large animal VET 115 exam 1
Up until what age can passive immunity block an active immune response? a. 16 weeks (4 months) b. 12 weeks (3 months) c. 8 weeks (2 months) d. 24 weeks (6 months)
b. 12 weeks (3 months)
Which one is NOT a cause of Bloat (Ruminal Tympany)? a. Obstruction b. Lower quality hay c. Genetics d. Diets high in grain
b. lower quality hay
Bedding made from wood products must not contain any of the following:
black walnut
decubital ulcers are most likely to develop in the skin overlying
bony prominences
when monitoring a patient's feed intake, it is more important to record
both amount of food patient eats and amount of food patient does not eat both should be recorded
what do you call the storage place for milk before it is loaded onto the truck
bulk tank
Corona virus, although not discussed in detail during class, is another virus that can contribute to shipping fever. In addition to causing respiratory signs including, coughing, nasal and ocular discharge, it can also cause: a. Diarrhea b. Middle ear infections c. Vomiting d. Seizures
a. diarrhea
When looking at Maintenance Nutrient Requirements (MNR), an individual's actual requirements are usually: a. Higher than the MNR b. The same as MNR c. Less than MNR
a. higher than the MNR
This type of vaccine is made by killing the microbe and are unlikely to cause disease: a. Inactivated vaccines b. Live vaccines c. Attenuated vaccines d. Antitoxins
a. inactivated vaccine
stunning?
causes an animal to lose consciousness
the proper term for "bedsore" or "pressure sore" is ?
decubital ulcer
any equipment that enters an isolation "hot zone" does not leave the "hot zone" until it is ?
disinfected
Enterotoxemia, also known as overeating disease is caused by what etiological agents? a. Clostridium Perfringens type D b. Clostridium Perfringens type A c. Clostridium Perfringens type E d. Clostridium Perfringens type C e. Answers b and c f. Answers a and d
f. answers a & d (clostridium D & C causes enterotoxemia)
T or F U.S. utility is a grade of meat that is used for pork chops
false
T or F dairy animals reach peal milk production in Phase 3
false
T or F dirt and packed clay are desirable flooring for hospital stalls because disinfection can be thoroughly performed with steam cleaning machines
false
T or F it is not possible to improvise an effective "on-the-farm" isolation protocol for contagious cases that cannot be hospitalized; isolation protocols are only effective in a hospital/clinic setting
false
T or F it is safe to hand walk a horse with diarrhea through any part of a hospital or clinic, as long as the horse does not defecate
false
T or F it is safer to offer feed and water to animals in lateral recumbency than in sternal recumbency
false
T or F stall stripping should be performed daily for every patient
false
T or F when stunning an animal in preparation for slaughter, the heart is stopped
false
T or F mohair is produced from a sheep
false a goat
T or F grade B milk is used for drinking
false grade A
The egg of the Cooperia strongyle is very large, has a thin wall and contains 4-16 brown colored cells. a. True b. False
false the nematodirus is very large and has a strongyle "type" which is thin walled with 4-16 brown colored cells not the Cooper strongyle
______________ __is defined as how many animals succumb to illness, or how contagious it is.
morbidity
________________ __is defined as how many animals die within a sick population.
mortality
The type of animal insurance that covers the estimated value of an animal upon the animal's death is:
mortality insurance
which grooming tool can most safely be used on all parts of a horse's body
soft-bristled brush
harsh high pitch respiratory sound
stridor
T or F teats are washed in iodine to help prevent bacteria from entering the teat
true (both before and after)
Testing for _____________________, must be performed by a veterinarian
tuberculosis
T or F after conclusion of any case, whether contagious or not, water and feed containers should be thoroughly disinfected before they are reused
true
T or F an animals owner may delegate decision making authority for the animal to people other than himself or herself, such as a trainer or an agent
true
T or F electrolyte water solutions should not be used as a patients only water source
true
T or F organic mater and debris can inactivate most disinfectants
true
T or F predators are the biggest challenge in raising sheep
true
T or F rambouillet sheep breed out of season
true
elevation of body temperature caused by inadequate heat-dissipating mechanisms to overcome excessive ambient heat without change in the body's thermoregulatory set point
hyperthermia
Regular patient repositioning may help prevent:
-Compartment syndrome -Decubital ulcers -Respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and pleuritis (ALL OF THE ABOVE)
commercial feeders are classified as having more than how many cattle?
1000 cattle
goats milk for how many days after kidding?
300
on average an adult 1000lb horse will consume
5 - 10 gallons of water per day
______________ are the protocols set forth by a facility to prevent introduction of disease onto the farm. Two examples of this are controlling exposure of the herd to outside animals, people or vehicles and purchasing animals from a proven health management program.
