learn smart ch 9

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donor and recipient bacterial cells are corrected by the sex pills during___

conjugation

A(n) ___ mutation results from an insertion or deletion of nucleotides, leading to a shift of the triplet sequence from the point of mutation downstream.

frameshift

the ___ is the genetic makeup of an organism that is ultimately responsible for an organism's expressed characteristics.

genotype

which is a purine

guanine

the enzyme ___ unzips the DNA helix prior to the start of replication

helicase

An___ is a permanent inheritable alteration in the DNA sequence of a cell

mutation

a small number of ___ are considered beneficial in that they provide the cell with a useful change in structure of physiology

mutations

in bacterial conjugation, a donor cell with a F fertility ____ located in the cytoplasm is considered F+

plasmid

mutations that involve the addition, deletion or substitution of a single base are referred to as ___ mutations.

point

mutations that involve the addition, deletion, or subtraction of a single base are referred to as ___ mutations

point

DNA ___ synthesizes DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction

polymerase

Gram positive cells conjugate and transfer genetic material through which structure?

pore in cell wall

gram___ cells conjugate and transfer genetic material through pores in their cell walls instead of pili

positive

___ are able to shift from one part of the genome to another.

transposons

How many replication forks are formed from opening a section of the parental DNA molecule during replication?

2

all new DNA strands are synthesized

5' to 3'

in bacterial cinjugation, which term refers to a donor cell with a fertility plasmid located in the cytoplasm

F+

true or false: bacterial conjugation is a sexual process

False

true or false: in bacterial conjugation, all F+ donor cells are high frequency recombinant (Hfr) cells.

False

what must be replicated before a cell can divide through binary fission?

Genetic material

in replication of DNA, the lagging strand is replicated in a discontinuous manner forming ___ fragments

Okazaki

___ involves the uptake of free DNA by competent bacterial cells

Transformation

true to false R-factors or "resistance factors" can be shared between bacteria through conjugation to help them survive the effects of antibiotics.

True

Transduction occurs through

a bacteriophage

the ___ test is used to determine the carcinogenic potential of a chemical.

ames

In DNA, the 2 strands of the helix are arranged in ___ orientation

antiparallel

plasmids are found in which type(s) of organisms

bacteria and fungi

The genome of a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell includes DNA found in which sites?

chromosomes mitochondria chloroplasts plasmids

R factors are specifically associated with which mechanism of recombination

conjugation

which us true regarding DNA replication

each new DNA helix contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.

proteins that remove incorrect bases and replace them with correct ones are termed ___ repair enzymes

ecxision

which type of mutation is generally most harmful to cells?

frameshift mutation

there are approximately 4,200 ___ in the chromosome of Escherichia coli

genes

the complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism is referred to as the

genome

what type of DNA mutation occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens?

induced

what is the inducer of the lactose operon?

lactose

which strand is replicated discontinuously in segments during DNA replication?

lagging

the ___ or continuous strand is replicated without segments during DNA replication.

leading

which enzyme completes the final sealing of nicks in a newly synthesized DNA strand

ligase

which type of mutation results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein

missense

A ___ is an agent that induces changes in DNA

mutagen

a chemical or physical agent that indexes a change in DNA is referred to as a___

mutagen

a ___ mutation results in early termination of the protein

nonsense

which mutation changes an amino acid producing codon into a stop codon?

nonsense

gene expression can be regulated through inducible or repressible ___

operons

The expressed characteristics resulting from the interaction of the particular genetic makeup of an organism and the environment is the ___ of the organism

phenotype

in bacterial conjugation, F+ donor cells are high frequency recombinant (Hfr) cells when the ___ is integrated into the chromosome.

plasmid

The main effect of ultraviolet radiation on DNA is abnormal bonding between adjacent ___

pyrimidines

which term refers to the transfer of genes between donor and recipient microorganisms?

recombination

during___ DNA replication, the newly made double helices are composed of one strand from the parent template and one newly synthesized strand.

semiconservative

what kind of gene encodes a specific functional protein?

structural

which kind of gene encodes a specific functional protein

structural

what did griffith's experiment using streptococcus pneumonia demonstrate

that 2 different strains of S. pneumonia transformed into a third unique strain

How do an Her cell and a F+ cell differ

the plasmid is integrated into the chromosome of an Hfr cell but not in a F+ cell

How do an Hfr cell and an F+ cell differ

the plasmid is integrated into the chromosome of an Hfr cell but not in an F+ cell

___ involves the transfer of DNA via bacteriophages.

transduction

during the process of ___ a competent bacterial cell may accept soluble DNA from the surrounding environment.

transformation

"jumping genes" are know as___

transposons

in bacterial conjugation, which term refers to a recipient cell that does not have a fertility plasmid

F-

A ___ binds to an inactive repressor to make an active repressor

corepressor

the purine guanine pairs with the pyrimidine___

cytosine

___ genes may be regulated during growth and development leading to different tissue types

eukaryotic

the native or ___ strain describes cells that exhibit non mutated properties

wild type

an organism that has a mutation is called a __-

mutant

which term refers to an organism that has a mutation

mutant


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