Life Management Chapter 15
what happens after drinking ends
-BAC begins to decrease= becoming sober or sobering up -nothing can speed up the liver's ability to break it down -only time can heal
long term alcohol abuse: to liver
-affects liver's ability to metabolize/ break down fats -liver fills with fat which blocks blood flow in liver -fat-filled liver cells die which leaves behind useless car tissue
in one year, what causes the US over $220 billion
-alcohol related crimes -medical expenses -lost productivity on the job -motor vehicle crashes
stage 3 of alcoholism: late stage of alcoholism
-alcoholics rapidly lose their mental, emotional, and physical health -become isolated from society -reverse tolerance
risks of underage drinking
-being injured or killed in a motor vehicle crash -committing or being the victim of sexual assault or other violences -long term brain damage -problems with alcohol later in life -suspension from school, sports teams, or other school activities
long term alcohol abuse: to heart
-blood pressure and heart rate increase -irregular heartbeat -buildup of fatty deposits in heart muscle
repeated inflammation in the digestive system can increase the risk of
-cancers of the mouth, tongue, esophagus, and stomach -recurring diarrhea -chronic indigestion, heartburn, or ulcers
long term alcohol abuse: to brain
-destroy nerve cells in brain -usually those cells cannot grow again -impair memory -impair ability to concentrate -impair ability to make judgements
combination of alcohol ad another drug consequences
-greater than either drug would produce by itself -drastic changes in the body -effects are more than doubled -dangerously slow heart and breathing rates
withdrawal (& how long it lasts)
-group of symptoms that occur when a dependent person stops taking a drug -last from 3 to 7 days
long tern alcohol abuse can cause what to the body?
-harm to brain, liver, heart, and digestive system
babies born with fetal alcohol syndrome may suffer
-heart defects -malformed faces -delayed growth -poor motor development -mental retardation
avoid what kind of situations?
-in which alcohol is present and it will help you to stay alcohol free -also help you avoid related risks like being injured by someone who has been drinking
alcoholic's recovery stage 2: detoxification
-involves removing all alcohol from a person's body -may experience withdrawal
long term alcohol abuse: to digestive system
-irritates tissues that line the digestive system and causes inflammation
effects on behavior because of alcohol
-lose judgement and self control -decrease drinker's natural fears -express anger in violent or destructive ways
serious health problems of late stage alcoholism
-malnutrition -liver and brain damage -cancer -lung disease -heart disease
alcoholic's recovery stage 3:rehabilitation
-process of learning to cope with everyday living without alcohol -alcoholics receive counseling to help them understand their disease and behavior
symptoms of withdrawal
-shakiness -sleep problems -irritability -rapid heartbeat -sweating -see, smell, or feel imaginary objects
life threatening effects of intoxication
-vehicle crashes -alcohol overdose -interactions of alcohol with other drugs
legal limit of a driver over 21
.08
Under the age of 21 a BAC of ___ can get you arrested
0.02%
drivers ages 16-19 with a BAC of __ - __ are 7 times more likely to be killed in a car crash than any aged sober driver
0.02% - 0.05%
In Florida or anywhere else in the US and you are 21 years old or older, a BAC (blood alcohol concentration) of ___ will get you a DUI.
0.08%
amount of alcohol in every product EX: 12 oz beer- 6% alcohol. amount of alcohol = ? 1.25 oz cocktail- 40%. amount of alcohol = ?
0.5 oz
how long for an adult to metabolize 1 drink
1 hour
how many americans grow up in an alcoholic family
1 out of 5
3 stages in an alcoholic's recovery
1) acknowledging the problem 2) detoxification 3) rehabilitation
12 factors that affect BAC
1) amount of food in stomach 2) body size/ weight 3) age 4) gender 5) amount you drink 6) tolerance 7) rate of consumption 8) health 9) metabolism 10) altitude 11) other drug interactions 12) percentage of alcohol
5 physical/ anatomical causes hangovers
1) barrier forms around brain cells thus causing them to shrink due to dehydration 2) body system and body organs dehydrate 3) oxygen levels are used up in the brain and other parts of the body 4) brain builds up toxins, one being formaldehyde 5) alcohol is a poison which can make you sick
how to use refusal skills
1) give a reason for your refusal 2) use body language to reinforce what you say 3) show your concern for others 4) provide alternatives 5) tale a definitie action
14 symptoms and signs of a hangover
1) headache 2) nausea 3) upset stomach 4) dizziness 5) loss of memory 6) fatigue 7) vomiting 8) sensitivity to noise 9) sensitivity to light 10) hot and cold flashes 11) thirsty 12) blood shot eyes 13) pale skin color 14) diarrhea
3 stages of alcoholism
1) problem drinking 2) absolute dependence 3) late stage of alcoholism
legal age to drink in Florida is ___ and anywhere else in the US the age is ___
21, 21
alcohol continues to be absorbed into the blood for how long after a person's last drink
30 to 90 minutes
alcohol content of alcoholic beverages range from
4 percent to 50 percent
how much more is alcohol common among children of alcoholics than general population, and why?
