Lifespan Mid-Term

Samantha can observe her own actions and abilities from an outside frame of reference and can reflect on her feelings. Samantha is showing: a. internalization b. externalization c. self-esteem d. self-awareness

externalization

Pick the preventable, nongenetic birth defect. a. Huntington's disease b. hemophilia c. Down syndrome d. fetal alcohol syndrome

fetal alcohol syndrome

Becky is in kindergarten and is learning how to write her name. She is developing: a. fine motor skills. b. gross motor skills. c. all physical skills. d. intellectual skills.

fine motor skills

Compared to boys, preschool girls are usually superior at: a. fine motor skills b. gross motor skills c. all physical skills d. intellectual skills

fine motor skills

Lee is in the first grade. His writing is extremely sloppy. It turns out that he is left handed and is currently developing: a. fine motor skills b. gross motor skills c. all physical skills d. intellectual skills

fine motor skills

When do humans fully develop a fear of heights? a. around birth b. at 2 months of age c. by 8 months of age d. at age 2 years

by 8 months of age

Preschool is BEST described as a(n): a. educational setting serving children ages 3 to 5. b. more strict setting than day care. c. educational setting focused on improving IQ. d. educational setting primarily for middle-class kids.

educational setting serving children ages 3 to 5

Morning sickness typically occurs during the: a. first trimester b. second trimester c. third trimester d. every trimester

first trimester

Selective attention refers to a person's ability to: a. focus only on relevant information. b. reason with an adult c. reconsider one's first perceptions d. pay attention to younger children

focus only on relevant information

The brain region involved in higher reasoning is the: a. temporal lobe b. frontal lobe c. visual cortex d. cerebral cortex

frontal lobe

The primary risk with smoking during pregnancy involves: a. giving birth to a larger-than-normal baby b. giving birth to a smaller-than-normal baby c. giving birth to a Down syndrome baby d. gestational diabetes

giving birth to a smaller-than-normal baby

The frantic, continual newborn crying called "colic" typically: a. continues throughout infancy b. goes away after the first 3 months c. is due to insensitive caregiving d. occurs in babies who are not breast-fed

goes away after the first 3 months

This gives humans the ability to engage in social cognition. a. language b. attachment c. autonomy d. childhood

language

Pruning in the frontal lobes starts ___________ in other brain regions. a. earlier than b. later than c. at the same time as d. more quickly than

later than

Language abilities are normally represented in the: a. auditory cortex b. frontal lobes c. right hemisphere d. left hemisphere

left hemisphere

Which stimulus do newborns NOT prefer? a. the odor of breast milk b. female voices c. male voices d. sweet tastes

male voices

Children usually begin to initiate pas-talk conversations at about age: a. 18 months b. 2 or 3 years. c. 3 or 4 years. d. 4 or 5 years.

4 or 5 years

About 1 in ______ middle-class European American toddlers are inhibited. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

5

Roughly 1 in ________ children in the United States are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. a. 25 b. 57 c. 68 d. 77

68

A score below _________ on the Apgar scale indicates that the newborn must be monitored. a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 d. 8

7

At what age does separation anxiety typically emerge? a. birth b. 2 months of age c. 7 months of age d. 15 months of age

7 months of age

Which statement about friends is false? a. They help insulate children from being bullied. b. They rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures. c. They teach children how to relate to others. d. They protect children as they venture into the world.

They rarely disagree or fight, especially in Western cultures.

One in ________ U.S. children are being raised by single parents. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

4

Tawanda uses induction when disciplining her child. After witnessing her daughter teasing a playmate, she says: a. "Think of how terrible that child feels being teased." b. "I'm going to put you in your room." c. "You are a bad girl.' d. "Now you are really going to get it!"

"Think of how terrible that child feels being teased."

