfactory x-ray image. A change to 4 mAs can be best compensated for by which of the following? Increasing the SID to 60 in Decreasing the SID to 20 in Decreasing the kilovoltage to 60 kVp increasing the kilovoltage to 78 kVp

Increasing the kilovoltage to 78 kVp

In which of the following projections was the image in Figure 6-1 made?

Lateral/External Oblique

Which type of error results in grid cutoff at the periphery of the radiographic image?

Off-focus

What is the name of the structure indicated as number 5 in Figure 6-7?

Olecranon fossa

Which of the following is the most useful for bone age evaluation? Lateral skull PA chest AP pelvis PA hand

PA hand

An accurately positioned oblique projection of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae will demonstrate the classic "scotty dog". What bony structure does the Scotty dog's "eye" represent?

Pedicle

which of the following positions would demonstrate the R lumbar zygapophyseal articulations closest to the IR? LAO RAO LPO RPO

RPO

Which of the following procedures requires that contrast medium is injected into the ureters? Cystogram Urethrogram Retrograde Pyelogram Intravenous urogram

Retrograde pyelogram

From the following, select the group identifying the correct blood path through the heart from systemic, to pulmonary, and back to systemic circulation

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, left atrium, bicuspid/mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve

The CR should be directed to the center of the part of the greatest interest to avoid

Shape distortion

The portion of the remnant x-ray beam representing anatomical details having desirable quality is called:

Signal

The line-focus principle refers to the fact that

The actual focal spot is larger than the effective focal spot

During the measurement of blood pressure, which of the following occurs as the radiographer controls arterial tension with the sphygmomanometer?

The brachial artery is temporarily closed

The uppermost/first set of collimator shutters closest to the X-ray tube port window functions

To reduce off-focus radiation

the image seen in figure 6-17 waas obtained using which of the following positions? AP unilateral frog-leg/modified cleaves axiolateral inferospuerior/Danelius-Miller posterior oblique/judet PA axial oblique/ tuefel

Unilateral frog-leg/modified cleaves

An animal host of an infectious organism that transmits the infection via a bite or sting is a

Vector

Which of the following radiologic examinations would deliver the greatest ESE? Chest skull abdomen thoracic spine

abdomen

a minimum total amount of aluminum filtration (inherent plus added) of 2.5 mm is required in stationary radiographic equipment operated

above 70 kVp

What is the most superior structure of the scapula?

acromion process

The term that is often used to describe a particular control panel software selection in medical imaging is

algorithm

the substance used to induce vomiting is

an emetic

how is source-to-image receptor distance (SID) related to exposure rate and receptor exposure?

as SID increases, exposure rate decreases and receptor exposure decreases

Which of the following conditions will require an increase in x-ray photon energy/penetration? fibrosarcoma osteomalacia paralytic ileus ascites

ascites

the threat of bodily harm, with apparent ability to do so is termed

assault

referring to the simplified x-ray circuit shown in figure 6-16, what is indicated by the number 1?

autotransformer

All of the following statements regarding beam restriction are true except beam restriction improves contrast resolution beam restriction improves spatial resolution field size should never exceed IR dimensions beam restriction reduces patient dose

beam restriction improves spatial resolution

impingement on the wrist's median nerve causing pain and disability to the affected hand and wrist is known as

carpal tunnel syndrome

the bone labeled number 3 in figure 6-15 is

cuboid

If the lumbar zygapophyseal articulation is not well visualized in the posterior oblique position, and the pedicle is seen on the posterior aspect of the vertebral body, what should be done to correct the position?

decrease the degree of pt rotation

Hypochlorite bleach (Clorox) and Lysol are examples of

disinfectants

Each of the following statements regarding respiratory structures is true, except The left lung has two lobes the lower portion of the lung is the base each lung is enclosed in peritoneum the main stem bronchus enters the lung hilum

each lung is enclosed in peritoneum

to maintain image clarity, the path of electron flow from photocathode to output phosphor is controlled by

electrostatic lenses

which of the following correctly identifies the letter S in the radiograph shown in figure 6-13?

ellipsoid joint

the RAO position is used to project the sternum to the left of the thoracic vertebrae to take advantage of the

heart shadow

The medical term used to describe the vomitting of blood

hematemesis

a diuretic is used to

increase urine output

A blowout fracture usually occurs in which aspect of the orbital wall?

inferior

All of the following are rules of good body mechanics except keep the back straight, avoid twisting keep the load away from the body push, do not pull the load keep a wide base of support

keep the load away from the body

Which of the following groups of organs/structures are located in the left upper quadrant? left kidney, left suprenal gland, gastric fundus left suprenal gland, pylorus, duodenal bulb hepatic flexure, cecum, and pancreas gastric fundus, liver, and cecum

left kidney, left suprenal gland, and gastric fundus

Ionizing radiation passing through tissue and depositing energy through ionization processes is known as

linear energy transfer

which of the following formulas is used to determine the total number of heat units (HU) produced with a given exposure using three-phase and high-frequency equipment?

mA x kVp x 1.4

which of the following terms is used to express resolution?

modulation transfer function (MTF)

which of the following cell types has the lowest radiosensitivity? nerve cells muscle cells spermatids lymphocytes

nerve cells

a controlled area is one that is

occupied by radiation workers

A lesion with a stalk projecting from the intestinal mucosa into the lumen is a/an

polyp

focal spot blur is greatest

toward the cathode end of the x-ray beam

The position seen in Figure 6-8 is used to demonstrate

proximal forearm

How is the introduction of a 6in OID likely to affect the receptor exposure?

receptor exposure would decrease

combinations of milliamperage and exposure time that produce a particular milliampere seconds value will produce identical receptor exposures. this statement is an expression of the

reciprocity law

which of the following correctly identifies the letter T in the radiograph shown in figure 6-13?

sellar joint

how often are radiographic equipment collimators required to be evaluated?

semiannually

what type of shock results from bodily invasion of infection?

septic

which of the following would be most likely to cause the greatest skin dose (ESE)? short SID high kilovoltage increased filtration increased milliamperage

short SID

Although the stated focal spot size is measured directly under the actual focal spot, focal spot size really varies along the length of the x-ray beam. At which portion of the x-ray beam is the effective focal spot the largest? (A) At its outer edge (B) Along the path of the central ray (C) At the cathode end (D) At the anode end

the cathode end

if the center ionization chamber was selected for a lateral projection of the lumbar spine that was positioned with the spinous processes centered to the IR, the result would be

the image would be underexposed

which of the following interactions between x-ray photons and matter is most responsible for patient dose?

the photoelectric effect

the legal doctrine res ipsa locquitur means

the thing speaks for itself

what is the function of the x-ray tube component numbered 2 in figure 6-20?

to rotate the anode

The effects of radiation on biologic material depend on several factors. If a quantity of radiation is delivered to a body over a long period of time, the effect

will be less than if it is delivered all at one time