Learning curve ch 6 Middle childhood

Eight-year-old Jewel will _____ if she successfully resolves the Eriksonian psychosocial task of middle childhood.

work for what she wants

A security guard is shot during an attempted robbery of a jewelry store. The guard's shooting exemplifies the thieves' _____ aggression.

proactive

Jordan pushed Henry in order to make Henry hand over his lunch money. Jordan is demonstrating _____ aggression.

proactive

Ten-year-old Andre offers to help his 80-year-old neighbor by shoveling snow off of her sidewalk. Andre is demonstrating

prosocial behavior.

Research suggests that friendships serve to _____ the developing self.

protect and enhance

Rafay has sympathy for his friend Tom who recently went through a divorce. This means that Rafay feels _____.

terrible for Tom, without necessarily feeling his intense distress

When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend, Samantha answers, "Because she makes me laugh and is nice to me." These girls are MOST likely _____ children because they describe their friendship in terms of _____

elementary school-age; internal qualities

Armando is in middle childhood. That means he is between the ages of _____

7-12

Penny is an obese 10-year-old. Her weight is at or above the ______ percentile, based on national norms

95th

Which girl is the MOST likely to frequently engage in physically aggressive behavior?

Ming, who is 2½ years old

Which child displays externalizing tendencies?

Ginny, who is impulsive

Which boy is the LEAST likely to engage in frequent physically aggressive behavior?

Marco, who is 7½ years old

Personality theorist Harry Stack Sullivan believed that children's friendships fulfill the developmental needs of self-validation and intimacy. Which child is Sullivan MOST likely describing?

Reece, age 10

Dr. Nicholl believes that much of cognitive development may be explained by children's increasing memory capacity, and increasing ability to concentrate, plan ahead, and control their thoughts, feelings, and actions. Dr. Nicholl uses ______ to explain cognitive development.

an information-processing perspective

Rachael is concerned about her popularity in school. Rachael is likely in Piaget's _____ stage of development

concrete operational

Pia is 8 years old. According to Piaget, Pia is MOST likely in the ______ stage of cognitive development.

concrete operations

Yolanda's boss scolds her for being one minute late to work. Yolanda is very angry, but she needs the job and controls her anger and tells her boss she will do better. Yolanda is demonstrating:

emotion regulation

Jamal is watching his best friend being bullied by some older children. Jamal is frozen with fear and unable to run and get an adult or to step in to help his friend. Jamal is MOST likely experiencing _____.

empathy

Chelsea is 18 years old and has just acquired her driver's license. Despite her mother's warnings, she still acts impulsively when she drives. For example, she always speeds up to "beat" yellow lights, and she changes lanes without looking. Chelsea's impulsivity may be caused by the slow development of her _____ lobes.

frontal

Eight-year-old Ahmed doesn't care about sports at all and reports that he is not a very good athlete. The fact that he is not a good athlete will _____ his self-esteem

have little impact on

Rexford feels that everyone is out to get him. Rexford has a _____.

hostile attributional bias

Astrid is excessively timid, self-conscious, and depressed. Astrid has _____ tendencies

internalizing

Jaden, a 9-year-old child, is extremely fearful of high places, thinking that he may fall at any moment. He also sees himself as a failure at everything he does, even when his performance is reasonably good. Jaden has _____.

internalizing tendencies

Markus believes that he should only help others who are his friends. He justifies this attitude by thinking that they do not deserve his help. Markus' behavior and attitude illustrate

moral disengagement.

Eli is 22 years old and has just graduated from college. Nonetheless, some parts of his body have yet to develop fully. One of them is the fatty covering surrounding the axons of neurons known as the _____.

myelin sheath

Chinyelu is 9 years old. He is extremely athletic and can run and jump almost as well as his older siblings. However, he has great difficulty in controlling his impulses. This is because _____ has just begun in the frontal lobes, unlike the visual and motor cortices in which the process began much earlier

pruning

After Jermaine accidently bumps into a fellow commuter while exiting a subway train, the commuter elbows him forcefully in the ribs on the escalator to the street. Jermaine is the victim of _____ aggression

reactive

Matthew kicked Xavier when Xavier threatened to take Matthew's snack. Matthew is showing _____ aggression

reactive

An employee attempts to isolate a rival through a campaign of misinformation. This example illustrates _____ aggression

relational

Tomas is angry at Carlos for taking his spot as a starter on third base. Tomas tells the rest of the team that Carlos steals bikes in the neighborhood (not true). Tomas is demonstrating _____ aggression

relational

Beverly is a school psychologist studying social interactions in the later elementary school years in the United States. In her field work, she notices that some types of children seem to be unpopular and rejected more often. Which group is apt to be rarely rejected?

relationally aggressive children who vigorously compete for status and then reach out to enlist the group in a caring way

Casey has been bullied in every class since the first grade. It is likely that he is targeted because he is:

socially anxious

Nine-year-old Jacob is given a list of four chores to do by his father. Jacob repeats these items to himself as he starts to do the chores. Jacob is using his _____ to store the list of chores in his memory

working memory

Which child is the LEAST likely to be rejected in elementary school?

