Lilley Quizzes Exam 2

What is the duration of action of IV furosemide (Lasix)? -8 hours -1 hour -6 hours -2 hours

2 hours

How fast can the nurse expect intravenous furosemide (Lasix) to begin to work? -30 minutes -1 minute -60 minutes -5 minutes

5 minutes

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) has a basic tenet that states all reasonable nonpharmaceutical means of controlling the blood cholesterol level (e.g. diet, exercise) are to be tried for at least how many months before drug therapy is considered? -9 months -3 months -6 months -12 months

6 months

Select all examples of predominately beta 2-selective adrenergic medications used in treatment of asthma and bronchitis. -Albuterol -Pirbuterol -Phenylephrine -Salmeterol

Albuterol, Pirbuterol, Salmeterol

Select all actions/effects of fibrates. -Decreases platelet adhesiveness -Inhibits the synthesis of triglycerides in the liver -Increases secretion of cholesterol into bile -Suppressing the release of free fatty acid from adipose tissue

All of the above

Select all adrenergic receptors. -Alpha 2 -Alpha 1 -Beta 2 -Beta 1

All of the above

Select all classes of diuretics. -Thiazide -Potassium-sparing -Loop -Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

All of the above

Select all conditions that may include beta-blockers in the treatment plan. -Angina -Hypertension -Myocardial infarction -Dysrhythmias

All of the above

Select all dosage forms that nitrates are available in. -IV -Oral -Sublingual -Ointment

All of the above

Select all loop diuretics. -Torsemide (Demadex) -Bumetanide (Bumex) -Furosemide (Lasix) -Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

All of the above

Select all possible adverse effects of beta-blockers on the central nervous system. -Dizziness -Lethargy -Fatigue -Depression

All of the above

Select all results of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that can lead to hypertension: -Release of renin from the kidneys -Increase in myocardial contraction -Increase in heart rate -Constriction of blood vessels

All of the above

Select all subcategories of the adrenergic antihypertensive drugs. -Alpha 1 receptor blockers -Combination alpha 1 and beta receptor blockers -Alpha 2 receptor agonists -Beta receptor blockers

All of the above

With diuretic therapy, the nurse should monitor for excess and/or deficit fluid volume states. Select all assessment data that the nurse should collect. -Condition of mucus membranes -Daily weights -Blood pressure -Pulse rate

All of the above

When giving antihypertensive drugs, the nurse will consider giving the first dose at bedtime for which class of drugs? -Beta blockers -Diuretics -Alpha 1 blockers -ACE inhibitors

Alpha 1 blockers

Select all adrenergic receptors. -Alpha 1 -Beta 2 -Beta 1 -Alpha 2

Alpha 1, Beta 2, Beta 1, Alpha 2

Select all actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. -Angiotensin II causes vasodilation -Aldosterone stimulates sodium and water excretion -Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction -Aldosterone stimulates sodium and water resorption

Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and Aldosterone stimulates sodium and water resorption

Select all appropriate nursing interventions regarding administration of nitroglycerin ointment. -Apply to dry, hairless skin on the upper arms or body -Massage into skin after application -Use the proper dosing paper -Remove all residual from previous dose before applying new dose

Apply to dry hairless skin on the upper arms or body, Use the proper dosing paper, Remove all residual from previous dose before applying new dose

The nurse should teach the patient taking cholestyramine (Questran) to take other daily medications...Select all that apply. -Atleast one hour before Questran -At the same time with Questran -Atleast 4-6 hours after Questran -One hour after taking Questran

Atleast one hour before, atleast 4-6 hours after

Cardioselective beta blockers antagonize... -Beta 2 receptors -Both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors -Beta 1 receptors -Alpha receptors

Beta 1 receptors

A cardioselective beta blocker preferentially blocks... -Neither beta 1 nor beta 2-adrenergic receptors -Beta 2-adrenergic receptors -Both beta 1 and beta 2-adrenergic receptors -Beta 1-adrenergic receptors

Beta 1-adrenergic receptors

Which medications if abruptly discontinued are most likely to cause rebound hypertension? Select all that apply. -Beta blockers -Alpha 2 receptor agonists -Alpha 1 receptor antagonists -Beta agonists

Beta blockers, Alpha 2 receptor agonists

Which of the following drug classes are used to treat angina pectoris? Select all that apply. -Diuretics -Beta blockers -Calcium channel blockers -Nitrates

Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Nitrates

Bile acid sequestrants medications work by... -Suppressing the release of free fatty acid from adipose tissue -Decreasing cholesterol production in the liver -Activating lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cholesterol -Binding bile and preventing resorption of bile acids from the small intestines

Binding bile and preventing resorption of bile acids from the small intestines

Beta-antagonist drugs with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity do what? Select all that apply. -Block beta-adrenergic receptors -Partially stimulate alpha-receptors -Partially stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors -Block alpha-adrenergic receptors

Block beta-adrenergic receptors, Partially stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors

Medications that stimulate beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscles cause what type of response? -Uterus contraction -Glycogenolysis -Bronchodilation -Bronchoconstriction

Bronchodilation

Positive dromotropic effect is an increase in... -Force of myocardium contraction -Blood pressure -Cardiac conduction through the AV node -Heart rate

Cardiac conduction through the AV node

Which two beta-blockers have both beta and alpha receptor blocking activity? -Atenolol -Carvedilol -Labetalol -Metoprolol

Carvedilol and Labetalol

Adrenergic medications that decrease nasal congestion do so by stimulating alpha 1 receptors that results in... -A decrease in inflammation -Dilation of nasal arterioles -Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle -Constriction dilated nasal arterioles

Constriction dilated nasal arterioles

What are the physiologic consequences of tachycardia on the heart? Select all that apply. -Coronary arteries receive more blood -More time is spent in diastole -Coronary arteries receive less blood -Myocardium becomes ischemic

Coronary arteries receive less blood, Myocardium becomes ischemic

Hypertension increases the risk for which of the following. Select all that apply. -Coronary artery disease -Heart failure -Stroke -Renal failure

Coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, renal failure

Select all possible side effects of niacin. -Cutaneous flushing -Abdominal discomfort -Myalgia -Pruritus

Cutaneous flushing, Abdominal discomfort, Pruritus

Select all therapeutic effects of nitrates in the treatment of angina. -A decrease in afterload via dose-dependent arterial vasodilator effect -Decreases myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing contractility -Reduces myocardial oxygen demand by reducing preload via venous dilation -Increases blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue

Decrease in afterload, Reduces myocardial oxygen demand by reducing preload via venous dilation, increases blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue

Select all therapeutic effects of beta blockers when used in treatment for myocardial infarction (heart attack). -Decreases chance of fatal dysrhythmias -Increases the heart rate to improve oxygen delivery -Increases myocardium demand for oxygen -Decreases harmful effects of catecholamines

Decreases chance of fatal dysrhythmias, Decreases harmful effects of catecholamines

Select all actions of nebivolol (Bystolic) -Produces an endothelium-derived nitric oxide-dependent vasoconstriction -Increases blood pressure -Decreases heart rate -Produces an endothelium-derived nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation

Decreases heart rate, Produces an endothelium-derived nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation

Select all effects of beta-blockers used in treatment of hypertension. -Increases secretion of renin -Decreases heart rate -Increases heart rate -Reduces secretion of renin

Decreases heart rate, Reduces secretion of renin

Select all mechanisms of actions that calcium channel blockers help in treatment of angina. -Dilates coronary arteries -Increase in preload -Decrease in afterload -Increase in SA and AV node automaticity

Dilates coronary arteries, Decrease in afterload

Which of the following calcium channel blockers are most commonly used to treat dysrhythmias above the ventricles (supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation)? Select all that apply. -Lidocaine -Diltiazen -Verapamil -Sotalol

Diltiazem, Verapamil

According to the JNC 7 guidelines for the treatment of hypertension, which class of drugs is listed as the current first-line antihypertensives? -ACE-inhibitors -Diuretics -Beta blockers -Calcium channel blockers

Diuretics

Select all vasoactive sympathomimetics (vasopressive drugs) that may be used to support the cardiovascular system during cardiac failure or shock. -Dopamine -Norepinephrine -Levalbuterol -Dobutamine

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Dobutamine

T/F Clonidine (Catapres) may be discontinued abruptly.

False

T/F It is acceptable in acute hypertensive emergencies, to puncture a nifedipine (Procardia) capsule with a needle, and give the contents sublingually, in order to rapidly reduce the blood pressure.

False

T/F Orthostatic hypotension may occur with the first dose only of an alpha blocker.

False

T/F Stimulation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors tends to reverse sympathetic activity.