In 2005-2006, the poorest 20 percent of American families spent about __________ per year per child on "enrichment expenditures," while the richest 20 percent spent about ____________ per year per child. a. $200; $15,000 b. $1,500; $9,500 c. $500; $2,000 d. $1,000; $5,000

$1,500; $9,500

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children from ages ________________ pin down the basics of ______________. a. 0 to 2; physical reality through their senses b. 0 to 2; emotional reality c. 2 to 4; physical reality through their senses d. 2 to 4; emotional reality

0 to 2; physical reality through their senses

What percentage of U.S. parents report that they often spank their children? a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. 20 percent d. 30 percent

10 percent

What percentage of children are subjected to chronic harassment? a. 1 to 5 percent b. 10 to 20 percent c. 25 to 30 percent d. around 50 percent

10 to 20 percent

Clara is beginning to feel ashamed of herself for the first time. Clara is probably: a. 6 months old b. 1 year old c. 2 to 3 years old d. 5 years old

2 to 3 years old

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been implicated in: a. Asperger's syndrome b. childhood schizophrenia c. autism d. ADHD

ADHD

Chromosomes are composed of the genetic material called: a. sperm b. DNA c. ovum d. nuclei

DNA

_____________ devised the psychosocial stages of development in which toddlers focus on autonomy. a. Erikson b. Freud c. Piaget d. Kagan

Erikson

Lee is 10 years old. According to Piaget, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Lee's cognition? a. He has a realistic understanding of the world. b. His thinking is similar to adults. c. He can reason conceptually about concrete objects. d. He can think abstractly in a scientific way.

He can think abstractly in a scientific way.

The federal program that provides free high-quality preschool specifically to low-income children in the United States is called: a. welfare b. Head Start c. Early Head Start d. social services

Head Start

___________ refers to the parenting style that is low on structure and low on love; in this worst-case scenario, parents are missing in action in children's lives. a. Permissive b. Demanding c. Authoritative d. Rejecting-neglecting

Rejecting-neglecting

Childhood obesity is defined as having: a. a BMI at or above the 50th percentile b. a BMI at or above the 70th percentile c. a BMI at or above the 80th percentile d. a BMI at or above the 95th percentile

a BMI at or above the 95th percentile

Who is LEAST likely to breast feed her child? a. a low-income woman who goes back to work. b. an upper-middle-class woman who goes back to work c. a developing-world woman d. a developed-world woman

a low-income woman who goes back to work

Genetically determined interests cause people to put themselves in specific environments. The term for this nature-evokes-nurture principle is: a. humanistic forces b. innate forces c. active forces d. passive forces

active forces

Which life stage didn't really exist until the twentieth century? a. old age b. adolescence c. infancy d. childhood

adolescence

Th earliest date at which a baby can possibly live outside the womb is the: a. implantation period b. embryonic stage c. age of viability d. mass-to-specific sequence

age of viability

The top-ranking health disorder among U.S. children today, affecting 1 in 10 children, is: a. autoimmune disorders b. Asperger's syndrome c. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) d. autism

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

The devastating condition that hinders theory-of-mind abilities is: a. dyslexia b. ADHD c. dementia d. autism

autism

David is almost 3 years old and has learned to brush his teeth by himself. When his father tries to brush his teeth, David grabs the toothbrush from his father and does it himself. These actions are a result of: a. autonomy b. attachment c. initiative d. mistrust

autonomy

James is 9 years old. Which stage of development is he currently in, according to Piaget? a. sensorimotor b. preoperations c. concrete operations d. formal operations

concrete operations

Professor Mary tests children's reasoning abilities. She changes the shape of a mound of clay in front of a child and asks if the quantity of clay has changed. Professor Mary is investigating cognitive abilities using a _________ task. a. reversibility b. centering c. conservation d. decantering

conservation

Baby Sam loves to say "oooo." This is an example of: a. cooing b. babbling c. holophrases d. telegraphic speech

cooing

When researchers compare different age groups on some quality, they are conducting a ____________ study. a. correlational b. cross-sectional c. longitudinal d. bidirectional

cross-sectional

Several days after seeing another child have a temper tantrum, a 16-month-old toddler engages in similar behavior. She is showing: a. deferred imitation b. the A-not-B erro c. means-end behavior d. object permanence

deferred imitation

A treelike branching structure of a neuron is called a(n): a. axon b. dendrite c. synapse d. cortex

dendrite

The cervix must widen or _________ during the first stage of labor. a. dilate b. contract c. efface d. crown

dilate

Theory-of-mind abilities emerge: a. during preschool b. abruptly at age 4 c. gradually during elementary school d. abruptly at age 6

during preschool

In the United States, childhood obesity started to become a serious problem: a. during the 1980s b. around the year 2000 c. 5 years ago d. 1 year ago

during the 1980s

Konrad Lorenz was a(n): a. physician b. psychoanalyst c. anthropologist d. ethologist

