Lecture 5 - AI and Machine Learning
Expert Systems
Computer programs that are designed to replicate and improve on performance of humans in specialized domains (like medical diagnosis and financial services)
Decision Trees
Diagrams where answers to yes or no questions + translations of explicit rules lead decision makers to address additional questions until they reach the end of the tree.
ID3
Machine Learning algorithms like _____ are highly dependent upon how their databases are labeled and categorized
information gain
The splitting mechanism used in ID3 (a popular decision-tree algorithm); a measure of the predictive power of one or more attributes
early 21st century; has been the key to success of multi-billion dollar corporations such as Google, FB, Amazon
When did research in AI and Machine learning boom?
Cognitive Replication
a goal; understand how the mind works and replicate it in machine or organic form
Applied AI
branch of AI that brings it out of the lab and into the real world, enabling computers and computer-controlled robots to execute real tasks; smart machines - think about ancient Chinese board game Go
Neural networks
networks of algorithms that are similar to the neural networks present in the human brain
artificial intelligence (AI)
tries to design computer models that accomplish same cognitive tasks that humans do
machine learning
A subset of AI- allows computers to "learn" by creating new algorithms to produce a desired output based on structured data that is provided
No CAPTCHA ReCAPTCHA
Another tool for Google; Third iteration of CAPTCHA; When you click "I'm not a robot", it sends over an http request to Google with info like ur IP address, your country, a timestamp; might also prompt you to do an image recognition task
Strong AI
Artificial intelligence with a generalized learning ability, on par with human intelligence.
MYCIN
Expert system; developed in the 1970s to diagnose infectious diseases; used about 600 heuristic rules about infectious diseases derived from clinical experts and textbooks
CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart)
Google's tool for detecting bots on the internet; based on the fact that it is very difficult for a machine to work with raw uninterpreted data, like an image; point was to stop spam on the internet but... - humans were only getting ----------s right 33% of the time, while advanced computer technology was getting it right at 99.8% of the time
ID3
Highly influential machine learning tool that can be used to construct a decision tree; uses statistical measure of informativeness of each attribute, called information gain
ReCAPTCHA
New version of CAPTCHA; Google's tool that would show words from books that computers didn't understand
Computer Based Personality Judgments
Topic; merges from Machine learning based judgments of people's personality using Facebook Likes
Deep Learning
a subset of machine learning involving numerous layers of algorithms; computer does NOT need to be provided with structured data