Leadership NL110

Explain how values impact human behavior (revisit bias, schemas, recognizing bias)

"values are core conceptions of the desirable within every individual and society. They serve as standards or criteria to guide not only action but also judgement, choice, attitude, evaluation, argument, exhortation, [and] rationalization

rulestoliveby

- Don't blame your boss for an unpopular decision or policy; your job is to support, not undermine. -Fight your boss if necessary; but do inprivate, avoid embarrassing situations, never reveal to others what was discussed -Make the decision, then run it passed the boss' use your initiative. -Accept responsibility whenever it is offered, - Tell the truth and on't quibble; your boss will be giving advice up the chain of command based on what you said. - Do your homework; give your boss all the information needed to make a decision; anticipate possible questions. - When making a recommendation, remember who will probably have to implement it. This means you must know your limitations and weaknesses as well as your strengths. -keep your boss informed of what's going on in the unit; people will be reluctant to tell him or her their problems and successes. You should do it for them, and assume someone else will tell the boss about yours. - If you see a problem fix it. Don't worry about who would have gotten the blame or who now gets the praise. - Put in more than an honest day's work, but don't forget the needs of your family. If they are unhappy, you will be too, and your job performance will suffer accordingly.

Differentiate between a test of integrity and an ethical dilemma

A test of integrity is when a person knows the right thing to do. An ethical dilemma is when someone does not know the right answer and has to choose.

Outline the values development process (revisit socialization, resocialization)

Acceptance(Prizing) Preference(Choosing) Commitment(Acting)

Understand the relationship between personality differences and teambuilding

Although all individuals need not be well rounded, teams should be

Explain the relationship between ownership and dissent with respect to military leadership

As a member of the military, we have a duty to follow orders from superiors, but also to uphold the standards of the constitution. We must take ownership of our obligations and make the right decisions compared to orders and whether they are Constitutional. So the differences are that with ownership you are allowed to disagree with orders because we swear our oaths to the Constitution.

Identify the attributes of peer leaders

Attributes: Humility, Moral Courage, Professionalism, Competency, and a Realistic Mindset (Understand your own position compared to those under you, their responsibilities and motivations)

Define authentic leadership

Authentic leadership is approach to leadership in which people act real, genuine and sincere that is true to who they are as an individual.

Explain why developing your own authentic approach is critical for a military leader

Authentic leadership places more trust in the relationship between the leader and his/her subordinates.

Evaluate the application of social influence and persuasion in leadership

Being more conscious can help in how a leader influences those below them. It is also important to make sure that your ways of persuasion are not sinister and are within the lines of reasonable persuasion.

Explain how reflection promotes learning

By reflecting an individual determines what went well or what did not go well during a certain evolution. After reflecting that individual is able to come up with a solution to what did not go well and implement it when a similar situation arises

Describe the concepts of captainitis and authority

Captainitis: Followers assume someone is correct simply because they are in a position over them. Authority: Being over someone else and how you are treated or treat people in authority (Larry King Show).

B. Describe factors that help develop resilience

Challenging yourself Part of resilience is adapting to stress. Putting yourself in situations where you are tested will help you grow Remember: diamonds only form under pressure!! Keep a positive attitude Maintain a "dynamic" versus a "static" mindset Imagine a rubber band: when you stretch a rubber band it will return back to its original shape. Resilience is not just "bouncing back" but learning how to end in a better place than where you started Do not allow adversity to knock you down. Instead allow challenge to motivate you to develop Stop and take time to reflect. Ask yourself, "what did I learn from this?"

Define values"

Concepts or beliefs About desirable end states or behaviors, That transcend specific situation, Guide selection or evaluation of behavior and events, and Are ordered by relative importance

. Identify three responses to social influence

Conformity: Group pressure leads people to give in even if there is evidence that points to another conclusion. Compliance: "Foot in the Door." Once a relationship is began or somewhat established, people will be more likely to comply and do as they are told or asked. Obedience: (65% Shocked a man to death in an experiment) People obey because they feel they have to follow orders of someone in control or command.

Describe the dimensions of personality and the mental processes that drive these differences

Despite our similarities, however, there is little doubt that each human being is unique—different from every other individual on the planet. Seeking to understand human commonalities and seeking to account for individual differences are complementary, insofar as we cannot fully apprehend differences if we cannot identify our common characteristics.