ethologist

Konrad Lorenz, a(n) ________________, became the attachment-eliciting stimulus for goslings. a. psychoanalyst b. behaviorist c. ethologist d. evolutionary psychologist

ethologist

The hallmark of ADHD is deficits in: a. social cognition b. language c. theory of mind d. executive functions

executive functions

In order to determine if a given treatment causes something to happen, a researcher needs to conduct a(n): a. correlational study b. naturalistic observation c. self-report strategy d. experiment

experiment

Brynn wants to help her mother with chores. She asks to put the dishes away and water the plants. Her mother starts giving Brynn $1 for every chore she completes. Soon Brynn seems to dread doing chores. This is consistent with research showing that when adults give _____ rewards for behaviors that are _____ rewarding, children are less likely to perform these activities. a. external; intrinsically b. internal; extrinsically c. increased; already d. better; slightly

external; intrinsically

Disruptive and aggressive behavior in children may indicate: a. self-awareness b. self-esteem c. internalizing tendencies d. externalizing tendencies

externalizing tendacies

Zack is 4 years old and can do cartwheels, back flips, back-hand springs, and one-handed cart wheels. He has had no formal training to develop these gymnastic skills. All represent: a. fine motor skills b. gross motor skills c. all physical skills d. intellectual skills

gross motor skills

If a child is being bullied, the child's BEST defense is to: a. tell the teacher. b. have a strong sense of self-efficacy. c. fight back. d. avoid the bully.

have a strong sense of self-efficacy

Undernourished children tend to: a. have impaired physical and social skills. b. reach sexual maturity at an early age. c. develop problems associated with obesity. d. develop unusual physical and mental abilites.

have impaired physical and social skills

All of the following are associated with autism spectrum disorder EXCEPT: a. having a back-and-forth conversation. b. sharing feelings. c. a lack of interest in relationships. d. hyperactivity.

hyperactivity

Children who live in single-parent mother-headed families are often: a. maladjusted b. malnourished c. impoverished d. mentally ill

impoverished

Divorce is BEST for the children when the: a. parents stop speaking to each other. b. marriage is filled with conflict c. parents have joint custody d. mothers have sole custody

marriage is filled with conflict

When Westerners are asked to recall autobiographical memories, this part of their brain is activated. a. temporal lobe b. occipital lobe c. medial frontal cortex d. motor cortex

medial frontal cortex

Brandon is in the third grade. What stage of development is he in? a. childhood b. early childhood c. middle childhood d. adolescence

middle childhood

The mean length of utterance refers to the number of ___________ in a sentence. a. vowels b. morphemes c. phonemes d. words

morphemes

The fact that lifespan development draws information from a variety of disciplines such as nursing, psychology, and neuroscience demonstrates that lifespan development is: a. multidisciplinary b. exploratory c. experimental d. research oriented

multidisciplinary

The _______________ acts as a lubricant that permits neural impulses to speedily flow. a. myelin sheath b. axon c. synapse d. dendrite

myelin sheath

The name for the egg cells is the: a. hormone. b. ovary. c. ovum. d. uterus.

ovum

For a baby with a difficult temperament: a. particularly sensitive caregiving can promote a secure attachment. b. most kinds of caregiving will promote a secure attachment. c. it's practically impossible to achieve a secure attachment. d. it's easy to promote a secure attachment.

particularly sensitive caregiving can promote a secure attachment.

Having well-developed fine-motor skills can predict which of the following? a. performance on school-related memory tests b. performance on speed-oriented cognitive tests c. performance on both school-related memory tests and speed-oriented cognitive tests d. performance on neither school-related memory tests no speed-oriented cognitive tests

performance on both school-related memory tests and speed-oriented cognitive tests

Five-year-old Casey believes that a drinking glass now holds more juice simply because it was poured into a taller glass. Casey is in Piaget's ________ stage of development. a. sensorimotor b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational

preoperational

Prenatal growth occurs from the interior parts of the body outward. This principle is called the _________ sequence. a. mass-to-specific b. proximodistal c. viability sequence d. cephalocaudal

proximodistal

Which of the following is NOT a classic characteristic of Down syndrome? a. heart problems b. mental retardation c. shortened life expectancy d. psychosis

psychosis

When researchers test groups of people and use numerical scales and statistics, they are conducting: a. interview research b. naturalistic observation c. qualitative research d. quantitative research

quantitative research

Lifespan developmentalists are: a. mainly researchers b. researchers and practitioners from multiple disciplines c. mainly psychologists d. mainly practitioners

researchers and practitioners from multiple disciplines

Mrs. Smith gives help to her class when needed and then backs off when a student masters a given skill. Mrs. Smith is using a teaching technique called: a. seriation. b. centering. c. overreaching. d. scaffolding.

