Learning and assessment

IDEIA (2004) reauthorization of IDEA

Was a law implemented in 1990 which recognized that most students with disabilities spent all or most of their time in general ed settings. There was a provision though that would make sure that all general education teachers became apart of the team.

Qualitative Scale:

Uses verbal descriptions to indicate student performance. There are two types of qualitative descriptions. One type indicates the different gradations of the dimensions. The Second type of qualitative scale indicates how the performance compares to the established standards.

IDEA

Was a law implemented in 1990 which recognized that most students with disabilities spent all or most of their time in general ed settings. There was a provision though that would make sure that all general education teachers became apart of the team.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Public Law 101-476: 1990

-Inclusion: Students with special needs are primarily served in the general education environment.

What are the 3 types of scoring guides you can use

1. Checklist 2. Rubric -analytic -holistic 3. rating scales

What are the advantages of a performance based assessment?

1. engages the students 2. motivates the students 3. encourages student self-assessment

What are the disadvantages when it comes to performance based assessments?

1. time consuming to plan, grade 2. may require training 3. may not have good reliability because the work a student chooses

checklist

A checklist is a simple listing of the criteria or dimension. As the teacher you will check whether or not each criterion was met for that specific dimension demonstrated. ~Checklists are generally good for evaluating a specific sequence of steps.

Holistic Rubric

A holistic rubric is one in which each category of the scale contains several criteria, yielding a single score that gives an overall impression or rating. Advantages of a Holistic Rubric: ~Simplicity ~ability to provide a reasonable summary rating Disadvantages of an Analytic Rubric: ~take longer to score When you give a summative assessment you would use this type of rubric.

Portfolios

A portfolio can be defined as a purposeful, systematic process of collecting and evaluating student formative and/ or summative assessments to document progress towards the learning targets that have been set up.

rating scale

A rating Scale is used to indicate the degree to which a particular dimension is present, beyond a simple yes or no. There multiple types: numerical, qualitative, and numerical/ quantitative Qualitative Scale: Uses verbal descriptions to indicate student performance. There are two types of qualitative descriptions. One type indicates the different gradations of the dimensions. The Second type of qualitative scale indicates how the performance compares to the established standards.

Analytic Rubric

An analytic rubric is one in which each criterion receives a separate score. Advantages of an Analytic Rubric: ~provides much better diagnostic information and feedback for students ~more useful when it comes to formative assessments ~are able to see their strength's and weaknesses

Lau vs. Nicholas (1974)

Chinese American students from San Fransico California thought that the teacher were not accommodating them so they sued the school district. This ultimately reached the supreme court where they ultimately ruled in favor of the students.

Rubrics

Generally rubrics are the most common and most effective way to score performance assessments. A rubric is a type of scoring scale that will include different levels of competency. This scale is used with the criteria to establish a two-dimensional table with the criteria on one side and the scale on the other side of the table. With this table there are descriptions which help the teacher differentiate between different scale points for each criterion. Generally a rubric will use descriptions of different levels of quality on each of the criteria.

WIDA

Is an organization set up to help ELL students develop language skills so they can succeed in the academic classroom.

Is a portfolio an assessment?

No. It is important to remember that portfolios can not be used as a true "assessment."

Celebration

These portfolios often times show off the student's best pieces of work.

Competence

These portfolios show levels of achievement reached in relation to learning targets

Documentation

These portfolios show student work that illustrates achievement which is commonly aligned with the educational standards.

Growth

These portfolios show the improvement of student

All Handicapped Children Act, Public Law 94-142: 1975

This act was passed to provide free appropriate public education (FAPE) for school aged individuals with special needs in the least restrictive environment.

How to be consistent while scoring?

To be constant with the scoring you as the teacher can always rescore some of the items.

extended-type tasks

are more more complex, elaborate and time consuming -extended type tasks often include collaborative work with small groups of students

performance criteria

are what you are looking for in the student responses to evaluate their progress toward meeting the learning targets

authentic assessment

assessment that mirror tasks carried out in actual, natural occurring settings (Real life)

How to make sure you have good criteria

criteria works best when with first identifying the most important parts of the performance (activity) and the product (what the student will create) best to work backwards from examples of student works

Individualized education program (IEP)

individualized education program-is a written plan that serves as a legal document. It is developed by a team of individuals the specifies the present level of student's knowledge and skills, annual goals, short term learning objectives

generosity error

occurs when the teacher tends to give higher scores

Halo effect

occurs when the teachers general impressions of the student affect some of the scores given on individual traits or performance

severity error

results when teacher use low end of scale and underrates the higher end of the scale

restricted-type tasks

target a narrowly defined skill and require relatively brief responses -require relatively little time for administrating and scoring -providing greater reliability and sampling - generally similar to essay questions

Public Law 99-457 extended the provisions in P.L. 94-142 to preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years :

the effect of this law has been to encourage states to provide services for individuals from birth throughout kindergarten, with required services from 3 to 5 years old.

Performance Based Assessment

type of assessment in which students perform an activity or create a project

Numerical Scale:

uses a group of numbers on a continuum to indicate different levels of proficiency in terms of frequency or quality. The number of points is determined on the basis of the decision that will be made. The more points you have on the scale the more likely you will have greater discrimination. The more points will also benefit you because it will provide you with more diagnostic information and it will allow you to have more specific feedback for students.

-Disadvantages

~Scoring of portfolios can be a major drawback. -scoring is time consuming -reliability of scoring portfolios has shown to that it is also a drawback ~portfolio assessment takes considerable time and resources -many hours are needed to design the portfolios and scoring criteria -hours include reviewing, conferencing, meeting with parents -time maybe needed to obtain the training to feel confident and to implement the portfolios properly - As a teacher it is important to remember an effective portfolio is very demanding; it requires time, expertise, and commitment. ~is the potential for limited generalizability -With portfolios you tend to generalize from the examples and demonstrated performance according to the criteria to broader learning targets. ~Parents may find portfolios are difficult to understand.

What are the advantages

~The students are actively involved in self-evaluation and self-reflection. ~Through portfolios collaborative assessment is established. ~Through portfolios motivation is enhanced. -Students can see the link between their efforts and accomplishments. -Students can also become more engaged in learning because both instruction and assessment shift from being completely externally controlled by the teacher to a mix of external and internal control. ~ The most important aspect of a portfolio is that they contain several examples of student products.

What are the responsibilities of the classroom teacher?

~classroom teacher needs to address and document how to enable student with special needs to participate progress in a general education setting. ~classroom teacher is responsible for the teacher is setting short-term and long-term goals for the student ~Need to make sure that student will participate in regular classroom activities to the maximum extent possible.

What are the characteristics of an effective portfolio?

~clearly defined purpose aligned with learning targets, standards and 21st century skills ~systematically organized collection of student work products ~pre-established guidelines used to establish contents ~some student selection of contents ~student self-reflection ~clear and appropriate criteria for evaluating student products ~conferences held between students and teachers