LIFE
What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Most _____ sources of protein provide ample quantities of all nine essential amino acids.
Animal
Match the disease with its characteristics.
MARASMUS: severe weight loss & slow in onset KWASHIORKOR: fatty liver & rapid onset
How does denaturation of a protein affect its function?
The protein loses its normal biological activity
It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____.
infants
A ____ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dietary products.
lactovegetarian
A(n) _____ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. Examples include: peanuts, garden peas, and lentils.
legume
Garden peas, soy beans, and kidney beans are all examples of ____; a plant family with pods containing a row of seeds.
legumes
Which food would not be a good source of iron in a vegan diet?
liver
An infant that slowly starves to death by not getting enough calories or getting too little protein and other nutrients has ____.
marasmus
Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as _____ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.
marasmus
_____ protein balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed.
negative
Which of the following might happen to someone with an illness?
negative protein balance
A(n) _____ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts.
nonessential
Where is DNA located in a cell?
nucleus
____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.
pepsin
A(n) _____ bond is a chemical bond formed between single amino acids in a protein.
peptide
A(n) _____ bond is formed between amino acids in a protein. It is difficult to break, but acids, enzymes, and other agents are able to do so, during digestion.
peptide
____ proteins are frequently low in one or more of the nine essential amino acids.
plant
Which of the following occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses?
postive protein balance
Every cell contains ____
protein
Nuts and seeds are excellent sources of plant _____.
protein
Slightly exceeding your needs for _____ may be beneficial when cutting calories to lose weight.
protein
_____ is in nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.
protein
Almost all enzyme are ____.
proteins
The liver and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from ____, which makes it a costly source of calories.
proteins
What macronutrient is Akey component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of he antibodies that defend the body from illness?
proteins
People of African descent are more prone to what genetic disease?
sickle cell anemia
All of the following are components that make up an amino acid except.
sodium
The defining characteristic of a nut is that it grows on a _____.
tree
Some people choose vegetarian dietary patterns as a way to improve their health.
true
True or false: DNA used for protein synthesis is transcribed from a cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm by mRNA.
true
True or false: Due to starvation, amino acids from muscle tissues are converted into glucose. This wastes muscle tissue and can lead to edema.
true
True or false: Exceeding the RDA for protein may contribute to increased body fat.
true
True or false: If adequate amounts of essential amino acids are not consumed, a person's health will deteriorate.
true
True or false: Many diseases stem from errors in the DNA code.
true
True or false: Nonessential amino acids can also be referred to as dispensable amino acids.
true
True or false: Vitamin C helps with the absorption or iron.
true
True or false: adults need only about 11% of their total protein requirement to be supplied by essential amino acids.
true
True or false: vitamin B-12 is found primary in animal foods.
true
What is the RDA for protein?
0.8 grams/kg
Which of the following supply the body with usable energy?
1) proteins 2). lipids 3). carbohydrates
Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor are true? Select all that apply.
1). A young child many develop kwashiorkor when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels. 2). Edema is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor 3). fatty liver is a possible consequence of kwashiorkor
Which of the following are characteristics of kwashiorkor?
1). Edema 2). Lack of growth 3). fatty liver
Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?
1). Edema can develop 2). Protein concentration in the blood drops 3). immune function is impaired
Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?
1). Fats 2). Carbohydrates
I diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because ____.
1). Foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat. 2). foods of animal origin are often high in cholesterol.
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
1). Serve as buffers that resist changes in PH 2). Pump ions into and out of cells
Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies ____.
1). calorie deficiency 2). lack of nutrients
Which of the following elements can be found in amino acids?
1). carbon 2). nitrogen 3). hydrogen 4). oxygen
Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of ____.
1). cardiovascular disease 2). cancer
How are illnesses and infections related to undernutrition?
1). having an illness or infection increases risk fro undernutrition. 2). Being undernourished increases risk for illness and infections.
Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?
1). heat 2). stomach acid
A protein tha contains all nine essential amino acids is a(n) _____ protein.
1). high-quality 2). complete
Most _____ proteins do not meet the human need for essential amino acids. These proteins are frequently low in one or more of the nine essential amino acids.
1). incomplete 2). plant 3). lower-quality
A person chooses to use amino acid supplements to _____
1). lose weight 2). build muscle
When excess protein is consumed., excess amino acids are ____
1). metabolized as fuel 2). converted into glucose or fat
Put the steps of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish.
1). partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. 2). Partially digested proteins trigger the release of hormone CCK. 3). CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes. 4). Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments.
The RDA for protein os higher than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight during _____
1). pregnancy 2). infancy
Which of the following is a function of protein?
1). protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use. 2). Protein is necessary for fluid balance. 3). Protein is necessary for the visual process.
The downward trend in meat consumption of Americans results from the rising cost of beef and a conscious decision to eat less red meat for ____ reasons.
1). social 2). health 3). environmental
Chemical digestion of proteins takes place in the ____
1). stomach 2). small intestine
Which of the following foods will a vegan eat?
1). vegetable oil 2). watermelon 3). tofo
Children following a vegan or vegetarian diet may be at risk for deficiencies of ____
1). vitamin B-12 2). iron 3). calcium 4). vitamin D
How many nonessential amino acids exists? (the body needs these to function)
11 (of the 20 amino acids important in human metabolism, 9 are essential and 11 are nonessential.)
How many different amino acids does the body use (including essential and nonessential)?
20
Which of the following meal components contributes most to satiety.
3 oz sirloin steak
Proteins supply the body with about _____ kilocalories per gram.
4
If Jonas weighs 154 pounds, how many kilograms does he weigh?
70 kg (154/2.2 = 70)
Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ____ code
DNA
It is the role of _____, located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis.
DNA
_____ involves a buildup of excess fluid in tissues.
Edema
True or false: Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance.
False
Although they are a dense source of calories, provide many health benefits.
Nuts (they can be healthy for the body when consumed in moderation because of the nutrients they provide).
What is the best way to obtain all of the essential amino acids?
Whole foods
Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in ____ foods.
animal
Whey protein is popular among strength -training athletes because it is particularly rich in leucine, isoleucine, and valine; also called the _____-_____ amino acids
branched-chained
A(n) ____ is any compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution.
buffer
A(n) _____ protein relates to food proteins that combine to make up for each other's inadequate supply of individual essential amino acids. When put together, the collective proteins supply a sufficient amount of all 9 essential amino acids.
complementary
A(n) _____ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.
essential
There are nine ____ amino acids that cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed as a part of our diet.
essential
True or false: Consuming protein has no effect on weight loss.
false
True or false: Most foods of plant origin supply ample amounts of all nine essential amino acids.
false
True or false: Most plant proteins are examples of complete proteins.
false
True or false: The body links amino acids with peptide bonds to form lipids.
false
True or false: a diet in animal protein can reduce a person's chance of developing cardiovascular disease.
false
True or false: the risk of death from chronic diseases is higher in vegetarians.
false
True or false: Protein takes place in the nucleus.
false; it takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell
***Choose the eight foods that account for 90% of food-related allergies.
wheat, tree nuts, fish, soy, shellfish eggs, ???