Lesson 11 Ch. 20
All of the following are correct statements about skin cancers EXCEPT: a. They are difficult to diagnose and treat. b. They usually develop slowly on the head, neck, or back of individuals with fair skin. c. The number of skin cancer cases is increasing. d. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer.
A. They are difficult to diagnose and treat.
Select the correct pair representing a malignant tumor and its marker: a. colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) b. hepatic cancer: CA125, AFP c. prostate cancer: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) d. testicular cancer: Philadelphia chromosome
A. colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
What type of normal cells are often damaged during chemotherapy and radiation treatments? a. epithelial cells b. skeletal muscle cells c. nerve tissue d. collagen and fibrous tissue
A. epithelial cells
The term apoptosis refers to: a. programmed cell death b. abnormal or immature cells c. degree of differentiation of cells d. the development of new capillaries in a tumor
A. programmed cell death
Which of the following does paraneoplastic syndrome refer to? a. the effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells b. severe weight loss and cachexia associated with advanced cancer c. the decreased resistance to infection resulting from malignant tumors d. the effects of multiple metastatic tumors
A. the effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells
The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are: a. thrombocytopenia and leucopenia b. headache and lethargy c. nausea and constipation d. alopecia and weight loss
A. thrombocytopenia and leucopenia
The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include: 1. obstruction of a tube or duct 2. anemia and weight loss 3. cell necrosis and ulceration 4. tumor markers in the circulation a. 1, 2 b. 1, 3 c. 2, 4 d. 3, 4
B. 1, 3
What is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called? a. Adenoma b. Lipoma c. Fibrosarcoma d. Adenocarcinoma
B. Lipoma
What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called? a. Carcinomas b. Sarcomas c. Melanomas d. Fibromas
B. Sarcomas
Why does ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis? a. The ovaries are inaccessible for examination. b. Specific signs rarely appear until after secondary tumors have developed. c. The same tumor markers are present with many types of cancer. d. No effective treatment is available.
B. Specific signs rarely appear until after secondary tumors have developed
Identify the common dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy: a. alopecia b. bone marrow depression c. nausea and vomiting d. weight loss
B. bone marrow depression
What would be an external source of ionizing radiation? a. a needle containing a radioisotope implanted beside the tumor b. gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine c. a dose of a radioactive drug to be ingested d. a fluid containing radioactive material instilled in a body cavity
B. gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine
Remission for cancer is generally defined as a period in which: a. chemotherapy cannot be used b. signs and symptoms are absent c. complications are evident d. metastases occur
B. signs and symptoms are absent
Benign tumors in the brain are often life-threatening because they: a. metastasize early in their development b. they create excessive pressure within the skull c. cannot be removed d. cause serious systemic effects
B. they create excessive pressure within the skull
Which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites? a. Invasiveness b. Seeding c. Metastasis d. Systemic effect
C) metastasis.
The process of carcinogenesis usually begins with: a. exposure to promoters causing dysplasia b. development of defective genes c. an irreversible change in the cell DNA d. a single exposure to a known risk factor causing temporary cell damage
C. an irreversible change in the cell DNA
Benign tumors can often be differentiated from malignant tumors because benign tumors: a. often have systemic effects b. contain cells showing increased mitosis and atypical rapid growth c. are encapsulated and slow-growing d. can metastasize or invade nearby tissue
C. are encapsulated and slow-growing
Which factor provides the basis for grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors? a. size of the tumor b. number of metastases c. degree of differentiation of the cells d. number of lymph nodes involved
C. degree of differentiation of the cells
Which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites? a. invasiveness b. seeding c. metastasis d. systemic effect
C. metastasis
Radiation therapy destroys: a. all cells in the tumor at one time b. the cells in the center of the tumor c. primarily rapidly dividing cells d. radioresistant cells
C. primarily rapidly dividing cells
Antiangiogenesis drugs act on a malignant tumor by: a. promoting the immune response and removal of abnormal tumor cells b. blocking hormonal stimulation of tumor cells c. reducing blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells d. transporting radioisotopes into the tumor
C. reducing blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells
Malignant brain tumors: a. metastasize quickly to all parts of the body b. spread first to lungs and bone c. spread to other parts of CNS d. do not metastasize anywhere at any time
C. spread to other parts of CNS
A classification process that applies to a specific malignant tumor and describes the extent of the disease at a given time is called: a. seeding b. mutation c. staging d. grading
C. staging
A warning sign of possible cancer would be any of the following EXCEPT: a. persistent, unusual bleeding b. a change in bowel habits c. sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea d. a change in shape, color, or surface of a skin lesion
C. sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea
Which of the following is a characteristic of a benign tumor? a. It is unencapsulated and invasive. b. It consists of undifferentiated cells. c. It exerts systemic effects. d. Cells appear relatively normal.