scaffolding

Self-conscious emotions are important for: a. attachment. b. autonomy. c. conscience. d. socialization.

socialization

When baby Rodrigo's mother touches his lips, he suckles his mother's finger. Rodrigo is showing the ___________ reflex. a. rooting b. Moro c. grasping d. sucking

sucking

Early Head Start: a. is available to all children under age 3 b. is ineffective and being phased out c. supports low-income pregnant women, infants, and toddlers d. provides a high-quality preschool experience for low-income children

supports low-income pregnant women, infants, and toddlers

Malika and her 7-month-old son are totally in tune with one another, alert and sensitive to each other's signals. This joyful attunement is called: a. separation anxiety b. synchrony c. social behavior d. temperamental behavior

synchrony

Chelsea has noticed that when she and her son go to the swimming pool, instead of saying, "no in water' when he protests about going in, he has begun to say, "Don't put me in the water." Chelsea's son is mastering grammar, also known as: a. intonation. b. comprehension. c. syntax. d. inner speech.

syntax

Baby LeBron was just born. What is used to evaluate his condition? a. the neonatal intensive care scale b. the Apgar scale c. the PKU scale d. the viability scale

the Apgar scale

The social-interactionist perspective emphasizes that: a. joint attention is critical to language development b. parents tend to use simplified, exaggerated tones to speak to infants c. the desire to communicate with each other promotes developing language d. a baby's first sound grows out of reflexes

the desire to communicate with each other promotes developing language

Martha is about 18 weeks pregnant and has experienced quickening. This means that Martha fells: a. gas pains b. false labor pains c. the fetus moving d. heartburn

the fetus moving

Diana realizes that her mother does not know the thoughts inside her head. As a result, she has recently started lying. Diana has developed ____________ and is roughly _______ years old. a. theory-of-mind abilities; 4 b. deception abilities; 3 c. theory-of-mind abilities; 6 d. concrete operational ability; 4

theory-of-mind abilities; 4

When Piaget said that children progress through qualitatively different stages of intellectual development, he meant that: a. younger children are more sure of their knowledge than older children are. b. there are fundamental differences in how children of different ages reason. c. older children simply know more facts than younger children do. d. older children do better on intelligence test.

there are fundamental differences in how children of different ages reason

Collaborative pretend play involve _____________ and develops around age ____________. a. two children fantasizing together; 4 b. two children fantasizing together; 2 c. a child pretending with a parent; 2 d. a child pretending with a parent; 4

two children fantasizing together; 4

When Karen gives her newborn a bath, she cleans the baby's belly button, which is where the __________ used to be. a. placenta b. blastocyst c. amniotic sac d. umbilical cord

umbilical cord

Who is the typical bullying target? a. aggressive children b. unpopular children c. loud, active children d. athletic children

unpopular children

Completing major motor milestones (such as crawling or walking) early is _______ to later intelligence. a. highly correlated b. slightly correlated c. unrelated d. negatively correlated

unrelated

Basira runs into her old friend Gina from high school. Gina wants to give Basira her phone number but neither woman has a pen. Basira memorizes the number and calls Gina that evening. This means that Basira transferred the phone number from her _______ to more permanent memory storage. a. long-term memory b. working memory c. hypothalamus d. declarative memory

working memory

By ________ months of age, infants show preference for human speech. a. 3 b. 5 c. 8 d. 11

3

Earliest memories are of age: a. 18 months b. 2 or 3 years c. 3 or 4 years d. 4 or 5 years

3 or 4 years

Being impoverished during the first __________ years of life makes it less likely for a child to graduate from high school. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

4

This field of study is related to gerontology. a. Child development b. Adolescent development c. Adult development d. Lifespan development

Adult development

_________ is a measure that evaluates a child's knowledge in specific school-related areas. a. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children b. An achievement test c. The Flynn effect d. General intelligence or "g"

An achievement test

_______________ believe that social cognitive capacity puts humans at an advantage to other species. a. Psychoanalysts b. Behaviorists c. Neuroscientists d. Evolutionary theorists

Evolutionary theorists

What is the BEST child-rearing strategy to adopt with a temperamentally fearful toddler? a. Insulate the child from socially stressful situations. b. Gently push the child into a few stressful situations. c. React as one normally would with any child. d. Force the child into as many stressful situations as possible.

