LECOM Bradenton Anatomy Perineum
where is the perineal membranes free margin
at the line that separates the urogenital and anal triangle which is between the ischial tuberosities
Why does blood not travel all the way to the posterior body wall during urinary extravasation
because colles fascia tightly adheres to the perineal body which stops its movement
Where would one see the perineal body
between the external genitalia and the anus
What does the sympathetic nervous system cause with regards to ejaculation
they cause peristalsis to move semen into ejaculatory ducts and they close the internal urethral sphincter to prevent seminal backflow into bladder
What are the margins of the urogenital triangle
Ischial tuberosities marks posteroinferior border and each is a point of the triangle they converge at the pubic symphysis
When would a doctor utilize a pudendal nerve block
During childbirth to relieve perineal pain
What are the two corpora cavernosa wrapped in, is the corpus spongiosum also wrapped in this
Tunica albuginea spongiosum also is wrapped in this but it is much thinner
What is Scarpa's fascia continuous with?
colles fascia and dartos fascia
What is the perineal body
convergence of muscle fibers that helps support pelvic viscera
What glands lie within the deep perineal pouch
cowpers glands
What are the erectile masses of the penis
2 corpora cavernosa and 1 corpus spongiosum
What two structures should lie in the same plane in anatomical position
ASIS and pubic tubercle
What is the urogenital hiatus
a gap in levator ani that allows passage for the urethra and the vagina in females
What is a common malady of the ischioanal fossae
an abcess that can lead to a fistula via inflammation
where is the superficial perineal pouch
between the perineal membrane and colles fascia
How does the internal pudendal artery descend to the perineum
branches of internal iliac exits through greater sciatic foramen wraps around ischial spine enters lesser sciatic foramen enters alcocks canal branches into other arteries in anal triangle and moves to urogenital triangle
What structures exist in the superficial perineal space
erectile tissues that form the penis and clitoris
What is scarpas fascia tightly adherent to
fascia lata
How does a doctor find the pudendal nerve for the nerve block
he inserts his fingers into the vagina and palpates for the ischial spine which is where the pudendal nerve is wrapping around
What is bartholinitis
infection of the Bartholin glands
Where do superficial pelvic structures drain lymph
into superficial nodes
What marks the boundaries of the anal triangle
ischial tuberosities mark the anterior border and corners coccyx is the apex of the triangle
What does NO do to helicine arteries
it causes them to dilate and fill the corpora cavernosa with blood
How does the pudendal nerve descend into perineum
it follows the route of the internal pudendal artery
What kind of nerve is the pudendal nerve
it is a somatic nerve
What is the erectile reflex
sensation from the penis are carried in the dorsal nerve of the penis which branches from the pudendal parasympathetics travel to cavernous nerves which stimulate erection via AcH and NO release
is the superficial perineal space large
no it is a potential space
What autonomics does the pudendal nerve contain
none
what muscles are in the free penis
none
What is bicycle seat neuropathy
numbness and impotence as a result of compression of the pudendal nerve at alcocks canal
Where are Bartholin glands
on the ends of the bulb of vestibule
Where does scrotal cancer cells first metastasize to
superficial inguinal nodes
What are the symptoms of bartholinitis
swelling, redness and pain of vagina
What is the free part of the penis called
the body
What does the bulbospongiosus muscle cover in the male
the bulb of the penis
What do the ischiocavernosus muscles cover in the male
the crura of the corpora cavernosa
What is the name of the space within the perineal membrane
the deep perineal pouch
What sphincter is in the deep perineal pouch
the external urethral sphincter
What is the clitoris the homologue to
the glans penis
What nerve is the most important with regards to scrotum innervation
the ilioinguinal nerve
What lies directly beneath the skin in the anal triangle
the levator ani muscle
What structure spans the urogenital triangle
the perineal membrane
What nerves innervate the bulbospongiosus and the ischiocavernous muscles
the perineal nerve which branches from the pudendal nerve
Where does the root of the penis attach
the pubic arch of the perineal membrane
What structure marks the outer boundary of the anal triangle
the sacrotuberous ligament
What is the labia majora the homologue to
the scrotum
Where does the perineal membrane attach
to the ischial tuberosities
What muscles are around the external urethral sphincter
transverse perineal muscles
What are ischioanal fossae
two openings that are caused by the free margin of the perineal membrane and the curved nature of the levator ani muscle
What is an episiotomy
when the doctor surgically places a small incision between the vagina and anus to mitigate any tearing during delivery
What is peyronies disease
when the tunica albuginea bends
What can happen if you damage the pudendal nerve with regards to the penis
you will have penile insensitivity but can still get erections from psychogenic pathway