D. Cells appear relatively normal.
Vomiting frequently follows a chemotherapy treatment because: a. the gastrointestinal tract is irritated b. the chemicals stimulate the emetic center c. the drugs have an unpleasant odor d. a, b e. a, c
D. a, b
One reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to: a. identify the original cell from which the tumor developed. b. locate and identify the primary tumor. c. decide the initiating factor for a particular tumor. d. determine the best treatment and prognosis.
D. determine the best treatment and the prognosis
One reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to: a. identify the original cell from which the tumor developed b. locate and identify the primary tumor c. decide the initiating factor for a particular tumor d. determine the best treatment and the prognosis
D. determine the best treatment and the prognosis
Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because: a. glucocorticoids greatly potentiate the effect of chemotherapy b. the immune system is stimulated c. skeletal muscle atrophy will be decreased d. inflammation around the tumor may be reduced
D. inflammation around the tumor may be reduced
The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means: a. the cancer cells are being destroyed quickly b. the patient is likely to hemorrhage c. higher doses of chemotherapy could be tolerated by this patient d. the patient is at high risk for infection
D. the patient is at high risk for infection
High risk factors for cancer include: 1. human papilloma virus 2. chronic irritation and inflammation 3. repeated sun exposure 4. high family incidence a. 2 only b. 1, 3 c. 3, 4 d. 1, 2, 4 e. 1, 2, 3, 4
E. 1, 2, 3, 4
The warning signs for cancer include: a. unusual bleeding b. change in bowel habits c. change in a wart or mole (e.g., color) d. a new solid lump, often painless e. all the above are warning signs.
E. all the above are warning signs.
True or False: During chemotherapy nerve tissue is often damaged.
FALSE
True or False: Malignant neoplasms coming from connective tissue cells are terms fibromas.
FALSE
True or False: Skin cancer is difficult to diagnose and to treat.
FALSE
True or False: A benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue is termed lipoma
TRUE
Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of drugs in order to: 1. reduce the adverse effects 2. guarantee that all cancer cells are destroyed 3. be effective in more phases of the cell cycle 4. totally block the mitotic stage a. 1, 3 b. 1, 4 c. 2, 3 d. 3, 4
a. 1, 3
What type of normal cells are often damaged during chemotherapy and radiation treatments? a. Epithelial cells b. Skeletal muscle cells c. Nerve tissue d. Collagen and fibrous tissue
a. Epithelial cells
Which one of the below options is an external source of ionizing radiation? a. Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine b. A radioactive drug that is ingested by the patient c. A needle containing a radioisotope that is implanted in the patient's body d. A fluid of radioactive material instilled in a body cavity.
a. Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine
Staging systems used to classify a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis are based on which of the following factors? a. Size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, metastases b. Location of tumor, size, type of cellular abnormality c. Size, encapsulated or non-encapsulated, invasion into neighboring tissue d. Type of cellular abnormality, size of secondary tumors, location/tissue affected
a. Size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, metastases
Staging systems used to classify a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis are based on which of the following factors? a. Size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, metastases b. Location of tumor, size, type of cellular abnormality c. Size, encapsulated or non-encapsulated, invasion into neighboring tissue d. Type of cellular abnormality, size of secondary tumors, location/tissue affected
a. Size of the tumor, involvement oflymph nodes, metastases
Which of the following does paraneoplastic syndrome refer to? a. The effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells b. Severe weight loss and cachexia associated with advanced cancer c. The decreased resistance to infection resulting from malignant tumors d. The effects of multiple metastatic tumors
a. The effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells
All of the following are correct statements about skin cancers EXCEPT: Select one: a. They are difficult to diagnose and treat. b. They usually develop slowly on the head, neck, or back of individuals with fair skin. c. The number of skin cancer cases is increasing. d. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer.
a. They are difficult to diagnose and treat.