False

T/F Sublingual nitroglycerin tablets should only be given for quick relief of chest pain.

False

T/F The alpha 1-adrenergic receptors are located on the actual nerves that stimulate the presynaptic effector cells.

False

T/F The main symptom of nitroprusside (Nipride) overdose or toxicity is severe hypertension.

False

T/F The nurse should instruct the patient that it is ok to stop taking an antidysrhythmic medication without notifying the doctor first.

False

T/F The stimulation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors increases sympathetic outflow.

False

Select all fibric acid derivatives (fibrates). -Atorvastatin (Lipitor) -Ezetimibe (Zeita) -Fenofibrate (Tricor) -Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Fenofibrate (Tricor), Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Spironolactone (Aldactone) may cause which of the following? Select all that apply. -Gynecomastia -Hyperkalemia -Hypervolemia -Hypokalemia

Gynecomastia, Hyperkalemia

Which of the following lipids is considered cardioprotective? -VLDL -HDL -Triglycerides -LDL

HDL

The most common undesirable effect of nitrates is... -Bradycardia -Peripheral edema -Hypertension -Headache

Headache

With loop diuretic therapy, what are the main toxic effects the nurse should observe for? Select all that apply. -Hypokalemia -Fluid volume deficit -Excess fluid volume -Hyperkalemia

Hypokalemia, Fluid volume deficit

Select all possible drug effects of loop diuretics. -Hypokalemia -Hypertension -Reduced preload -Produces potent diuresis

Hypokalemia, Reduced preload, Produces potent diuresis

The nurse recognizes that the IV administration of dobutamine (Dobutrex), a beta 1-selective vasoactive adrenergic drug, would most likely cause the following. Select all that apply. -Increase myocardium contractility -Bronchial dilation -Increase cardiac stroke volume -Decrease the heart rate

Increase myocardium contractility, Increase cardiac stroke volume

Select all possible adrenergic beta 1 receptor responses to stimulation. -Increased renin secretion -Decreased contractility -Decreased heart rate -Increased heart rate

Increased renin secretion, increased heart rate

Nonselective beta blockers do what? Select all that apply. -Increases chance of bronchoconstriction -Increases myocardial contraction -Reduces the heart rate -Reduces myocardial contraction

Increases chance of bronchoconstriction, Reduces the HR, Reduces myocardial contraction

Select all mechanisms of action in which beta-blockers reduce the workload of the heart/oxygen demand in treatment of angina. -Increases time in diastole -Slows conduction through the AV node -Increases myocardial contractility -Reduces SA node firing

Increases time in diastole, Slows conduction through the AV node, Reduces SA node firing

The most potent diuretics are... -Osmotic -K+ sparing -Thiazides -Loop

Loop

Fenoldopam (Corlopam) is a peripheral dopamine 1 (D1) agonist indicated for parenteral use in... -Raising the blood pressure -Lowering the heart rate -Raising the heart rate -Lowering the blood pressure

Lowering the blood pressure

Which osmotic diuretic is the most commonly used of this class of drugs? -Mannitol -Organic acids -Glucose -Urea

Mannitol

Stimulation of the dopaminergic receptor causes which of the following arteries to dilate, and thus increase blood flow to these tissues. Select all that apply. -Mesenteric -Cerebral -Renal -Coronary

Mesenteric, Cerebral, Renal, Coronary

Select all centrally acting alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonists. -Metoprolol (Lopressor) -Methyldopa (Aldomet) -Losartan (Cozaar) -Clonidine (Catapres)

Methyldopa (Aldomet), Clonidine (Catapres)

Adrenergic blockers leads to which of the following. Select all that apply. -Miosis -Vasodilation -Increased blood pressure -Improved urinary flow

Miosis, Vasodilation, Improved urinary flow

When administering an intravenous vasoactive adrenergic medication, the nurse would plan to do all of the following, select all that apply -Monitor the electrocardiogram (ECG) -Assess the blood pressure frequently -Monitor the heart rate carefully -Place on an IV pump to titrate the infusion

Monitor the ECG, Assess BP frequently, Monitor HR carefully, Place on an IV pump to titrate the infusion

The nurse should educate the patient taking statins to report immediately... -Dizziness and diarrhea -Headache and insomnia -Constipation and nausea -Muscular soreness, pain, or discomfort