. Explain strategies of peer leaders

Develop a compelling mission that will allow for peers to buy in to a cause, and be enthusiastic -Communicate: Understand the people you're leading, and see if you can help them -Win over group leaders: People stand out naturally, sway them to your side for support of all -Confront Swiftly & Consistently: Try to stamp out problems informally and at the lowest level as soon as possible, and also recognize the positive accomplishments of others

Identify and describe your MBTI results

Different per person

Explain Carter's three steps of integrity

Discerning what is right and what is wrong Acting on what you have discerned, even at personal cost Saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right from wrong

. Compare the types of values conflicts

Ethical Conflict Usually a conflict between two right solutions The best thing to do is to rank values or pick which one is more right Interpersonal Conflict Do not confront other people about their beliefs Best way to go about this conflict is with a subtle approach and slowly implementing your values into the decision making. If worst comes to worst, agree to disagree

Differentiate between ethnocentricism and cultural relatvism

Ethnocentrism: the tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. Cultural Relativism:viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their culture. Placing a priority on understanding other cultures rather than dismissing them as strange or exotic.

Know the four domains of leadership strength, and explain how leaders can use each domain

Executing: People who work tirelessly to implement a solution Influencing: Help their team reach a much broader audience; always selling the team's ideas. Relationship Building: The glue that holds a team together. Creates groups and organizations that are much greater than the sum of their parts. Strategic Thinking: Constantly absorbing and analyzing information and helping the team make better decisions. Constantly looking towards the future.

. Describe the five bases of power in French and Raven's taxonomy of social power

Expert Power: Power of knowledge, someone that is an expert in a subject has power in that area. Referent Power: The power someone has stemming from the strength of a relationship. Legitimate Power: A person's organizational role, power they have been charged with due to position. Reward Power: Having power over someone by offering them incentives or rewards for obeying you. Coercive Power: Having power over someone by threatening them with consequences for failure to obey.

Understand the four scales of the MBTI

Extraversion-Introversion (E-I) - Where individuals draw energy from. Sensing-Intuition (S-N) - How people gather data and absorb information. Thinking- Feeling (T-F) - How do you make decisions? With logic or personal values. Judging-Perceiving (J-P) - How you plan things. Are you organized or flexible with you schedule.

Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Extrinsic= to obtain some separable outcome Intrinsic= inherent satisfaction (internal)

Recalling French and Raven's taxonomy of social power, evaluate the positives and negatives related to employing different influence tactics as they relate to the power bases

First there is legitimate power where subordinates are expected to follow an order given to them and be obedient.. This can be a negative because persuasion can be misused and then the target can follow the order blindly only looking for incentives. With reward it is positive because people should be expected to look out for each other, but like exchange they can be guilt tripped into doing something for a superior.

Describe how French and Raven's five bases of power and the nine influence tactics apply to servant leadership

French and Raven's five bases of power (reward, coercion,legitimate, expert, and referent) all can be used by leader; however, a good servant leader will use their relationship based in their love, service, and integrity to encourage a subordinate to accomplish a task; rewards and coercion will not be necessary. In the same way with influence tactics, a servant leader does not need to necessarily use those tactics because their example of service inspires their subordinates

Differentiate between a growth mindset and a fixed mindset

Growth = sees challenge and failure as opportunity to expand Fixed = character, intelligence, and creativity cannot be changed Growth has potential for development fixed is stagnant

Identify the key components of the listening process and active listening, and recall the guidelines for good listening Listening Process

Hear Focus on sounds comprehend/interpret Analyze Respond Eye contact Facial expressions Head movements Touching Verbal responses

D. Identify the implications of resilience for military leaders

In the military it is important to maintain mental health so that you can always be at your peak to make decisions and lead Military leaders must set the example for their subordinates A leader's attitude and mindset will set the tone of the entire squad

Define integrity

Integrity demands a difficult process of discerning one's deepest understanding of right and wring, and then further requires action consistent with what one has learned. Soundness of moral principle and character-uprightness-honesty

Relate integrity to effective leadership

Integrity helps a person to make a leader someone who can be trusted.

Identify key attributes necessary for servant leadership

Integrity-Integrity serves as the foundation of servant leadership. Character being the center of it. As character is the sum of all the actions and habits, we have formed. As Emerson says, "The force of character is cumulative." Servant leadership is not a sometime thing, but a lifestyle. Love- Love comes in two ways. Philia is brotherly love. This is centered upon serving those around you. Agape is selfless love. This love is like integrity; it is a constant decision which must be made. Service- Service is centered upon sacrifice. This means putting the wants, needs, and accolades of self aside in order to achieve the mission. Influence- A servant leader must establish relationships with those he leads to influence them. Trust and respect are central components of building theser relationships. Leadership- This is the sum of all the four. Leaders love, serve, and influence their subordinates, superiors, and peers while maintaing their integrity.

Understand the implications of reflection for military leaders

It helps ensure that the same mistake is not made twice. It helps them determine what worked and what did not work in a mission. It helps them come up with ideas for the future.

Summarize the role of culture in leadership

Knowing and understanding your subordinates culture's can have significant effects on how you choose to lead them.

