Lecture 5 - AI and Machine Learning

Expert Systems

Computer programs that are designed to replicate and improve on performance of humans in specialized domains (like medical diagnosis and financial services)

Decision Trees

Diagrams where answers to yes or no questions + translations of explicit rules lead decision makers to address additional questions until they reach the end of the tree.

ID3

Machine Learning algorithms like _____ are highly dependent upon how their databases are labeled and categorized

information gain

The splitting mechanism used in ID3 (a popular decision-tree algorithm); a measure of the predictive power of one or more attributes

early 21st century; has been the key to success of multi-billion dollar corporations such as Google, FB, Amazon

When did research in AI and Machine learning boom?

Cognitive Replication

a goal; understand how the mind works and replicate it in machine or organic form

Applied AI

branch of AI that brings it out of the lab and into the real world, enabling computers and computer-controlled robots to execute real tasks; smart machines - think about ancient Chinese board game Go

Neural networks

networks of algorithms that are similar to the neural networks present in the human brain

artificial intelligence (AI)

tries to design computer models that accomplish same cognitive tasks that humans do

machine learning

A subset of AI- allows computers to "learn" by creating new algorithms to produce a desired output based on structured data that is provided

No CAPTCHA ReCAPTCHA

Another tool for Google; Third iteration of CAPTCHA; When you click "I'm not a robot", it sends over an http request to Google with info like ur IP address, your country, a timestamp; might also prompt you to do an image recognition task

Strong AI

Artificial intelligence with a generalized learning ability, on par with human intelligence.

MYCIN

Expert system; developed in the 1970s to diagnose infectious diseases; used about 600 heuristic rules about infectious diseases derived from clinical experts and textbooks

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart)

Google's tool for detecting bots on the internet; based on the fact that it is very difficult for a machine to work with raw uninterpreted data, like an image; point was to stop spam on the internet but... - humans were only getting ----------s right 33% of the time, while advanced computer technology was getting it right at 99.8% of the time

ID3

Highly influential machine learning tool that can be used to construct a decision tree; uses statistical measure of informativeness of each attribute, called information gain

ReCAPTCHA

New version of CAPTCHA; Google's tool that would show words from books that computers didn't understand

Computer Based Personality Judgments

Topic; merges from Machine learning based judgments of people's personality using Facebook Likes

Deep Learning

a subset of machine learning involving numerous layers of algorithms; computer does NOT need to be provided with structured data