Muscular soreness, pain, or discomfort

Select all possible adrenergic alpha 1 receptor responses to stimulation: -Mydriasis -Blood vessel vasoconstriction -Bladder sphincter constriction -Blood vessel vasodilation

Mydriasis, Blood vessel vasoconstriction, Bladder sphincter constriction

Select all dosage forms that nitrates are available in. -Ointment -IM -Patch -Spray

Ointment, Patch, Spray

Acetazolamide (Diamox) is used to treat...Select all that apply. -Hypovolemia -Open-angle glaucoma -High-altitude sickness -Edema

Open-angle glaucoma, high-altitude sickness, edema

Spontaneous impulse generation in the SA node followed immediately by depolarization of atrial myocardial fibers and their muscular contraction is represented on the EKG by... -P wave -QRS complex -U wave -T wave

P wave

Which medication is often used to treat an intravenous adrenergic drug infiltration at the IV site? -Epinephrine (Adrenalin) -Phentolamine (Regitine) -Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) -Norepinephrine (Levophed)

Phentolamine (Regitine)

Which medication is used to treat alpha-adrenergic drug extravasation and thus helps to prevent tissue necrosis? -Phentolamine (Regitine) -Doxazosin (Cardura) -Dopamine (Intropin) -Prazosin (Minipress)

Phentolamine (Regitine)

Which medication is used to treat alpha-adrenergic drug extravasation and thus helps to prevent tissue necrosis? -Prazosin (Minipress) -Doxazosin (Cardura) -Dopamine (Intropin) -Phentolamine (Regitine)

Phentolamine (Regitine)

Select all alpha blockers medications. -prazosin (Minipress) -doxazosin (Cardura) -tamsulosin (Flomax) -dobutamine (Dobutrex)

Prazosin (Minipress), doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax)

Sudden withdrawal of a beta-blocker may result in what? Select all that apply. -Precipitate an MI -Rebound hypertension -Profound hypotension -Exacerbation of angina

Precipitate an MI, Rebound hypertension, Exacerbation of angina

Select all teaching points the nurse should include when teaching about amiodarone (Cordarone). -Take the medication with an antacid to reduce GI upset -Protect self from sun by wearing barrier sunblock, protective clothing/hat, and sunglasses -Notify doctor for any visual halos, photophobia, and dry eyes -Report progressive dyspnea and cough to healthcare provider

Protect self from sun, Notify doctor of visual halos etc., Report progressive dyspnea and cough

Depolarization and contraction of ventricular myocardial fibers is represented on the EKG by... -QRS complex -U wave -P wave -T wave

QRS complex

The cardioprotective effects of beta blockers on the heart include which of the following? Select all that apply. -Reduced myocardial contractility -Reduced heart rate -Accelerated AV node conduction -Decreased myocardial automaticity

Reduced myocardial contractility, reduced heart rate, decreased myocardial automaticity

Select all possible drug effects of loop diuretics. -Hypertension -Reduced preload -Hypokalemia -Produces potent diuresis

Reduced preload, Hypokalemia, Produces potent diuresis

Cardioselective beta 1-blocker drugs will do what? Select all that apply. -Reduces the heart rate -Increases myocardial contraction -Reduces myocardial contraction -Increases the heart rate

Reduces the heart rate, Reduces myocardial contraction

To prevent tolerance to nitrates...Select all appropriate interventions. -Observe for contact dermatitis where the nitro patch touched the skin -Remove the transdermal patch overnight for 8 hours -Leave transdermal nitro patches on around the clock -Apply a new transdermal patch each morning

Remove the transdermal patch overnight for 8 hours, Apply a new transdermal patch each morning

Select all protective effects of ACE inhibitors. -Renal -Cardiac -Respiratory -Nerves

Renal, Cardiac

If a drug is a beta-adrenergic agonist, that stimulates both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors, this leads to cardiac stimulation and bronchodilation. Select all possible results, therapeutic and adverse effects. -Severe tachycardia -Chest pain, if coronary disease present -Increase in wheezing over lung fields -Decrease in wheezing over lung fields

Severe tachycardia, Chestpain, if coronary disease present, Decrease in wheezing over lung fields

Loop diuretics cause which electrolyte losses...Select all that apply. -Sodium -Potassium -Calcium -Glucagon

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium

Which class of drugs is the most potent for reducing plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol? -Vitamin B niacin -Fibrates -Statins -Bile acid sequestrants