Describe the importance of language in culture

Language is an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture. It includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and nonverbal gestures and expressions.

Describe some leadership myths

Leaders are born, not made. Leadership is common sense You can only learn leadership from "hard knock You cannot teach leadership.

Know that resilience is the ability to withstand, recover and grow in the face of challenges, demands and adversity.

Life presents challenges which are opportunities for us to grow

Know the pros and cons of loyalty for leaders

Loyalty can be a big contributor to great performance from everyone connected, but sometimes loyalty can cause people to come together in the name of loyalty to do something bad (XYZ case involving the four Youngsters who drank, which violated the orders from their CoC on their ship).

Be aware of the various resources that USNA, the Navy and the Marine Corps provide

Midshipmen have access to the midshipmen development center Use your chain of command: Everyone from your youngster to Company Officer has faced adversity at some point. Learn from their experiences.

Know the problems with lacking ownership

Morals will worsen No "buy-in" Negative attitude and no enthusiasm Less respect

Explain the relationship between motivation and human behavior

Motivation = anything that provides direction, intensity, and persistence Human behavior = tendencies and patterns of humans Motivation drives human behavior

. Describe different motivation theories, to include need, cognitive and situational theories

Need= Maslow Pyramid of needs, must satisfy the lower ones first (Food and water to philosophy and art at top) ERG = Alderfer - frustration regression hypothesis - failure to satisfy higher level needs leads to lower ones being overcompensated for Equity = fair treatment by leaders - relationship between two ratios Expectancy = a) motivation is a choice b) people will do what benefits them Effort to performance Performance to outcome Herzberg 2 factor = what satisfied and dissatisfied workers are often two different things

Define cultural norms and values

Norms are the established standards of behavior maintained by a society. Values are the collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper or bad, undesirable, and improper in a culture.

the degrees of followership

One dimension measures to what degree followers exercise independent , critical thinking. The other ranks them on a passive/ active scale. There are four different types of followers: alienated, effective, sheep, and Yes people. Alienated are cynics who are independent and critical thinkers but are passive nin their role. Effective are well- balanced and responsible adults who can succeed without strong leadership. Sheep are passive and uncritical, lacking initiative and sense of responsibility, they perform tasks then stop. Yes people are livelier but are equally unenterprising group. They act as if they are servants dependent on a leader

Identify the benefits of embodying ownership

People will show respect People will have a more positive attitude People will show trust People will show more support

Give examples of lack of ownership in the "Damn Exec" parable

Placing blame on higher ups instead of owning the situation. Even if an officer does not want to be in the situation, he should not show his displeasure to his sailors. He must take ownership of his actions and explain the situation as an order instead of complaining.

Describe the nine influence tactics

Rational persuasion: using logic or concrete evidence to influence others Inspirational appeals: to build enthusiasm in followers and get to emotions through requests Consultation: when people ask targets to participate in planning an activity Ingratiation: getting targets in a positive mind set before asking a request of them Personal appeals: asking for a favor or request when there is a friendship present Exchange: influencing a target through exchange of favors Coalition tactics: used when agents seek the aid or support of others to influence the target Pressure tactics: threats or persistent reminders used to influence the target Legitimizing tactics: when agents make requests based on their position or authority

Describe the six "weapons of persuasion"

Reciprocation: doing something in return for something back.Can use guilt to make someone do something for you because in the past you had done something for them Commitment/Consistency: doing something because it is consistent with previous commitments made Authority: doing something based on directions/ recommendations of authority figure Social Validation: doing something because others, especially those similar to oneself, are doing the same thing (conformity) Scarcity: objects/opportunities are more attractive when dwindling in availability Liking/Friendship: people are more likely to do something when asked by those they like or with whom they identify

Describe reflective action

Reflective action is reflecting on, constructing and integrating new knowledge within the context of existing knowledge, to build on and from experiences, and to be actively engaged in developing theories that can be used in practice.

5 characteristics of a solid relationship

Respect: All relationships start with respect and one should not have to earn respect. They should be respected because they are human beings. Shared experiences: Respect serves as a foundation for a relationship but shared experiences build on that relationship. Trust: Respect and shared experiences lead to trust in a relationship. "To be trusted is a greater compliment than to be loved." Reciprocity: The relationship in which there is one giver and one receiver will not last. It is important to give-and-take not only to benefit each other but also to show them you care about them. Mutual enjoyment: As people become closer to another individual, mutual enjoyment naturally follows. It can turn unpleasant tasks into pleasant experiences.

Analyze servant leadership's application in the military

Servant leadership in the military is centered in putting your people first. The needs of your enlisted or subordinate officers should alway come before your own. In the Marine Corps, the common phrase is "officers eat last." Not only is this literally true, but also, it applies as a standard for all other facets of life. Helping your people with their problems comes before yours.