Biosecurity
Anaplasmosis or Anaplasma marginale is a rickettsial organism is transmitted by: a. Biting insects, such as ticks b. Colostrum c. Fetal membranes such as placenta d. Contaminated instruments used by veterinarians e. a and d f. b and c
E. a and d (biting insects, such as ticks and contaminated instruments used by veterinarians)
Pasteurella pneumonia in goats is caused by _______________ and Mannheimia haemolytica, which are normal inhabitants in the goat's pharynx.
Pasteurella multocida
during which phase of milk production do we try to maintain peak milk production
Phase 2
The organism responsible for Wooden tongue is: a. Actinobacillus lignieresii b. Actinomyces bovis c. Aspergillus flavus d. Anaplasma marginale
a. actinobacillus lignieresii
This venereal disease is caused by a flagellate (which is an organism with a whip like appendage). It spread through sexual contact and can also be found in frozen semen samples. a. Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas foetus) b. Brucellosis (Brucella abortus) c. Vibriosis (Campylobacter fetus) d. Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis)
a. trichomoniasis (trichomonas foetus)
Artificial insemination is often used in dairy cows to improve genetic potential. a. True b. False
a. true
Bacillus anthracis the organism responsible for Anthrax is reportable and zoonotic. a. True b. False
a. true
Brucellosis,(also known as Bang's disease), which iscaused by the organism Brucella abortus is zoonotic, causing undulant fevers in humans. a. True b. False
a. true
Hairy heal warts or Papillomatous digital dermatitis are seen more commonly in cattle with poor hoof care. a. true b. false
a. true
Lungworm or Dictyocaulus viviparus is a slender white nematode that can be diagnosed by performing a fecal float with centrifuge, even though it typically invades the circulatory system before maturing in the lungs. a. True b. False
a. true
The foot is the most common site of lameness in cattle. a. True b. False
a. true
The organism responsible for Black Leg is Clostridium Chauvoei. a. True b. False
a. true
The vaccine for Brucellosis can only be administered by a licensed veterinarian. a. True b. False
a. true
Urinary issues are more common in male goats and are often a result of feeding diet high in grain or concentrates and low in roughage. a. True b. False
a. true
An ________________ __is added to a vaccine to help stimulate stronger immune response by prolonging release of an antigen in the body or causing irritation to increase body's immune response.
adjuvant
patient confidentiality should be maintained at all times by
all of the above restricting access to patient records limiting information posted on patients stall refraining from discussing case with anyone not involved
starvation is also known as
agroceriosis
the type of large animal practice performed by transporting veterinary supplies and equipment to the patient is known as what kind of practice?
ambulatory
when dilute bleach is applied to stall surfaces (floors, walls, etc) for disinfection, what is the proper procedure
apply dilute bleach, allow to air dry and DO NOT rinse with water
Although all of these viruses have been shown to play a part in Bovine Respiratory Disease Syndrome (BRDS), also known as Shipping Fever, most viruses that we discussed in class have symptoms related to the respiratory tract. This virus on the other hand more commonly has symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract. a. Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR, Red Nose) b. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) c. Para Influenza 3 d. Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSD) e. Coronavirus
b. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)
Contagious Bovine Pyelonephritis is caused by: a. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis b. Corynebacterium renale c. Fusuformis necrophorus d. Campylobacter fetus
b. Cornyebacterium renale
Johne's disease, which can be seen in cattle and goats is caused by this organism: a. Mycoplasma bovis b. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis c. Trichophyton verrucosum d. Listeria monocytogenes
b. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
Lumpy Jaw is caused by: a. Actinobacillus lignieresii b. Actinomyces bovis c. Aspergillus flavus d. Anaplasma marginale
b. actinomyces bovis
Two forms of permanent identification in beef cattle are hot iron branding and ear tags. a. True b. False
b. false permanent forms: hot iron branding, ear tattoo and freeze branding temporary forms: ear tags, paint brands and collars
Pregnancy toxemia, also known as ketosis is commonly seen prior to parturition in cows. a. True b. False
b. false seen in heavily lactating dairy cows several days to weeks after calving
The California Mastitis Test (C.M.T.) is used to diagnose clinical mastitis. a. True b. False
b. false subclinical mastitis
1. Hyperthermia and hypoglycemia are two of the most common causes of weakness and depression in newborn lambs. a. True b. False
b. false HYPOthermia NOT hyper
In addition to severe diarrhea, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) also causes abortion or weak malformed calves with frontal lobe hypoplasia. a. True b. False
b. false causes cerebellar hypoplasia
Goats with horns are associated with infertility, this condition is called polled intersex. a. True b. False
