LIFE

What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids

Most _____ sources of protein provide ample quantities of all nine essential amino acids.

Animal

Match the disease with its characteristics.

MARASMUS: severe weight loss & slow in onset KWASHIORKOR: fatty liver & rapid onset

How does denaturation of a protein affect its function?

The protein loses its normal biological activity

It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____.

infants

A ____ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dietary products.

lactovegetarian

A(n) _____ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. Examples include: peanuts, garden peas, and lentils.

legume

Garden peas, soy beans, and kidney beans are all examples of ____; a plant family with pods containing a row of seeds.

legumes

Which food would not be a good source of iron in a vegan diet?

liver

An infant that slowly starves to death by not getting enough calories or getting too little protein and other nutrients has ____.

marasmus

Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as _____ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.

marasmus

_____ protein balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed.

negative

Which of the following might happen to someone with an illness?

negative protein balance

A(n) _____ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.

nonessential

Where is DNA located in a cell?

nucleus

____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.

pepsin

A(n) _____ bond is a chemical bond formed between single amino acids in a protein.

peptide

A(n) _____ bond is formed between amino acids in a protein. It is difficult to break, but acids, enzymes, and other agents are able to do so, during digestion.

peptide

____ proteins are frequently low in one or more of the nine essential amino acids.

plant

Which of the following occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses?

postive protein balance

Every cell contains ____

protein

Nuts and seeds are excellent sources of plant _____.

protein

Slightly exceeding your needs for _____ may be beneficial when cutting calories to lose weight.

protein

_____ is in nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.

protein

Almost all enzyme are ____.

proteins

The liver and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from ____, which makes it a costly source of calories.

proteins

What macronutrient is Akey component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of he antibodies that defend the body from illness?

proteins

People of African descent are more prone to what genetic disease?

sickle cell anemia

All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except.

sodium

The defining characteristic of a nut is that it grows on a _____.

tree

Some people choose vegetarian dietary patterns as a way to improve their health.

true

True or false: DNA used for protein synthesis is transcribed from a cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm by mRNA.

true

True or false: Due to starvation, amino acids from muscle tissues are converted into glucose. This wastes muscle tissue and can lead to edema.

true

True or false: Exceeding the RDA for protein may contribute to increased body fat.

true

True or false: If adequate amounts of essential amino acids are not consumed, a person's health will deteriorate.

true

True or false: Many diseases stem from errors in the DNA code.

true

True or false: Nonessential amino acids can also be referred to as dispensable amino acids.

true

True or false: Vitamin C helps with the absorption or iron.

true

True or false: adults need only about 11% of their total protein requirement to be supplied by essential amino acids.

true

True or false: vitamin B-12 is found primary in animal foods.

true

What is the RDA for protein?

0.8 grams/kg

Which of the following supply the body with usable energy?

1) proteins 2). lipids 3). carbohydrates

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true? Select all that apply.

1). A young child many develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. 2). Edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor 3). fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor

Which of the following are characteristics of kwashiorkor?

1). Edema 2). Lack of growth 3). fatty liver

Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?

1). Edema can develop 2). Protein concentration in the blood drops 3). immune function is impaired

Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?

1). Fats 2). Carbohydrates

I diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because ____.

1). Foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat. 2). foods of animal origin are often high in cholesterol.

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

1). Serve as buffers that resist changes in PH 2). Pump ions into and out of cells

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies ____.

1). calorie deficiency 2). lack of nutrients

Which of the following elements can be found in amino acids?

1). carbon 2). nitrogen 3). hydrogen 4). oxygen

Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of ____.

1). cardiovascular disease 2). cancer

How are illnesses and infections related to undernutrition?

1). having an illness or infection increases risk fro undernutrition. 2). Being undernourished increases risk for illness and infections.

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

1). heat 2). stomach acid

A protein tha contains all nine essential amino acids is a(n) _____ protein.

1). high-quality 2). complete

Most _____ proteins do not meet the human need for essential amino acids. These proteins are frequently low in one or more of the nine essential amino acids.

1). incomplete 2). plant 3). lower-quality

A person chooses to use amino acid supplements to _____

1). lose weight 2). build muscle

When excess protein is consumed., excess amino acids are ____

1). metabolized as fuel 2). converted into glucose or fat

Put the steps of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish.

1). partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. 2). Partially digested proteins trigger the release of hormone CCK. 3). CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes. 4). Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments.

The RDA for protein os higher than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight during _____

1). pregnancy 2). infancy

Which of the following is a function of protein?

1). protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use. 2). Protein is necessary for fluid balance. 3). Protein is necessary for the visual process.

The downward trend in meat consumption of Americans results from the rising cost of beef and a conscious decision to eat less red meat for ____ reasons.

1). social 2). health 3). environmental

Chemical digestion of proteins takes place in the ____

1). stomach 2). small intestine

Which of the following foods will a vegan eat?

1). vegetable oil 2). watermelon 3). tofo

Children following a vegan or vegetarian diet may be at risk for deficiencies of ____

1). vitamin B-12 2). iron 3). calcium 4). vitamin D

How many nonessential amino acids exists? (the body needs these to function)

11 (of the 20 amino acids important in human metabolism, 9 are essential and 11 are nonessential.)

How many different amino acids does the body use (including essential and nonessential)?

20

Which of the following meal components contributes most to satiety.

3 oz sirloin steak

Proteins supply the body with about _____ kilocalories per gram.

4

If Jonas weighs 154 pounds, how many kilograms does he weigh?

70 kg (154/2.2 = 70)

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ____ code

DNA

It is the role of _____, located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis.

DNA

_____ involves a buildup of excess fluid in tissues.

Edema

True or false: Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance.

False

Although they are a dense source of calories, provide many health benefits.

Nuts (they can be healthy for the body when consumed in moderation because of the nutrients they provide).

What is the best way to obtain all of the essential amino acids?

Whole foods

Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in ____ foods.

animal

Whey protein is popular among strength -training athletes because it is particularly rich in leucine, isoleucine, and valine; also called the _____-_____ amino acids

branched-chained

A(n) ____ is any compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution.

buffer

A(n) _____ protein relates to food proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acids. When put together, the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids.

complementary

A(n) _____ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.

essential

There are nine ____ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as a part of our diet.

essential

True or false: Consuming protein has no effect on weight loss.

false

True or false: Most foods of plant origin supply ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.

false

True or false: Most plant proteins are examples of complete proteins.

false

True or false: The body links amino acids with peptide bonds to form lipids.

false

True or false: a diet in animal protein can reduce a person's chance of developing cardiovascular disease.

false

True or false: the risk of death from chronic diseases is higher in vegetarians.

false

True or false: Protein takes place in the nucleus.

false; it takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell

***Choose the eight foods that account for 90% of food-related allergies.

wheat, tree nuts, fish, soy, shellfish eggs, ???