All of the following are correct statements about skin cancers EXCEPT: a. They are difficult to diagnose and treat. b. They usually develop slowly on the head, neck, or back of individuals with fair skin. c. The number of skin cancer cases is increasing. d. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer.
a. They are difficult to diagnose and treat.
Drugs that augment the natural immune response in the body to improve identification and removal of abnormal cells are referred to as or termed? a. biological response modifiers b. angiogenesis stimulators c. analgesic complements d. targeted receptor modifiers
a. biological response modifiers
The term apoptosis refers to: a. programmed cell death. b. abnormal or immature cells. c. degree of differentiation of cells. d. the development of new capillaries in a tumor.
a. programmed cell death.
The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are: a. thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. b. headache and lethargy. c. nausea and constipation. d. alopecia and weight loss.
a. thrombocytopenia and leucopenia.
The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are: Select one: a. thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. b. headache and lethargy. c. nausea and constipation. d. alopecia and weight loss.
a. thrombocytopenia and leucopenia.
Identify the common dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy: Select one: a. Alopecia b. Bone marrow depression c. Nausea and vomiting d. Weight loss
b. Bone marrow depression
What would be an external source of ionizing radiation? a. A needle containing a radioisotope implanted beside the tumor b. Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine c. A dose of a radioactive drug to be ingested d. A fluid containing radioactive material instilled in a body cavity
b. Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine
What is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called? Select one: a. Adenoma b. Lipoma c. Fibrosarcoma d. Adenocarcinoma
b. Lipoma
What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called? a. Carcinomas b. Sarcomas c. Melanomas d. Fibromas
b. Sarcomas
What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called? Select one: a. Carcinomas b. Sarcomas c. Melanomas d. Fibromas
b. Sarcomas
When discussing a drug treatment protocol, which statement below is true? a. The combination of drugs is typically administered daily until the cancer is gone. b. The combination of drugs will include drugs from different classifications. c. There is one drug protocol or combination that works for all cancer types. d. For breast cancer the ABVD regimen is the most effective.
b. The combination of drugs will include drugs from different classifications.
Benign tumors in the brain are often life-threatening because they: a. metastasize early in their development. b. create excessive pressure within the skull. c. cannot be removed. d. cause serious systemic effects.
b. create excessive pressure within the skull.
Benign tumors in the brain are often life-threatening because they: Select one: a. metastasize early in their development. b. create excessive pressure within the skull. c. cannot be removed. d. cause serious systemic effects.
b. create excessive pressure within the skull.
One of the general effects of a malignant cancer is cachexia, which is: Select one: a. severe bleeding. b. severe tissue wasting. c. severe fatigue. d. multiple opportunistic infections.
b. severe tissue wasting
One of the general effects of a malignant cancer is cachexia, which is: a. severe bleeding. b. severe tissue wasting. c. severe fatigue. d. multiple opportunistic infections.
b. severe tissue wasting.
Remission for cancer is generally defined as a period in which: a. chemotherapy cannot be used. b. signs and symptoms are absent. c. complications are evident. d. metastases occur.
b. signs and symptoms are absent
Remission for cancer is generally defined as a period in which: Select one: a. chemotherapy cannot be used. b. signs and symptoms are absent. c. complications are evident. d. metastases occur.
b. signs and symptoms are absent.
Carcinogenesis is a. part of radiofrequency ablation process to treat specific cancers b. the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells c. the process by which cancer is staged and therefore treated d. part of basic treatment along with surgery and chemotherapy
b. the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells
The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include: 1. obstruction of a tube or duct. 2. anemia and weight loss. 3. cell necrosis and ulceration. 4. tumor markers in the circulation. a. 1,4 b. 2,4 c. 1, 3 d. 1, 2, 3, 4,
c. 1, 3
Which factor provides the basis for the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors? a. Size of the tumor b. Number of metastases c. Degree of differentiation of the cells d. Number of lymph nodes involved and location
c. Degree of differentiation of the cells
Which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites? Select one: a. Invasiveness b. Seeding c. Metastasis d. Systemic effect
c. Metastasis
The process of carcinogenesis usually begins with: Select one: a. exposure to promoters causing dysplasia. b. development of defective genes. c. an irreversible change in the cell DNA. d. a single exposure to a known risk factor causing temporary cell damage.
c. an irreversible change in the cell DNA.