b. false infertility linked to polled genotype or goats born without horns NOT horned goats
The sheep ked or Melophagus ovinus pictured below, which causes wool loss and pruritis is widely dispersed, however it is not considered a significant ectoparasite of sheep. a. true b. false
b. false it IS a significant ectoparasite of sheep
bovine leukosis is a zoonotic disease a. True b. False
b. false it is NOT zoonotic
A LDA or left displaced abomasum, typically occurs on the right side and is usually associated with parturition. a. True b. False
b. false occurs on left side (low and to right of the left side)
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or Mad Cow Disease is a prion disease similar to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Sheep, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in humans and Scrapie in deer and elk. a. True b. False
b. false scrapie in sheep creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans and CWD in deer and elk
You are called out to a farm; one of their higher producing dairy cows is down. When you walk into the barn, you find the down cow with her head turned to one side. On physical exam it is noted that there is lack of borborygmus, also known as gut sounds. a. Grass tetany (Hypomagnesemia) b. Milk fever (Hypocalcemia or Parturition Paresis) c. Thiamine-deficiency polio (Polioencephalomalacia) d. Ketosis (Acetonemia)
b. milk fever (hypocalcemia or parturition paresis)
This disease is found in individuals who have ingested Clostridium novyi spores that are in the soil and snails, which are an intermediate host for a liver fluke (Fasciola sp.). a. Black Leg b. Enterotoxemia c. Black's disease d. Malignant edema
c. black's disease
The etiologic agent responsive for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is: a. Parainfluenza 3 b. Pneumovirus c. Bovine Herpes virus d. Pestivirus
c. bovine herpes virus
One source of disease is a fomite, a fomite is a(n): a. Insect, such as a mosquitos b. Another animal infected with a disease c. Inanimate object, such as a stethoscope d. Stagnant body of water
c. inanimate object, such as a stethoscope
Which is NOTa type of passive immunity: a. Consumption of colostrum by newborn b. In utero, from dam to fetus c. Vaccination with a non-infectious vaccine d. IV infusion of anti-body rich plasma
c. vaccination with a non-infectious vaccine
Due to concerns with vaccinations and drug residues, before being slaughtered there is a withhold time of: a. 14 days b. 12 days c. 22 days d. 21 days
d. 21 days
This type of immunity involves the immune system, which develops antibodies to antigens. a. Passive immunity b. Cell-mediated immunity c. Non-specific immunity d. Active immunity
d. Active immunity
Tetanus, which causes stiff muscles, rigid extension of limbs and lock jaw, is caused by: a. Clostridium chauvoei b. Clostridium novyi c. Clostridium septicum d. Clostridium tetani
d. Clostridium tetani
In addition to trauma from ultraviolet light, insects and dust, this organism is also responsible for Pink Eye or Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in cattle: a. Mycoplasma conjunctivae b. Escherichia coli c. Haemophilus somnus d. Moraxella bovis
d. Moraxella bovis
Which is NOT a cause of dystocia: a. Abnormal fetal position b. Abnormal fetal size c. Poor straining effort d. A single fetus
d. a single fetus
Digestible Energy (DE) is: a. The general measure of the nutritive value of a food b. Total energy potential available in a feed consumed by an animal c. Portion of energy available to the animal for use in maintaining body values, pregnancy or lactation d. Energy that remains after energy lost in feces is subtracted from gross energy
d. energy that remains after energy lost in the feces is subtracted from gross energy
This opportunistic bacterium has become recognized as an important pathogen in Shipping Fever. Infection can develop into septicemia, which can lead to Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis (TEME). a. Mannheimia haemolytica b. Pasteurella multocida c. Mycoplasma bovis d. Haemophilus somnus
d. haemophilus somnus
which is NOT considered potentially contagious upon leaving an isolation "hot zone" a. cloth laundry b. unused adhesive tape rolls c. garbage bags containing trash d. none of the above
d. none of the above
absence of gut sounds
ileus
a patient is observed to have blepharospasm (squinting) of one eye. closer inspection shows evidence of excessive lacrimation (tearing) from the eye. the cornea is clear. the proper course of action is
immediately alert the clinician in charge of the case
_______________ is also known as biting
mallophagis
which method of providing water allows more accurate monitoring of a patient's water intake
manual (bucket) watering
stripping of the teats is a good way to test for
mastitis
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis or Hardware disease can cause _____________, which is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).
pericarditis
An important aspect of biosecurity is called _____________ __; typically new animals are isolated from the established herd to be observed for signs of illness.
quarantine
The preferred bedding for a patient with respiratory allergies would be:
shredded paper
complete removal of stall bedding, down to stall floor is called
stall stripping
inspiratory noise similar to snoring
stertor
time it takes for a drug to be removed from the animals system
withdrawal time