Lesson 10: The Inner Ear and Auditory Pathways

6. The advantages of binaural hearing are: Select one: A. localization ability B. the ability to focus on one signal over another C. improved hearing in background noise D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Fluid found in scala media

Endolymph

Function of the cochlea

Hearing

Head shadow effect

Loss of sound intensity on the side opposite the sound source

7. There are three chambers within the inner ear that are called: Select one: A. scala vestibuli; scala media; scala tympani B. bony cochlea; the coil; the membranous labyrinth C. the outer ear; middle ear; inner ear D. the organ of Corti; retrocochlear; binaural

A. scala vestibuli; scala media; scala tympani

Function of inner and outer hair cells

Change energy from the pressure wave into the electrochemical energy necessary to excite the auditory nerve.

Two parts of the inner ear

1. Cochlea 2. Semi-circular canals

Three advantages of binaural hearing

1. Localization 2. Hearing better in background noise 3. Ability to focus on one signal over another

Two openings that enable transfer of energy between the middle and inner ear

1. Oval window 2. Round window

Three fluid-filled chambers of the cochlea

1. Scala vestibuli 2. Scala tympani 3. Scala media

.Two membranes dividing cochlea

1.Basilar membrane 2. Reissner's membrane

5. The frequency range of human hearing is: Select one: A. 0 to 110 dB B. 20 to 20,000 dB C. 20 to 20,000 Hz D. determined by the Place Theory of Hearing

C. 20 to 20,000 Hz

8. The __________ membrane and __________ membrane separate the cochlea into three chambers. Select one: A. perilymph; endolymph B. tectorial; Reissner's C. basilar; Reissner's D. cochlear; vestibular

C. basilar; Reissner's

10. The hair cells activate the auditory nerve through __________ energy. Select one: A. mechanical B. hydraulic C. electrochemical D. impulse

C. electrochemical

12. The fluid that circulates throughout the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani is __________ and the fluid that circulates throughout the scala media is __________ . Select one: A. blood; lymph B. lymph; mucus C. perilymph; endolymph D. endolymph; perilymph

C. perilymph; endolymph

Function of the inner ear

Converts mechanical energy into neural signals trasmitted to and processed by the brain

11. The Place Theory of Hearing is simply explained as __________ . Select one: A. sound is processed by the brain B. binaural summation C. binaural fusion D. the basal turn of the cochlea responds to high frequencies and the apical turn of the cochlea responds to low frequencies

D. the basal turn of the cochlea responds to high frequencies and the apical turn of the cochlea responds to low frequencies

Binaural hearing

Hearing with both ears simultaneously

Binaural summation

Increase in the loudness of a sound when both ears hear together

Portion of cochlea that responds to low frequencies

Apical turn

Frequency range of normal human hearing

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

9. The organ of Corti is: Select one: A. the sensory receptor for hearing B. the sensory receptor for balance C. a gelatinous structure D. has only supporting cells

: A. the sensory receptor for hearing

15. The singular perception of two different signals presented to each ear simultaneously is: Select one: A. binaural summation B. binaural fusion C. sound localization D. head shadow effect

: B. binaural fusion

3. The cochlea is located with the __________ portion of the __________ bone. It coils in about __________ turns. Uncoiled it measures about __________ inch. Select one: A. osseous; frontal; 2; 1.5 B. petrous; temporal; 2½; 1 C. inner; temporal; 3; 2 D. petrous; occipital; 4; 1

: B. petrous; temporal; 2½; 1

4. The __________ turn of the cochlea is located nearest the oval window. The __________ turn is at the other end of the coil. Select one: A. apical; basal B. membranous; bony C. balance; hearing D. basal; apical

: D. basal; apical

Sound localization

Brain processes differences in loudness and time of arrival of a sound at each of the two ears to determine where a sound is coming from.

1. The process of hearing actually takes place in the brain. Select one: A. True B. False

A. True

13. The oval window and the round window work together as an energy relief mechanism to accommodate the traveling wave throughout the cochlea during acoustic stimulation. Select one: A. True B. False

A. True

14. The head shadow effect represents a reduction in intensity for speech of 6 dB and for the high frequencies of about 15 dB. Select one: A. True B. False

A. True

2. The structures of the inner ear are responsible for both hearing and balance. Select one: A. True B. False

A. True

16. The increase in loudness when both ears hear together is: Select one: A. binaural summation B. binaural fusion C. sound localization D. head shadow effect

A. binaural summation

The end of the cochlea where the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani meet

Apical turn

Function of the semi-circular canals

Balance

Benefit of better listening in background noise resulting from binaural hearing

Binaural squelch effect

Fluid found in scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Perilymph

Round window

Relieves fluid pressure created by movement of the oval window

Organ of Corti

Sensory receptor or end-organ of hearing in the cochlea

Binaural fusion

Singular perception of two different signals presented to each ear simultaneously

Cochlea

The organ of the inner ear associated with hearing

Basal turn

bottom turn of the cochlea (one complete turn)