Statins

During an angina attack, the nurse would anticipate which of the following routes of nitrates to be ordered. Select all that apply. -Oral tablet -Sublingual tablet -Intravenous infusion -Transdermal patch

Sublingual tablet, Intravenous infusion

Repolarization of the ventricular myocardial fibers is represented on the EKG by... -QRS complex -T wave -P wave -U wave

T wave

In order to minimize the side effects of niacin the nurse will teach the patient to...Select all that apply -Take aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 30 minutes after the niacin dose -Take aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 30 minutes before the niacin dose -Take niacin with meals -Take niacin on an empty stomach

Take aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 30 minutes before the niacin dose, Take niacin with meals

Select all possible indications for IV mannitol (Osmitrol) -To reduce intracranial pressure -To decrease pulmonary edema -In early, oliguric phase of acute renal failure -To reduce intraocular pressure unresponsive to other drug therapies

To reduce intracranial pressure, In early, oliguric phase of acute renal failure, To reduce intraocular pressure unresponsive to other drug therapies

Acetazolamide (Diamox) is the most commonly used carbonic anhydrase inhibitor today.

True

T/F A major function of the liver is to manufacture cholesterol; a process that requires acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) reductase.

True

T/F A prodrug is a drug that is inactive in its administered form and must be metabolized to its active form in the body, generally by the liver, to be effective.

True

T/F ACE inhibitors decrease afterload and preload.

True

T/F Abrupt dosage changes of cardiovascular medications, either up or down, can be especially hazardous for the patient.

True

T/F According to Lilley, numerous deaths have been reported due to interactions of nitrates and erectile-dysfunction drugs.

True

T/F Adrenergic agonist drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

True

T/F Adrenergic antagonist drugs inhibit or block stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

True

T/F Adrenergic medications can be used to support the cardiovascular system during cardiac failure or shock.

True

T/F All ACE inhibitors have detrimental effects on the unborn fetus and neonate.

True

T/F Amiodarone (Cordarone) has many unwanted adverse effects for the nurse to monitor for.

True

T/F Amiodarone has two very significant drug interactions, namely with digoxin and warfarin.

True

T/F As the pacemaker of the heart, the SA node, which is located near the top of the right atrium, generates the electrical impulse that ultimately produces the heart beat.

True

T/F Atrial fibrillation predisposes the patient to a stroke.

True

T/F Beta blockers may delay the recovery from hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.

True

T/F Beta blockers may mask the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.

True

T/F Beta blockers suppress the activity of the hormone renin from the kidneys.

True

T/F Beta-Blockers may mask the signs of hypoglycemia.

True

T/F Bradykinins are potent vasodilators and help to reduce blood pressure by dilating arteries and decreasing systemic vascular resistance (SVR), a measure of afterload.

True

T/F Calcium channel blockers are also used for the short-term management of atrial fibrillation and flutter, migraine headaches, and Raynaud's disease.

True

T/F Calcium channel blockers are often used for treatment in vasospastic or Prinzmetal angina.

True

T/F Clonidine is an alpha 2-active drug

True

T/F Diuretics are drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation via a variety of mechanisms.

True

T/F Dofetilide (Tikosyn) therapy must be initiated in the hospital, and the patient must have continuous ECG monitoring for the first 3 days.

True

T/F Dopamine is the only substance that can stimulate dopaminergic receptors.

True

T/F Duiretics exert their effect in the nephron.

True

T/F Enalapril (Vasotec) is the only ACE inhibitor that is available in a parenteral preparation.

True

T/F Ezetimibe (Zetia) selectively inhibits absorption of cholesterol and related sterols in the small intestine.

True

T/F Gemfibrozil (Lopid) and fenofibrate (Tricor) primarily effect the triglyceride levels.

True

T/F Hypertension is defined as a persistent systolic pressure of greater than 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mmHg.

True

T/F Hypokalemia is of serious clinical importance with loop diuretic therapy.

True

T/F Infiltration of an intravenous solution containing an adrenergic drug may lead to tissue necrosis from excessive vasoconstriction around the intravenous site.

True

T/F Lidocaine (Xylocaine) is one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias, but it can only be administered intravenously because it has an extensive first-pass effect.

True

T/F Long-acting dosage forms of nitrates are used for prevention of anginal episodes.

True

T/F Mannitol (Osmitrol) is always administered through an IV filter.

True

T/F Many antidysrhythmic medications can produce new dysrhythmias.

