lesson 5-7 study guide test

why do waves move at different speeds through different layers of the earth?

S wavs dont move through water

pan means ____, gaea means ____

all, earth

TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES another name for them is _____. _____ sliding. no land is _____ or _____. is volcanic activity involved?

conservative, created, destroyed, no

DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES another name for them is _____. they create a ____ ____ _____ is volcanic activity involved? usually ____ with _____. This can create ____ ___ ____.

constructive, mid ocean ridge, yes, oceanic, oceanic, volcanic island arc

_____ + ______= theory of plate tectonics

continental drift, seafloor spreading

what is causing plates to move

convection

rock in the mantle is much ____ than in the crust.

denser

CORE is the ____ part of the planet. made up of mostly ___ and ____. ____% of earths volume. ____% of Earth's mass. temperaturs range from ____-____ degrees F

densest, iron, nickel, 16, 32, 9000, 12500

CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES another name for them is _____. _____ happens when the more dense crust goes under the less dense one. _____ form when this occurs. is volcanic activity involved?

destructive, subduction, trenches, yes

why did it take so long for scientist to agree that continents moved on the earth

didnt have proper technology until 1960s

MID ATLANTIC RIDGE formed from a _____ boundary, continues to ______ ___ _____ _____

divergent, push the continents apart

why is the crust the coolest layer of the earth

farthest from the heat source

Continental crust is _____ dense than oceanic. Continental crust is _____ than oceanic. oceanic crust is rich in _____. Oceanic crust is made of ____. Continental crust is made of ____.

less, older, iron, basalt, granite

where are convection currents happening???____. this process moves the ____ _____

mantle, tectonic plates

Sonar stands for _____ ____ ____ _____. consists of a ____ and a _____. used to measure ___ of the _____. also can combine information to show the ____ of specific areas.

sound navigation and ranging, transmitter, receiver, depth, ocean, shape.

3 ways we know what is going on inside the earth

seismic waves, drilling, volcanos

DEEP SEA TRENCH a deep, narrow depression in the sea floor caused by _____. at a ______ zone

slab pull, subduction

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY the world was a ____ _____.

super continent

THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS: the earth's surface is made of rigid slabs of rock,______, that move with the continents attached to them

tectonic plates

fold mountains are formed by the movement of ___ ____. the process her is ____. _____ rocks are forced upwards. after many years, the rock is pushed above sea level and this called _____.

tectonic plates, convergence, orogeny

another name for the lithosphere is _____ _____. move in three types of boundaries _____, _____, ____.

tectonic plates, convergent, divergent, transform

MANTLE is the _____ layer of Earth's interior. made of ____ rocks which are rich in ____ and _____. ____% of earth's mass. ___% of the earth's volume. technically solid but it is _____. temperature of mantle ____ with depth from the surface.

thickest, silicate, iron, magnesium, 68, 82, ductile, increases

CRUST is the ____ layer of earth's interior. thickness ranges from __-__ km. the two types of crust are _____ and ____. made up of the ______

thinnest, 5, 70, continental, oceanic, lithosphere

SIR FRANCIS BACON year of scientific experimentation ____. what was his occupation in science? noticed what about the continents?

1620, english philosopher, they fit together

FRANK B. TAYLOR year of scientific experimentation ____. what was his scientific occupation? saw that ____ ____ lined up. ____ continents drifted apart towards ______. what did he say did this?

1910, american geologist, mountain ranges, polar, equator, tidal forces

ALFRED WEGNER year of scientific experimentation ____. what was his scientific occupation? proposed theory of ____ _____. said _____ was a supercontinent. had to find _____.

1912, german meteorologist, continental drift, pangaea, evidence

slab pull is majorly because _____. pulling the ______ plate down at a _____ boundary

gravity, subducting, convergent

lit earths internal structure from innermost to outermost

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

ANTONIO PELLEGRINI year of scientific experimentation ____. what was his scientific occupation? noticed what on the continents? what did he explain made this?

mid 1800s. geologist, identical fossils on continents separated by oceans, great flood

iceland splits the ___ ___ ____. gives scientists a lab to study

mid atlantic ridge

ridge push pushes a crust away from the ____ ___ ____ and towards the ______ zone. forms from ____ ____ within mantle.

mid ocean ridge, subduction, convection currents

SEAFLOOR SPREADING spreading of plates at ___ ___ ____. ____ crust is further out. found out by ___ ___ in the late _____.

mid ocean ridges, older, harry hess, 1950s

EDWARD SUESS year of scientific experimentation ____. what was his scientific occupation? found _____ evidence. also found ____ ____ on different countries. what did he explain made this happen?

mid to late 1800s, glacial, plant fossils, land bridges

what evidence supports the theory of continental drift?____ match up. _____ match up. _____ evidence. why is it weird mesosauruses were found on two separate continents? why is it weird that lystrosauruses were found on separate continents?

mountains, shorelines, glacial, fresh water animals with salt water ocean in between, land animals with a body of water in between

TRENCHES occur along ____ plate why? show ______ zones, where ___ is being destroyed

pacific, idk, subduction, crust