1. Charles, who is highly aggressive to all of his peers 2. Rashid, who is shy and socially awkward 3. Sung Kim, who lives in poverty and goes to a school where most of his classmates come from middle-class backgrounds 4. Raul, who is kind and friendly 4. Raul, who is kind and friendly

Cindy is in fourth grade. Being ______ is probably NOT a key element of her self-esteem. 1. creative 2. smart 3. pretty 4. popular

1. creative

Ten-year-old Bella has a best friend named Sophia. Which would be Bella's MOST likely description of why Sophia is her best friend? 1. "We like to do stuff together, like go shopping." 2. "We like to dress the same." 3. "I can tell her anything, and I know she will stand up for me." 4. "We have fun playing together."

3. "I can tell her anything, and I know she will stand up for me."

Which psychological scientist is LEAST likely to be a participant in a symposium on executive function? 1. Dr. Petersen, who studies the inhibition of impulses 2. Dr. Oh, who studies rehearsal strategies 3. Dr. Martinez, who studies selective attention 4. Dr. Li, who studies memory span

4. Dr. Li, who studies memory span

The Franklins are taking their child to see a psychiatrist who helps children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which intervention will the psychiatrist NOT suggest? 1. exposing the child to white noise while studying 2. using psycho-stimulant medications 3. modifying the child's environment 4. exposing the child to difficult processing tasks

4. exposing the child to difficult processing tasks

Which child is the MOST likely to be rejected in elementary school? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. 1. Clarissa, who is kind and caring to the children in her class 2. Chan, who is friendly and outgoing 3. Shantae, who likes to participate in the same activities as other girls in class 4. Rafael, who acts much more feminine than his male peers

Rafael, who acts much more feminine than his male peers

Charlie has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when his teacher notices he is beginning to become disruptive in class she knows it is time for Charlie to have _____ to help him refocus later

a recess break

In mathematics education, the abstract concept of the variable, usually represented as "x" or "y," is often introduced when children are about 12 years old, marking the transition from the _____ stage to the _____ stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development

concrete operational; formal operational

A parent who asks a child, "How would you feel if someone did that to you?" does so in order to _____.

encourage sympathy

Eight-year-old Tamika wanted to play with her little sister's new doll. Her first thought was to take it from her, but then she thought about the fact that her sister would cry and she would get into trouble. Instead Tamika asked her sister to play together. Tamika's thought process is an example of the _____ of the frontal lobe.

executive functions

Following a stroke, Violet has difficulty ordering problem-solving steps in a logical sequence. Additionally, she is much more impulsive than she had been before the stroke. Violet's _____ appear(s) impaired.

executive functions

Fourteen-year-old Karthi is a bully and a bully-victim. He MOST likely exhibits _____.

externalizing behaviors

Jay'me is caught in a traffic jam, due to highway construction, which will make him late for work. Jay'me becomes extremely angry and when the cars start moving again, he rolls down his window and yells at the workers and throws his coffee at them. Jay'me's angry response can be explained by the

frustration-aggression hypothesis

Harry has externalizing problems and often interrupts other children when they are playing. According to the text, the BEST approach for correcting Harry's behavior is to _____.

gently explain to him that other kids don't like it when he barges in on their games

Nine-year-old Mei-hui believes she is no scholar, but she is a star athlete, the life domain she really cares about. Mei-hui MOST likely has _____

high self-esteem

Six-year-old Juan takes his little brother's favorite toy and hides it which makes him cry. Juan's mother says, "Think how you would feel if your older brother did that to you." Juan's mother is using a type of intervention called:

induction.

Ten-year-old Ramon will feel _____ if he fails to resolve the Eriksonian psychosocial task of middle childhood.

inferior

A cognitive developmentalist asserts that thinking is best thought of as a set of skills that may be divided into components. The developmentalist appears to endorse a(n) ______ approach to thinking

information processing

Janice is being bullied. This means that she _____.

is verbally and/or physically abused by her peers

Damian believes that no matter how hard he tries he will not do well in reading and math in school. So, Damian just gives up and has come to believe he will never succeed in school. Damian is demonstrating:

learned helplessness

Silvio is 11. His body mass index (BMI) is at the 96th percentile. Silvio would be considered _____

obese

Rory is talking to his mom on the phone. Rory's mom lists some items she'd like Rory to pick up at the grocery store. Rory tries repeating the items to himself but forgets some of them as he listens to a story his mom starts telling about the neighbor's children. Rory's strategy of _____ failed because his working memory capacity was insufficient for both the grocery items and his mom's story.

rehearsal

Thoma tends to discount his academic failures and blame others for his problems. Thoma's teachers should _____

reinforce his successes and gently provide accurate feedback about his failures

Nine-year-old Ellis is supposed to be reading a passage in his science textbook. However, he is distracted by the illustrations accompanying a subsequent portion of the text. Ellis's experience is BEST seen as a failure of _____

selective attention

Persis can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference and is able to reflect on her feelings. Persis has _____.

self-awareness

Faila believes that if she works hard, she can do almost anything. Faila has high _____.

self-efficacy

Miguel believes that if he works hard enough that his ability to play shortstop will improve and he will start for his Little League team. Miguel is demonstrating high:

self-efficacy

Teresa was humiliated when her teacher yelled at her in front of the class. Jason felt terrible about insulting his younger brother and apologized. Teresa experienced _____, while Jason felt _____.

shame; guilt