Describe servant leadership

Servant leadership is centered around flipping the typical commercial pyramids. Employees work for supervisors, who work for managers, who work for VP's, who work for CEO's. In order to become servant leaders, we must flip this structure, where those in power serve others. With the Constitutional paradigm, we flip the standard business structure. We, members of the military, put the American people first, and ourselves last. However, being a servant leader does not mean neglecting ourself. As the book elaborates, "You must not necessarily think less of yourself, but think of yourself less."

Differentiate between subcultures and countercultures

Subcultures: a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger society. Ex: Rodeo riders, retirement community, deployed troops. Countercultures: when a subculture conspicuously and deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture it is known as a counterculture.

Discuss the interplay between System 1 and System 2

System 1 and system 2 are both active when we are awake. System 1 runs automatically and system 2 is normally in a comfortable low-effort mode, in which only a fraction of its capacity is engaged. System 1 continuously generates suggestions for system 2. When all goes smoothly, which is most of the time, system 2 adopts the suggestions of system 1 with little or no modification.

Identify the characteristics and attributes of System 1 and System 2

System 1: operates automatically and quickly, with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control. System 2: allocates attention to the effortful mental activities that demand it, including complex computations. The operations of System 2 are often associated with the subjective experience of agency, choice, and concentration.

Differentiate between systematically reflecting and the types of reflection

Systematically reflecting refers to the manner or process of reflection that works best for you. Natural reflection is when we reflect when it is natural or when it is most important to reflect. Recurrent reflection is when one inserts some form of regularity or routine into one's reflection.

Describe best practices for practicing reflection

The best practices for practicing reflection are to set aside time for reflection, remove yourself from distractions, regularly review your calendar or journal, ask the right questions, and cement your learning through action.

something about followership

The concepts of integrity, loyalty and ownership are important in followership because they create a sense of pride and meaningfulness in the goal that which the leader has set for the followers and the followers to have meaning.

Describe the role of attention in mental activity

The control of attention is shared by the two systems. Orienting to a loud sound is normally an involuntary operation of system 1, which immediately mobilizes the voluntary attention of system 2. The highly diverse operations of system 2 have one feature in common: they require attention and are disrupted when attention is drawn away.

Understand the benefits of a leadership curriculum

The leadership curriculum allows the individual to understand their strengths and weaknesses and how they work with others. One must learn themselves before they can learn their relationships. Also, the leadership curriculum teaches how one has to adjust in order to build strong relationship as a leader with his/her subordinates.

Differentiate between ownership as described in "Damn Exec" vs. taking ownership of your actions

The ownership in "Damn Exec" is the kind of ownership that you must take from decisions made that are not your own. Officers must take ownership of the XO and CO's decision to hold the crew on the ship. Taking ownership of your own actions is taking ownership of decisions that you yourself make.

Define culture

The totality of learned, socially transmitted custom,knowledge,material objects, and behavior. It includes the ideas, values and artifacts of groups of people

Differentiate between horizontal and vertical loyalty

These two types of loyalty apply to the "someone" mentioned in the definition. Horizontal loyalty is loyalty to those around you that you are usually informal with: friends, family, etc. Vertical loyalty is when you are loyal to someone who is superior, but you can also be loyal to someone who is a subordinate. Horizontal loyalty examples: peers, "on your level", shipmates, teammates, family Vertical loyalty examples: chain of command, institution, Constitution, ideals, superiors

Explain the relationship between ownership, loyalty and integrity

They all go hand-in-hand. As a leader, having integrity for yourself and everything that happens in life speaks to that person's ownership of themself and others. And when leaders embody ownership, their sailors and marines will be loyal to them.

Understand the importance of values for military leaders

Values are what we base our decisions on, which is how we lead our sailors and Marines. If values are weak or wrong, people will be less likely to follow, or feel safe in dire situations

Assess the importance of understanding perception and bias to leadership

ndy

Describe what is meant by managing bias

ndy

Define reflection

serious thought or consideration

how to be an effective follower

the behaviors and traits of effective followers are enthusiastic, intelligent, and self-reliant participation- without starbilliing- in the pursuit of an organizational goal. They manage themselves well and they build their competence and focus their efforts for maximum impact. They are courageous, honest, and credible.

Define loyalty

the quality of being loyal to something or someone; a strong feeling of support or "allegiance" to something or someone

A. Define social perception

the study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people

leadership as a relationship

unique relationship between a leader and follower(s). This relationship is both situational and dependent upon the unique personalities of the participants. As such, the leadership relationship is complex.

Explain schemas

used to denote well-organized structure of cognitions about some social entity