Benign tumors can often be differentiated from malignant tumors because benign tumors: a. often have systemic effects. b. contain cells showing increased mitosis and atypical rapid growth. c. are encapsulated and slow- growing. d. can metastasize or invade nearby tissue.
c. are encapsulated and slow-growing
Which factor provides the basis for the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors? a. Size of the tumor b. Number of metastases c. Degree of differentiation of the cells d. Number of lymph nodes involved
c. degree of differentiation of the cells
Malignant brain tumors: a. metastasize quickly to all parts of the body. b. spread first to lungs and bone. c. spread to other parts of CNS. d. do not metastasize anywhere at any time.
c. spread to other parts of CNS.
Malignant brain tumors: Select one: a. metastasize quickly to all parts of the body. b. spread first to lungs and bone. c. spread to other parts of CNS. d. do not metastasize anywhere at any time.
c. spread to other parts of CNS.
A classification process that applies to a specific malignant tumor and describes the extent of the disease at a given time is called: Select one: a. seeding. b. mutation. c. staging. d. grading.
c. staging.
The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy treatment for cancer could mean: a. the patient is likely to hemorrhage or bleed more easily b. higher doses of chemotherapy are needed for this patient c. the patient is at a high risk for infection d. the chemotherapy is working at destroying cancer cells.
c. the patient is at a high risk for infection
High risk factors for cancer include: 1. human papilloma virus. 2. chronic irritation and inflammation. 3. repeated sun exposure. 4. high family incidence. Select one: a. 1, 3 b. 3, 4 c. 1, 2, 4 d. 1, 2, 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
Vomiting frequently follows a chemotherapy treatment because: Select one: a. the gastrointestinal tract is irritated. b. the chemicals stimulate the emetic center. c. the drugs have an unpleasant odor. d. A and B
d. A and B
Which cancer below can be related to diet? a. Skin b. Leukemia c. Sarcoma d. Colon
d. Colon
Select the correct pair representing a malignant tumor and its marker. a. Hepatic cancer - CA125, AFP b. Prostate cancer - hCG c. Breast cancer - Philadelphia chromosome d. Colon cancer - CEA
d. Colon cancer - CEA
Why does ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis? a. The ovaries are inaccessible to physical exam by clinical staff. b. The same tumor markers for ovarian cancer are present with many other cancer types. c. No effective treatment is currently available for ovarian cancer. d. Specific signs rarely appear for the patient until after secondary tumors have developed.
d. Specific signs rarely appear for the patient until after secondary tumors have developed.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a benign tumor? a. It is unencapsulated and invasive. b. It consists of undifferentiated cells. c. It exerts systemic effects. d. Cells appear relatively normal.
d. cells appear relatively normal
Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because: a. glucocorticoids greatly potentiate the effect of chemotherapy. b. the immune system is stimulated. c. skeletal muscle atrophy will be decreased. d. inflammation around the tumor may be reduced.
d. inflammation around the tumor may be reduced
Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because: Select one: a. glucocorticoids greatly potentiate the effect of chemotherapy. b. the immune system is stimulated. c. skeletal muscle atrophy will be decreased. d. inflammation around the tumor may be reduced.
d. inflammation around the tumor may be reduced.
The method that can be used as an alternative to surgical removal of a tumor by using heat generated by a needle inserted into the tumor is referred to as: a. radiation therapy. b. thermolysis intervention. c. brachytherapy. d. radiofrequency ablation.
d. radiofrequency ablation.
Radiation therapy is focused on destroying a. the cells in center of the tumor b. the cells that did not die from chemotherapy c. the cells in small tumor masses d. the cells undergoing DNA mitosis
d. the cells undergoing DNA mitosis
The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means: a. the cancer cells are being destroyed quickly. b. the patient is likely to hemorrhage. c. higher doses of chemotherapy could be tolerated by this patient. d. the patient is at high risk for infection.
d. the patient is at high risk for infection
The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means: a. the cancer cells are being destroyed quickly. b. the patient is likely to hemorrhage. c. higher doses of chemotherapy could be tolerated by this patient. d. the patient is at high risk for infection.
d. the patient is at high risk for infection.