True

T/F Methyldopa (Aldomet), a centrally acting alpha 2 receptor agonist, is commonly used to treat hypertension in pregnancy.

True

T/F Metolazone (Zaroxolyn) is more efficacious when given 30 minutes before loop diuretics.

True

T/F Nitrate antianginal drugs can produce additive hypotensive effects when taken in combination with alcohol, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, phenothiazines, and erectile-dysfunction drugs.

True

T/F Nitrates are used to treat stable, unstable, and vasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina.

True

T/F Nitrates dilate all blood vessels, veins and arteries.

True

T/F One specific calcium channel blocker (CCB), nimodipine, can prevent the cerebral artery spasms that occur after a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

True

T/F Phenotyping is the process of characterizing a patient's specific lipid profile.

True

T/F Phentolamine (Regitine), an aplha-blocker, can be used to help diagnose a pheochromocytoma.

True

T/F Postural or orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure of 20 mmHg or more upon standing.

True

T/F Rapid-acting dosage forms of nitrates are used to treat acute anginal attacks.

True

T/F Rebound hypertension is characterized by a sudden and very high elevation of blood pressure.

True

T/F Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors causes an inhibitory effect of the SNS.

True

T/F Supraventricular dysrhythmias originate above the ventricles in the SA or AV node or atrial myocardium.

True

T/F Tamsulosin (Flomax) and alfuzosin (Uroxatral) are used exclusively to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

True

T/F Tamsulosin (Flomax) should not be used concurrently with erectile dysfunction drugs.

True

T/F Terazosin (Hytrin) and doxazosin (Cardura) can be used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

True

T/F The adverse effects of the beta blockers result from their ability to block beta-adrenergic receptors (beta 1 and beta 2 receptors) in various areas of the body.

True

T/F The alpha 2-adrenergic receptors control the release of neurotransmitters.

True

T/F The beta 1-adrenergic receptors are located primarily in the heart.

True

T/F The beta 2-adrenergic receptors are located primarily on the bronchioles and blood vessels.

True

T/F The beta-adrenergic receptors (beta 1 and beta 2) are all located on postsynaptic effector cells.

True

T/F The dopaminergic receptor is another type of adrenergic receptor.

True

T/F The liver is the major organ where lipid metabolism occurs.

True

T/F The predominant alpha-adrenergic agonist response is vasoconstriction and central nervous system (CNS) stimulation.

True

T/F The thiazide diuretics are the most commonly used diuretics for treatment of hypertension.

True

T/F The various diuretics are classified according to their sites of action within the nephron, their chemical structure, and their diuretic potency.

True

T/F There is a high incidence of orthostatic hypotension in patients taking alpha blockers.

True

T/F Triglycerides and cholesterol are the two primary forms of lipids in the blood.

True

T/F Ventricular dysrhythmias originate below the AV node in the His-Purkinje system or ventricular myocardium.

True

T/F When less cholesterol is produced, the liver increases the number of LDL receptors to recycle LDL from the circulation back into the liver.

True

T/F the Vaughan Williams classification system is based on the electrophysiologic effect of particular drugs on the action potential.

True

Select the angiotensin II receptor blocker. -clonidine (Catapres) -fosinopril (Monopril) -valsartan (Diovan) -amlodipine (Norvasc)

Valsartan (Diovan)

Norepinephrine (Levophed) acts predominantly by directly stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, which leads to... -Vasodilation -Vasoconstriction -Bronchoconstriction -Bronchodilation

Vasoconstriction

The predominant response to alpha blockers is... -Vasodilation -Bronchoconstriction -Bronchodilation -Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation

Two dual-action alpha 1 and beta receptor blockers, labetalol and carvedilol, act to decrease the blood pressure by...Select all that apply. -Vasoconstriction of the arteries -Vasodilation of the arteries -Increasing the heart rate -Decreasing the heart rate

Vasodilation of the arteries, Decreasing the heart rate

Select all possible conditions that would cause the nurse to hold the ordered beta-blocker and check with the healthcare provider before administering. -Wheezing heard in lung fields -Blood pressure of 168/96 -Tachycardia -Bradycardia

Wheezing heard in lung fields, Tachycardia, Bradycardia

Which medication is most likely to cause first dose syncope? -furosemide (Lasix) -nifedipine (Procardia) -metoprolol (Lopressor) -doxazosin (Cardura)

doxazosin (Cardura)