Life Span Development: Chapter 3 Assignment

The Apgar Scale should be used to assess the health of newborns at

1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Typical prenatal development lasts how many weeks?

38-40

Exposure to cocaine during prenatal development has been linked to which of the following?

>cognitive deficits >impaired language development >impaired motor development

Loss of sleep is one of the biggest concerns during the postpartum period and has been shown to affect which of the following?

>decision making >stress levels >marital conflict

Prenatal development is divided into what three periods?

>fetal >embryonic >germinal

For a particular teratogen, the severity of damage to the embryo or fetus and the type of defect are influenced by which of the following?

>genetic susceptibility >time of exposure >the dosage

Which of the following are risk factors for postpartum depression?

>low self-esteem >history of depression >low level of social support

Which of the following are psychoactive drugs?

>nicotine >alcohol >marijuana >caffeine

In general, prenatal care involves which of the following?

>screening for manageable conditions >testing for treatable diseases >a defined schedule of visits for medial care

Which of the following statements are true of a doula?

A doula provides continuous support for a the mother before, during, and after childbirth. A doula is a caregiver.

Smoking e-cigarettes during pregnancy will not affect a developing fetus.

False

True or false: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends that pregnant women consume caffeine on a regular basis.

False

Which of the following is true regarding maternal exposure to environmental smoke?

It is associated with numerous negative outcomes for offspring.

Which of the following is a childbirth strategy similar to natural childbirth that includes a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor?

Lamaze

According to the U.S. surgeon general,

No alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy.

Regarding the periods of prenatal development, which of the following statements is true?

The germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods all begin during the first trimester.

True or false: Drinking one or two servings of beer or wine a few days a week during pregnancy can cause negative effects on the fetus.

True

True or false: Heavy amounts of caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with low birthweight.

True

True or false: Infants born to women using heroin are at risk for experiencing withdrawal symptoms.

True

True or false: Infants born to women using synthetic opioids or opiate-related pain relievers are at risk for experiencing opioid withdrawal.

True

True or false: Infants who weigh less than 90 percent of all babies of the same gestational age are called small for date infants.

True

In the third stage of birth, the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are expelled from the uterus. This stage of birth is called the

afterbirth.

Research reviews have concluded that marijuana use during pregnancy

alters brain functioning in the fetus.

Barbiturates, tranquilizers, and narcotics are examples of ______ used to relieve pain during labor.

analgesics

Teratology is the field of study that investigates

causes birth defects

An incision made in the mother's abdomen to deliver a baby is a procedure known as a ______ delivery.

cesarean

Interpreting the effect of maternal cocaine use on infants is

complicated because there are often other factors in the mothers' lives that can contribute to the problems found in their children.

A caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth is known as a

doula.

FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers ______ during pregnancy.

drank alcohol

The period that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception is known as the ______ period.

embryonic

The probability of a structural defect as the result of exposure to a teratogen is greatest during the early ______ period, when organs are being formed.

embryonic

The rate of cell differentiation intensifies, the support systems for cells form, and organs appear during which period?

embryonic

The ______ is the inner layer of cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory systems.

endoderm

The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the _________ period.

fetal

Which prenatal period lasts about seven months?

fetal

A cluster of abnormalities that may appear in the offspring of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy is referred to as

fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

The ____________ period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division, and attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall.

germinal

Which of the following substances was most likely used by a mother whose newborn exhibits withdrawal symptoms like tremors, irritability, abnormal crying, disturbed sleep, and impaired motor control?

heroin

In general, exposure to teratogens has a more serious impact when ______.

it occurs earlier in the pregnancy

Jemma weighs 4 pounds at birth. She would be considered a(n) ______ infant.

low birth weight

Recent studies found that prenatal marijuana exposure was related to lower birth weight and ______ in children.

lower intelligence

During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid

mitosis.

The use of opiate-related pain relievers or synthetic opioids during pregnancy is

not recommended.

The ______ is a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join.

placenta

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the

placenta.

The ______ period lasts from the end of delivery until the mother's body has returned to a nearly prepregnant state (in about six weeks).

postpartum

The Lamaze method, a method similar to natural childbirth, is also known as

prepared childbirth

The general term for drugs that act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods is

psychoactive drugs.

Analgesia is used to ______ labor.

relieve pain during

Research indicates that prescription drugs can act as a(n) _________ to the unborn fetus. (Watch your spelling!)

teratogen

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes is referred to as a(n)

teratogen.

The placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled during the ____ stage of birth.

third

The embryonic period occurs from ________ weeks to eight weeks after conception.

two

The fertilized egg is called the

zygote.

Prenatal care often includes which of the following components?

>social services >comprehensive educational services >nutritional services

Which of the following prescription drugs can function as teratogens?

>synthetic estrogen >acne medications >antibiotics >some antidepressants

In what ways does the natural childbirth method attempt to reduce the mother's pain?

>through education >with relaxation techniques >through breathing methods

When a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's fallopian tube, what occurs?

conception

Which of the following refers to a fixed time period very early in development during which certain experiences or events can have long-lasting effects on development?

critical period

Once the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, the mass of cells become known as a(n)

embryo.

Conception occurs when a single sperm cell from a male unites with an ovum in a process called

fertilization.

In the trimester view of prenatal development, both the germinal and embryonic periods of development occur during the

first trimester

The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall is referred to as

implantation.

Which term best describes infants that are born three weeks or more before the pregnancy has reached its full term?

preterm

Newborn Amanda gets a total combined score of 2 on the Apgar Scale. This signals

she is in a state of emergency, and she may not survive.

Which term best describes infants whose birth weight is below normal, compared to what would be expected given their gestational age?

small for date