Learning Curve 10
As president, John Quincy Adams's policies appeared to support the interests of what group?
The business elite
Most Americans blamed which party for the depression of 1837-1843?
The democratic party
Why did the Freemasons fall into disrepute in 1826?
The kidnapping and murder of a disloyal member had raised suspicions.
What was a major contributing factor to the democratization of politics in the 1820s and 1830s?
The popular election of most offices
What prompted the emergence of a second national party in the mid-1830s?
The rise of Democracy and Jackson's tumultuous presidency
Why did northern Jacksonians like Martin Van Buren support the Tariff of 1828?
They added tariffs on raw materials like wool to win electoral support.
Why did some eastern supporters of Native Americans favor resettlement of Indians west of the Mississippi River?
They believed resettlement would actually protect Indians.
What statement reflects a way the Whigs differed from the Democrats in the 1840s?
They believed that the wealthy should govern.
Why did the Whigs run four presidential candidates in the election of 1836?
They hoped the election would end up in the House of Representatives.
Why did the Whig Party choose its name?
They wanted to identify themselves with the pre-Revolutionary parties that opposed royal power.
On what grounds did the Cherokee challenge the Indian Removal Act before the Supreme Court in the case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia in 1831?
They were a "foreign nation."
Whig presidential candidate William Henry Harrison ran in 1840 in part on his war record and his victory in what battle?
Tippecanoe
Why did President Andrew Jackson insist on getting Congress to pass the Force Bill to threaten South Carolina even while he was willing to reduce the tariff that southerners objected to?
To assert federal authority and preserve the Union
What was the fundamental purpose behind South Carolina's nullification of the federal tariff of 1828?
To check federal power before it could be used to abolish slavery
What was one consequence of the Taney Court's decision in the case of Mayor of New York v. Miln (1837)?
To enhance the regulatory role of state governments
Why did John Quincy Adams favor the American System?
To help northern businessmen and commercial farmers
What was one factor that persuaded Maryland and other Atlantic seaboard states to expand the franchise in the 1810s and 1820s?
To prevent population loss
What was the most important role of the Second Bank of the United States?
To stabilize the nation's money supply
The Second Bank of the United States stabilized the nation's money by demanding that state banks redeem their own notes in what way?
Using hard money, or specie
President Andrew Jackson was the first man in the White House who
came from a trans-Appalachian state.
In the presidential election of 1824, William Crawford was nominated by an informal meeting of congressional leaders called the
caucus.
Martin Van Buren awarded state jobs to his supporters in a process known as
patronage.
Henry Clay advocated a program of government support to spur economic development through banks and internal improvements called
the American System.
Jackson's practice of appointing loyal members of his party to public offices became known as
the spoils system.
Why had most local unions and all the national labor organizations disappeared by 1843?
A depression and surplus of unemployed workers spelled ruin for unions.
As president, John Quincy Adams's support of Henry Clay's American System meant backing which action?
A national bank to stabilize currency and promote economic growth
Which of these was a term Andrew Jackson's supporters used to describe him?
A self-made man
Why did Thomas Jefferson condemn John Quincy Adams from his deathbed for promoting "a government of aristocracy"?
Adams supported high protective tariffs for northeastern manufacturers.
Based on the map, which presidential candidate had constituencies in every part of the nation?
Andrew Jackson
In what respect were the Whigs of the 1830s similar to the Federalists at the beginning of the nineteenth century?
Both sought leaders with wealth and ability.
How did Martin Van Buren make party politicians acceptable as government leaders?
By rejecting traditional republicanism
Why was the presidential election of 1824 the last stand of the notables?
Elections after 1824 would be dominated by modern parties with broad social bases.
Ethnocultural politics refers to the practice of voting along what lines?
Ethnic
Who opposed the Indian Removal Act in Congress in 1830?
Evangelical Protestants
How did President John Quincy Adams react when Congress rejected his activist economic policies of high tariffs and subsidies for roads and canals?
He accused Congress of following public opinion.
Why did President Jackson veto the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States?
He believed the bank to be unconstitutional.
In 1834, Philip Hone wrote in his diary that New Yorkers celebrated the victory of Jacksonian Democrats with shouts of "Down with the aristocracy!" He continued: "They have succeeded in raising this dangerous spirit . . ., and have gladly availed themselves of its support to accomplish a temporary object; but can they allay it at pleasure?" What was Hone concerned about?
He feared that Jacksonian Democrats had invited mob rule and chaos to the nation.
How did Martin Van Buren defend the existence and use of political parties?
He said they were the best means of curbing government power
James Hamilton remembered an incident during his travels with Andrew Jackson as Jackson conducted his second presidential bid in which, after a steamboat passed in front of the boat Jackson was on several times, Jackson "ordered a rifle to be brought to him; hailed the pilot of the other steamer, and swore that if he did the same thing again he would shoot him." What did Hamilton's account reveal about Jackson?
He was not to be trifled with.
Why did John Tyler not support the agenda of the Whig Party when he became president?
He was opposed to the American System.
How did the Panic of 1837 affect the labor movement?
It eviscerated the labor movement.
On December 26, 1833, Henry Clay of Kentucky addressed the Senate censuring President Andrew Jackson's conduct. Clay complained that "The powers of Congress are paralyzed, except when exerted in conformity with his will, by frequent and an extraordinary exercise of the executive veto, not anticipated by the founders of our Constitution, and not practiced by any of the predecessors of the present chief magistrate. . . ." What had Jackson done that angered Henry Clay so much?
Jackson had used his veto power to block Congress.
Why did the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States become an issue?
Jackson's opponents wanted to use the issue to hurt the Democrats.
Who anonymously wrote, "Constitutional government and the government of a majority are utterly incompatible"?
John C. Calhoun
When William Henry Harrison, the new Whig president, died a month after taking office, who became president and subverted the Whig agenda almost immediately?
John Tyler
To formulate policy, Andrew Jackson relied on a close set of friends as his advisors called the
Kitchen Cabinet.
Which statement reflects part of Andrew Jackson's legacy?
Making the political system more democratic
Who was the chief architect of the system of party organization that emerged in the 1820s?
Martin Van Buren
What generalization can be made about the removal of Native Americans based on this map?
Native Americans had lost almost all of their lands in the eastern states before 1820.
Why did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution end up determining the election of 1824?
No one candidate received an absolute majority of electoral votes.
Which statement describes the American economy in 1843?
Overall prices declined by 50 percent.
Why did expansion of the franchise advance the development of political parties?
Politicians had to organize their appeal to newly enfranchised voters
What did the Freemasons stand for in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?
Republicanism
What principle did Andrew Jackson insist he was following when he replaced government bureaucrats with ordinary men who supported him politically?
Rotation of office
Which Indian man perfected a Cherokee system of writing?
Sequoyah
What group constituted most of the membership of the Whig Party in the South?
Small, independent farmers
Which group supported Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828?
Southern farmers
Many Americans blamed the depression of the late 1830s on which of President Andrew Jackson's policies that required western settlers to pay for land purchases in gold or silver coins?
Specie Circular
Most Americans blamed which party for the depression of 1837-1843?
The Democratic Party
Congress gave Andrew Jackson the right to use the army and navy to ensure that federal laws were enforced with what action?
The Force Bill
Based on the map, which tribe had to travel the longest distance?
The Iroquois
The May 1838 forced expulsion of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to the new Indian Territory is remembered by what name?
The Trail of Tears
Which political party reflected the ideology of "artisan republicanism"?
The Working Men's Party