Leadership Final

Which of the following statements is true of coercive power?

It has the possibility to be used by followers to influence their leader's behavior.

Which of the following statements is true of legitimate power?

It means that a leader has authority because she or he has been assigned a particular role in an organization.

Identify a true statement about socialized power.

It often involves an empowering, rather than an autocratic, style of management and leadership.

Which of the following is a conventional distinction between managers and leaders?

Managers maintain, while leaders develop.

_____ is most likely to be associated with the role friendships play in making things happen.

Referent power

In comparing teams and group members, which statement is most likely true?

Team members can readily identify who is and who is not on the team; identifying members of a group may be more difficult.

Which of the following fundamental archetypes of leadership is most likely to take risks and action in a crisis?

The Warrior-Knight archetype

_____ occurs when people's expectations or predictions play a causal role in bringing about the events they predict.

The self-fulfilling prophecy

According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, which of the following statements is true about pragmatist followers?

They are rarely committed to their group's work goals.

People in societies exhibiting a large degree of power distance

accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and that needs no further justification.

Leadership development is enhanced when an experience involves three processes, which are

action, observation, and reflection.

In the context of perception, which of the following terms is best described as the explanations people develop for the characteristics, behaviors, or actions to which they attend?

attribution

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following web is the foundation for leaders to function in complex, uncertain, and changing environments where leadership solutions to challenges depend on mutual trust and respect among parties?

authenticity

In the context of the developmental stages of groups, which of the following is a characteristic of the norming stage?

clear emergence of a leader

In the context of group size, which of the following defines subgroups of individuals who often share the same goals, values, and expectations?

cliques

A police officer giving a speeding ticket to a driver is most likely using his or her

coercive power.

According to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership, _____ are the "yes people" of organizations and are very active at doing their organization's work.

conformist followers

Influence is best described as the

degree of actual change in a target person's values.

In a classic study of sex roles, Schein

demonstrated how bias in sex role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles.

In the context of group roles, which of the following is an example of a dysfunctional role?

dominating

Which of the following is a possible solution for groupthink?

establishing an independent subgroup to make recommendations

_____ power is a function of the amount of knowledge one possesses relative to the rest of the members of a group.

expert

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following webs of belief undergirds how one balances active participation in the events of one's life with alternating periods of observation, reflection, detachment, and rest?

flaneur

Which of the following involves participants being given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, phone messages, and letters from a fictitious manager's in-basket?

in-basket exercises

Ideal followers are most likely to be described as

independent.

In the context of group roles, which of the following occurs when someone receives inconsistent signals from several others about expected behavior?

intersender role conflict

A manager makes the following statement to a subordinate: "I need this report back in five minutes, and it better be perfect." Which term best describes this type of role conflict?

intrasender role conflict

According to leadership researchers, leadership

is an interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to.

Legitimizing tactics most likely occur when agents

make requests based on their position or authority.

A personal relationship in which a more experienced mentor (usually someone two to four levels higher in an organization) acts as a guide, role model, and sponsor of a less experienced protégé is known as

mentoring.

In the context of the nature of groups, _____ are the informal rules groups adopt to regulate and regularize group members' behaviors.

norms

Unlike traditional training programs, action learning

often is conducted in teams of work colleagues who are addressing real company challenges.

In the context of group cohesion, which of the following occurs when illegal actions are taken by overly zealous and loyal subordinates who believe that what they are doing will please their leaders?

ollieism

People tend to use rational tactics when

parties are relatively equal in power.

People do not see everything that happens in a particular leadership situation, nor do they hear everything; instead they are selective in what they attend to and what they, in turn, understand. A phenomenon that demonstrates this selectivity is called

perceptual set.

Functional, interdependent roles that are focused on the performance of group tasks are characteristic of which stage of group development?

performing

Which of the following terms describes a kind of learning between an individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions?

single-loop learning

In the context of group size, which of the following is a phenomenon in which working in the presence of others increases effort or productivity?

social facilitation

In the context of the developmental stages of groups, which of the following stages is characterized by intragroup conflict, heightened emotional levels, and status differentiation?

storming

The tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental causes when others fail is called

the fundamental attribution error.

Most early research on leadership was based on the assumption that leadership is a general personal trait expressed independently of the situation in which the leadership is manifested. This view is commonly known as

the heroic theory.

Which of the following is a phenomenon that refers to situations in which people feel themselves at risk of being judged by others holding negative images about them?

the stereotype threat

A key reason behind using the phrase "desirable opportunities" in a definition of leadership was precisely to distinguish between leadership and

tyranny.

Unlike the role approach, the constructionist approach

views leadership as combined acts of leading and following by different individuals.

Leadership is most associated with words like

vision.

_____ occurs when agents ask targets to participate in planning an activity.

Consultation

Identify a true statement about passive followers according to Robert Kelley's basic styles of followership.

They require constant direction because they lack initiative and a sense of responsibility.

Which of the following statements is true of women in leadership positions?

Women had significantly lower well-being scores than men.

Which of the following involves a willingness to confront your own views and an invitation to others to do so, too?

double-loop learning

Which of the following words is most often associated with the word "management"?

efficiency

The sum of the forces that attract members to a group, provide resistance to leaving it, and motivate them to be active in it is called

group cohesion.

Which of the following is an intrinsic reward?

personal growth

The inefficiencies created by more and more people working together are called

process losses.

A leader who has developed close interpersonal relationships with followers generally uses his or her _____ power to influence them.

referent

When students respond positively to requests from teachers who are well-liked and respected, it most likely illustrates that the teachers have

referent power.

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following webs of belief is associated with respecting and caring for all creation, and honoring the needs and identities of everyone in every culture?

reverence

Molly, a member of a product development team, is most likely experiencing _____ if she wonders, "Just what am I supposed to be doing?

role ambiguity

Unlike consultation, coalition tactics are most likely used when agents

seek the aid or support of others to influence their targets.

People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error. This is called

the actor/observer difference.

In survey research by Judith Rosener that identified several differences in how men and women described their leadership experiences, it was found that

women helped subordinates develop commitment to broader goals than their own self-interest.