Gently push the child into a few stressful situations.

Which statement about morning sickness is false? a. It involves queasiness that can occur on and off all day. b. It may be a mechanism to prevent pregnant women from eating spoiled foods. c. It only happens in the morning. d. It can only occur during the first trimester.

It only happens in the morning

Lara sees a highway crash and feels incredibly frightened. Tonia feels terrible for the people who were hurt and rushes to help. Pick the label for each girl's response. a. Lara = sympathy; Tonia = empathy b. Lara = internalizing tendencies; Tonia = externalizing tendencies c. Lara = empathy; Tonia = sympathy d. Lara = externalizing tendencies; Tonia = internalizing tendencies

Lara = empathy; Tonia = sympathy

Which statement is true? a. Males and females behave differently. b. Females have higher intelligence than males. c. Men are healthier than women. d. Men have higher intelligence than women.

Males and females behave differently

According to _____________, we think logically for the first time during ________________. a. Erikson; early childhood b. Piaget; concrete operations c. Erikson, adolescence and emerging adulthood d. Piaget; formal operations

Piaget; concrete operations

Which of the following is NOT a teaching tip described by the text? a. Foster autonomy by providing students with choices. b. Praise students for their brilliance. c. Develop a secure attachment with each student. d. Avoid using IQ scores to predict performance.

Praise student for their brilliance

Rhashan, a 3-year-old, is continually testing his abilities in the wider world. Josh, a second grader, is learning that he has to work for what he wants. Pick Erikson's psychosocial stages for each boy. a. Rhashan = initiative; Josh = industry b. Rhashan = industry; Josh = initiative c. Rhashan = self-awareness; Josh = self-efficacy d. Rhashan = self-efficacy; Josh = self-confidence

Rhashan = initiative; Josh = industry

__________ is evaluating oneself as either good or bad as a result of comparing the self to other people. a. Internalization b. Externalization c. Self-esteem d. Self-awareness

Self-esteem

_____________ is a set of skills that allows one to manage one's own emotions as well as understand others' emotions. a. Means-end behavior b. Social cognition c. Deferred imitation d. Laten learning

Social cognition

This chromosome combination results in a boy. a. XX b. YY c. XY d. XZ

XY

Three-year-old Micah thinks his father turned into a monster when he put on a clown mask. Micah's inability to grasp that a person's core self stays the same despite changes in appearance shows he is too young to understand: a. identity constancy. b. closure. c. diffusion. d. forelosure.

identity constancy

All are examples of blended families EXCEPT for children living: a. with a biological mother and a stepfather b. with half-brothers and half-sisters c. in traditional two-parent families d. with foster parents

in traditional two-parent families

A culture that emphasizes independence, competition, and personal success is called: a. collectivist b. individualistic c. devloped d. developing

individualistic

"Imagine how hurt you would feel if your friend treated you that way." This type of child-rearing intervention is called: a. induction b. shame inducing c. altruism d. power assertion

induction

What is the middle-childhood psychosocial task, according to Erikson? a. identity b. industry c. initiative d. autonomy

industry

Which psychosocial task involves bending to adult reality and needing to work for what we want? a. identity b. industry c. initiative d. autonomy

industry

In selecting a good day-care center, parents should do everything EXCEPT: a. consider their child's temperament b. look for patient, caring, and empathic caretakers c. look for small child-teacher ratios d. look for frequent staff turnover to ensure that a child's primary attachment is to mom and dad

look for frequent staff turnover to ensure that a child's primary attachment is to mom and dad

When does proximity-seeking behavior in stressful situations go away? a. never b. at 10 years of age c. at 5 years of age d. when a baby turns one

never

Cognitive behaviorist theorists believe people learn through: a. observation or modeling b. attachment c. behavioral genetics d. operant conditioning

observation or modeling

When asked to explain why Josie is her best friend, Shareese answers, "Because she makes me laugh and is nice to me." These girls are MOST likely _____________ children, because they describe their friendship in terms of ______________ qualities. a. younger; internal b. older; internal c. younger; external d. older; external

older; internal