4 to 5 times more influence of genetics and environment a person grows up in
If a BAC of 0.08% then __-__ times more likely to be killed in a car crash than any aged sober driver
40 - 50
what percentage of motor vehicle crashes is alcohol involved with?
40%
alcohol is involved with how many deaths per year?
80,000
If a BAC of 0.12% then __-__ times more likely to be killed in a car crash than any aged sober driver
90 - 95
how long for a teen to metabolize 1 drink
90 minutes
about __% of alcohol is ______ absorbed into your blood through the lining of your stomach
90% immediately
consequence of exceeding legal limit of BAC while driving
DWI/driving while intoxicated
What do alcohols all have in common?
They are all one DRINK. It doesn't matter what you are drinking, it is still a drink: beer is not safer than liquor
reverse tolerance
a conditions in which less and less alcohol causes intoxication
hangover
after affects of drinking too much alcohol
another name for alcohol overdose
alcohol poisoning
blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
amount of alcohol in a person's blood, expressed as percentage
alcoholic's recovery stage 1: acknowledging the problem
ask for help and know the problem
what can strongly influence underage drinking (from people)?
attitudes of peers, family, and the media
what play a strong role in determining whether a person or not will develop a drinking problem?
attitudes towards drinking and the availability of alcohol
sticking to your decision not to drink means what?
being able to say no with confidence in situations where other people are drinking
influence of the media on teens drinking
bombard public with advertisements usually ad says nothing about product ads promote one sided image of drinkers as athletic, healthy, and successful drinking will make you more popular or attractive
dependence
brain develops a chemical need for alcohol and cannot function normally without it
what is produced in fermentation
carbon dioxide and alcohol
tolerance
causes a drinker's body to need increasingly larger amounts of alcohol to achieve the original effect
drug
chemical substance that is taken to cause changes in a person's body or behavior
factor of rate of consumption on BAC: liver
chemically breaks down or metabolizes alcohol at a fairly constant rate
support groups
community, religious, and health organizations often sponsor support groups for alcoholics
in slowing body's normal reactions, alcohol may cause:
confusion, decreased alertness, poor coordination, blurred vision, and drowsiness
binge drinking
consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol at one sitting
what is alcohol addiction characterized by
craving or strong emotional need for alcohol
alcohol is always classified as a ______, however, at low doses it acts a ________
depressant stimulate
alcoholism
desease where people can no longer control their use of alcohol
which pathway does alcohol follow?
digestive system
cirrhosis
disease of liver in which it becomes filled with useless scar tissue -can lead to liver failure
how to calculate alcohol content from proof
divide by 2
how to calculate alcohol content
drink volume x percent alcohol
stage 2 of alcoholism: absolute dependence
drinker becomes totally dependent on the drug (alcohol dominates the person's life)
addiction
drinker no longer has control over his or her drinking
what negative effects accompany intoxication on what?
drinker's body and behavior
factor of amount of food in the stomach on BAC
drinking on empty stomach increases rate of alcohol absorption into bloodstream
why would teens drink or not drink (peer related)?
drinking to fit in do what their classmates are doing know a friend with alcohol problem and don't want to turn out that way know a friend or family member who was killed
leading preventable cause of mental retardation in the US
drinking while pregnant
DUI
driving under the influence
depressant
drug that slows brain and body reactions
overdose
excessive amount of a drug that leads to a coma or death
true or false: you get drunk faster from liquor than other types of alcohol
false
Yes or No? selling alcohol to someone under the age of 21 is okay for the seller.
false. it is a criminal offense
fetal alcohol syndrome
group of birth defects caused by effects of alcohol on an unborn child
what can happen when a pregnant woman drinks?
harm to developing baby
alternatives to parties
healthy activities such as: -sports -hobbies -playing an instrument -help an organization to raise money -organize a school activity
leading cause of death in US
heart disease
what vital functions are affected in large amounts of alcohol?
heartbeat and breathing
legal risks from underage drinking
heavy fines lawful seizures of property
what do the effects of alcohol depend on?
how much alcohol is circulating in bloodstream
alcohol hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by toxic effects of alcohol
why are underage drivers more like to crash
lack of experience
Drunk driving is the ______________ of teens
leading cause of death
factor of gender on BAC: males vs. females
males generally have a lower BAC because a larger portion of the alcohol gets metabolized in the stomach before it enters the bloodstream also the liver is more efficient in males
fermentation
microorganisms called yeast feed on the sugars in foods such as malted grains, grapes, or berries
acceptable BAC for underage drivers
none
blackout
period of time that the drinker cannot recall (no memory)
refusal skills
skills needed to say no
factor of body size on BAC
smaller people, by weight and height, feel the effects of the alcohol more than larger people
intoxication
state in which a person's mental and physical abilities are impaired by alcohol or another substance
what will beverages with a greater percentage of alcohol such as whiskey, gin, and rum list on the label
their proof
stage 1 of alcoholism: problem drinking
to relieve stress or escape from problems at home, school, or work
many schools have adopted a _____ for alcohol
zero-tolerance policy
